In 1243, the Papal legate William of Modena divided the Prussian lands of the Order's State into four dioceses, whereby the bishops retained the secular rule over about on third of the original territory:

In 1243, the Bishopric of Pomesania and the other three dioceses ( Bishopric of Samland, Archbishopric of Warmia, and Bishopric of Culm ) were put under the jurisdiction of the Archbishop of Riga by papal legate William of Modena.

Originally founded as the Bishopric of Ermland, it was created by William of Modena in 1243 in the territory of Prussia after its conquest by the Teutonic Knights during the Northern Crusades.

Along with Culm, Pomesania, and Samland ( Sambia ), Warmia was one of four dioceses in Prussia created in 1243 by the papal legate William of Modena.

Within the monastic state of the Teutonic Knights, the Bishopric of Culm was created in 1243 by William of Modena.

* 1241 – 1243 William of Sainte-Mère-Eglise

In 1243, the Papal legate William of Modena divided Prussia into four bishoprics: Culm ( Chełmno ), Pomesania, Ermland ( Warmia ), and Samland ( Sambia ).

Other children, according to the Dictionary of National Biography were: three sons, Theobald, William and Thomas, and daughter, Egidia who married Sir James Stewart ( 1243 – 1309 ), High Steward of Scotland.

His first clerical position came in 1243, when he was created a papal chaplain.

In 1243 the settlement, together with the surrounding region of Warmia, was given by the Order to the newly created Bishopric of Warmia, whose bishop built his cathedral in the town and made it his chief residence.

* ; 1243: The new era name was created to mark an event or a number of events.

In 1243 in Ireland, he succeeded his father as Lord of Connacht, and was created Earl of Ulster as well in 1264.

The German Teutonic Knights conquered the region during the 13th century and the Bishopric of Samland became, along with Bishopric of Pomesania, Bishopric of Ermland, and Bishopric of Culm, one of the four dioceses of Prussia in 1243.

The 1977 Priory document claimed Saunière discovered three documents: 1 ) a genealogy of the Counts of Rhedae dated 1243 bearing the seal of Blanche of Castile, 2 ) a document of 1608 relating to François-Pierre d ' Hautpoul providing a complementary genealogy from 1240 onwards and, 3 ) a last will and testament of Henri d ' Hautpoul dated 24 April 1695 bearing the stamp and signature of the testator, adding they were originally sold by Saunière's niece Madame James to two Englishmen, Captain Ronald Stansmore and Sir Thomas Frazer of the International League of Antiquarian Booksellers.

Upon receiving word of the death of Ögedei Khan ( son and successor Genghis ) in 1243, it was Subutai who reluctantly reminded his three princes of their dynastic duties and ordered the Tumens to ride back home, sparing Europe from further devastating blows

A threat of invasion by Henry in 1243 for a time interrupted the friendly relations between the two countries ; but the prompt action of Alexander in anticipating his attack, and the disinclination of the English barons for war, compelled him to make peace next year at Newcastle.

* Baroque or Bayon Style ( 1181 – 1243 ): In the final quarter of the 12th century, King Jayavarman VII freed the country of Angkor from occupation by an invasionary force from Champa.

* Post Bayon Style ( 1243 – 1431 ): Following the period of frantic construction under Jayavarman VII, Angkorian architecture entered the period of its decline.

From May 1243 to March 1244, the Cathar fortress of Montségur was besieged by the troops of the seneschal of Carcassonne and the archbishop of Narbonne.

Saint Hedwig of Silesia (), also Saint Hedwig of Andechs (, ) ( 1174 – 15 October 1243 ) from the comital House of Andechs was Duchess of Silesia from 1201 and of Greater Poland from 1231 as well as High Duchess consort of Poland from 1232 until 1238.

On 15 October 1243, Hedwig died and was buried in Trzebnica Abbey with her husband, while relics of her are preserved at Andechs Abbey and St. Hedwig's Cathedral in Berlin.

Alice ordered Filangieri to be arrested, and along with the Ibelins and Venetians, besieged Tyre, which fell in July, 1243.

Louis also ordered, at the urging of Pope Gregory IX, the burning in Paris in 1243 of some 12, 000 manuscript copies of the Talmud and other Jewish books.

Matteo Rosso, called the Great, was the effective lord of Rome from 1241, when he defeated the Imperial troops, to 1243, holding the title of Senator.

Subsequently he received several ecclesiestical benefices, becoming archdeacon in Bologna ( 1244 ) and Parma ( 1244 / 48 – 1255 ), canon and chancellor of the cathedral chapter in Reims ( 1243 – 1250 ), canon and dean of the chapter in Piacenza ( c. 1247 ) and canon of the cathedral chapter in Paris ( 1244 / 45 – 1270 ).

On 19 September 2006, the Federal Court of Australia brought down a judgment recognising Noongar native title over the Perth metropolitan area, in the case of Bennell v State of Western Australia FCA 1243.

Pope Innocent IV ( c. 1195 – 7 December 1254 ), born Sinibaldo Fieschi, was Pope from 25 June 1243 until his death in 1254.

Cardinal de ' Fieschi very reluctantly accepted election as Pope, taking the name Innocent IV as of 25 June 1243.

Anyway, the Tuscan city tried to take advantage of the favourable situation to conquer the Corsican city of Aleria and even lay siege to Genoa itself in 1243.

In 1243, the positions of Captains Regent () were established to be the joint heads of state.

In 1243, the first two Captains Regent were nominated by the Council and is still in use today.

Following the Mongolian invasion of Anatolia facilitated by the Sultanate of Rûm's defeat at the 1243 Battle of Köse Dağ, Islamic mystic literature thrived in Anatolia, and Yunus Emre became one of its most distinguished poets.

* 1243 – 1250 — Second Holy Roman Empire – Papacy War.

* Yelü Chucai, Mandarin statesman ( d. 1243 )

A 20, 000 strong army under Papal legate William of Modena crossed the frozen sea while the Saaremaa fleet was icebound, in January 1227.

The Archbishopric of Warmia was one of four dioceses created in 1242 by the papal legate William of Modena.

* March 31 – William of Modena, Bishop of Modena

Sweden had achieved a rare war exploit, in Sweden considered to be matched only by the crusade of the Livonian Order led by William of Modena to conquer Saaremaa ( Osel ) in January 1227 and afterwards when two Russian armies crossed the frozen Gulf of Bothnia from Finland to mainland Sweden in March during the Finnish War.

When the papal diplomat William of Modena visited present Sweden around 1248, he urged the Swedish kings to fulfill the rules of the Catholic Church, an exhortation which Birger seems to have taken as a chance to strengthen his position by simply taking the side of the church against other members of his family ( alternatively possible to interpret as a manifestation of his pious side ).

In the aftermath of Northern Crusades William of Modena as Papal legate solved the disputes between the crusaders in Livonia and Prussia.

* In the Prussian region William of Modena divided the lands between Teutonic knights and the Church by creating 4 Prince-Bishoprics under the Archbishopric of Riga:

Sambia became one of four Prussian dioceses, the other three dioceses being Pomesania, Warmia and Chelmno Land as arranged by the papal legate William of Modena.

The Chronicles may have originated as a report to the papal legate William of Modena, to whom he was assigned as interpreter in 1225 through 1227.

William of Modena ( c. 1184 – 31 March 1251 ), also known as William of Sabina, Guglielmo de Chartreaux, Guglielmo de Savoy, Guillelmus, was an Italian clergyman and papal diplomat.

Born in Piedmont and named bishop of Modena in May 1222, William was sent as Papal legate to resolve differences that resulted from the outcome of the Livonian Crusade in Livonia in 1225.

It relates how in 1226, in another stronghold, called Tarwanpe, William of Modena successfully mediated peace between Germans, Danes and Estonians.

In the Crusades to conquer and Christianize Prussia at swordpoint, William of Modena found himself required to mediate between the rival claims and conflicting programs of Christian, the evangelizing first Bishop of Prussia, who, if he had been more successful, would have been sainted, as an " Apostle to the Prussians ," and the Knights of the Teutonic Order, to whom Christian and Duke Conrad of Masovia had pledged territorial properties.

William of Modena, who had been appointed papal legate for Prussia, disregarded the rights of Christian, who had the misfortune to be captured by the pagan Prussians and held for ransom ( 1233 – 39 ), and proceeded in his absence to appoint another Bishop of Prussia.

In 1236, Gregory IX, apparently giving up on Christian, empowered William of Modena to divide Prussia into three dioceses.

William of Modena did not give up his plans of dividing Prussia into dioceses instead of empowering a vast territorial knightly order.

Two months later he sent emissaries including Peter de Colmieu, Archbishop of Rouen, William of Modena, who had resigned his episcopal office, and Abbot William of St. Facundus as legates to the emperor at Melfi with instructions to ask him to release the prelates whom he had captured while on their way to a council that Gregory IX had intended to hold at Rome and challenge the emperor to make satisfaction for the injuries which he had inflicted upon the Church, which had caused Gregory IX to put him under the ban of excommunication.