In 1215, the year after his accession, the clans Meic Uilleim and MacHeths, inveterate enemies of the Scottish crown, broke into revolt ; but loyalist forces speedily quelled the insurrection.

Even so, forces with inferior weapons have still emerged victorious at times, for example in the Wars of Scottish Independence and in the First Italo – Ethiopian War.

An additional problem was competition in the Liberal heartlands in Scotland and Wales from the Scottish National Party and Plaid Cymru who both grew as electoral forces from the 1960s onwards.

Charles's last years were marked by the English Civil War, in which he fought the forces of the English and Scottish parliaments, which challenged his attempts to overrule and negate parliamentary authority, whilst simultaneously using his position as head of the English Church to pursue religious policies which generated the antipathy of reformed groups such as the Puritans.

He and other Scottish Enlightenment thinkers developed what he called a ' science of man ', which was expressed historically in works by authors including James Burnett, Adam Ferguson, John Millar and William Robertson, all of whom merged a scientific study of how humans behave in ancient and primitive cultures with a strong awareness of the determining forces of modernity.

* 1314 – First War of Scottish Independence: the Battle of Bannockburn concludes with a decisive victory by Scottish forces led by Robert the Bruce, though England did not recognize Scottish independence until 1328 with the signing of the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton.

* 1568 – Battle of Langside: the forces of Mary, Queen of Scots, are defeated by a confederacy of Scottish Protestants under James Stewart, Earl of Moray, her half-brother.

The Scottish military ( as opposed to naval ) forces merged with the English, with pre-existing regular Scottish regiments maintaining their identities, though command of the new British Army was from England.

Other Scottish towns soon followed suit and set up their own police forces through acts of parliament.

The numerical and material inferiority of the Scottish forces would be mirrored by that of the English in the Hundred Years ' War, who, in turn, abandoned chivalric warfare to achieve decisive victory in similar engagements such as Crécy and Poitiers.

* May 13 – Battle of Langside: The forces of Mary, Queen of Scots, are defeated by a confederacy of Scottish Protestants under James Stewart, Earl of Moray, her half-brother.

* May 5 – King Charles I surrenders his forces to a Scottish army at Southwell, Nottinghamshire.

* The legendary genesis of the Flag of Scotland, appearing to Óengus ( II ) of Fortriu the night before a battle between his Pictish and Scottish forces against the Angles.

* 1275 – Scottish forces defeat the Manx of the Isle of Man in a decisive battle, firmly establishing Scottish rule of the island.

Following the Treaty of Berwick, support from England finally arrived and by the end of March, a significant English army joined the Scottish Protestant forces.

* June 19 – Battle of Methven: The forces of the Earl of Pembroke defeat Bruce's Scottish rebels.

* June 24 – Battle of Bannockburn: Scottish forces led by Robert the Bruce defeat Edward II of England, regaining Scotland's independence.

* October 8 – Battle of Ronaldsway: Scottish forces defeat the Manx of the Isle of Man in a decisive battle, firmly establishing Scottish rule of the island.

The revolts which broke out in early 1297, led by William Wallace, Andrew de Moray and other Scottish nobles, forced Edward to send more forces to deal with the Scots, and although they managed to force the nobles to capitulate at Irvine, Wallace and de Moray's continuing campaigns eventually led to the first key Scottish victory, at Stirling Bridge.

Landings reached new heights, and Scottish catches dominated Europe's herring trade, accounting for a third of the British catch.

Scottish folk singer Donovan's transformation to ' electric ' music gave him a series of pop hits, beginning with " Sunshine Superman ", which reached number one in both Britain and the US, to be followed by " Mellow Yellow " ( 1966 ) and " Atlantis " ( 1968 ).

Nothing is known about his teachings, and there is no unchallenged authority for information about his life, although it is accepted that Christianity originally reached Ireland from Scotland, from which Saint Columba hailed, making Ninian the grandfather of Christianity in Scotland and more important figure in Scottish ecclesiastical history-and arguably a far better candidate for Patron Saint than Saint Andrew.

However, an opinion poll in April 2008 suggested the result of any referendum on Scottish independence could be close as support for independence had reached 41 % with just 40 % supporting retention of the Union.

The king and queen escorted by English and Scottish nobles reached Melrose Abbey on 5 April and were met by Albany who surrendered his governor's seal of office.

By 1876 Rangers had their first international player, with Moses McNeil representing Scotland in a match against Wales, and by 1877 Rangers had reached a Scottish Cup final.

Rangers reached the semi-finals of the European Cup in 1960, losing to German club Eintracht Frankfurt by a record aggregate 12 – 4 for a Scottish team.

They reached the 2008 Scottish Cup Final, losing 3 – 2 to Rangers.

They had agreed to raise £ 200, 000 per annum as part of the Great Contract and as the war with Spain had reached its resolution with the 1604 Treaty of London, they saw the King's continued financial deficit as a result of his extravagance ( especially on Scottish favourites such as Robert Carr ) and saw no justification for continued high spending.

Formed in 1976 the club reached its peak in 2008 with its first league victory in the Scottish hydro Electric Western Regional League West Division 2.

Neil MacFarlane, a professional footballer who reached the 2008 Scottish Cup Final with Queen of the South, was born in the town.

In the 2011-12 season, Meadow reached the third round of the Scottish Cup, where they hosted First Division side Livingston at Meadow Park.

They were Scottish Division Three champions in their first season, and in 2001 reached the SPL.

The Scottish Cup Final was reached in 1911 but the club lost to Celtic in a replay.

2005-06 saw a concerted challenge at the top end of the First Division, the club were also in the final again of the Bell ’ s Cup ( the B & Q when first won by Accies ) and reached the quarter final replay stage of the Scottish Cup, the club ’ s best run in 39 years.

They have reached the Scottish Cup final eight times, winning the trophy on three occasions.

This season they are playing in the Scottish 1st Division and aim to consolidate their position having already reached the League Cup final only to lose out.

It has reached two Scottish League Cup Finals, losing them to each of the Old Firm clubs.

The club has never reached a Scottish Cup Final in its history, although it has been in a number of semi-finals in recent years, and were only defeated on penalties at that stage by eventual winners Rangers in 2008.

Saints also reached the final of the League Cup and the semi-finals of the Scottish Cup in that season, losing to Rangers in both competitions.

* Furthest reached in OVD Scottish Junior Cup

The clubs greatest success came in 1920 when they reached the final of the Scottish Cup at Hampden Park.

The club has also reached the final of the Scottish Challenge Cup, losing to 2 – 0 to Queen of the South in 2002.

That season, Brechin reached the quarter-finals of the Scottish Cup, where they drew 2-2 with SPL side at Glebe Park, resulting in a replay, where they eventually lost 1-0 after a valiant effort.