* 1261 – Michael VIII Palaiologos is crowned Byzantine emperor in Constantinople.

He was acclaimed co-emperor in 1261, after his father Michael VIII recovered Constantinople from the Latin Empire, but he was crowned only in 1272.

Byzantine Emperor Michael VII Palaiologos succeeded in recapturing Constantinople in 1261.

In 1248 AD, the Epirus recognized the Nicaean Emperors, who then recaptured Constantinople in 1261 AD.

She further states another tradition that when the last Latin Emperor of Constantinople, Baldwin II, was leaving Constantinople in 1261 he took this original circular portion of the icon with him.

* 1261 – The city of Constantinople is recaptured by Nicaean forces under the command of Alexios Strategopoulos, re-establishing the Byzantine Empire.

* 1261 — Byzantines under Michael VIII retake Constantinople from the Crusaders and Venice.

* 1259 – September – The Empire of Nicaea defeats the Principality of Achaea at the Battle of Pelagonia, ensuring the eventual reconquest of Constantinople in 1261.

* 1261 – July 25 – The city of Constantinople is recaptured by Nicaean forces under the command of Michael VIII Palaeologus, thus re-establishing the Byzantine Empire.

* September – Battle of Pelagonia: The Empire of Nicaea defeats the Principality of Achaea, ensuring the eventual reconquest of Constantinople in 1261.

From the date of its dedication in 360 until 1453, it served as the Greek Patriarchal cathedral of Constantinople, except between 1204 and 1261, when it was converted to a Roman Catholic cathedral under the Latin Empire.

The Abbasids ' rule was briefly ended for three years in 1258, when Hulagu Khan, the Mongol khan, sacked Baghdad, resuming in Mamluk Egypt in 1261, from where they continued to claim authority in religious matters until 1519, when power was formally transferred to the Ottoman Empire and the capital relocated to Constantinople.

After Michael's conquest of Constantinople on July 25, 1261, John IV was left behind at Nicaea, and was later blinded on Michael's orders on his eleventh birthday, December 25, 1261.

He recovered Constantinople from the Latin Empire in 1261 and transformed the Empire of Nicaea into a restored Byzantine Empire.

On 25 July 1261, Michael VIII's general Alexios Strategopoulos captured Constantinople from its last Latin Emperor, Baldwin II.

Nicaea served as the interim capital city of the Byzantine Empire between 1204 and 1261, following the Fourth Crusade in 1204, until the recapture of Constantinople by the Byzantines in 1261.

He captured Constantinople from the Latins in 1261, and restored the Byzantine Empire.

An English translation of Books I and II ( up to the recovery of Constantinople in 1261 ), with commentary, exists in the form of a PhD thesis ( author Nathan Cassidy ) held in the Reid Library of the University of Western Australia.

Akropolites ' historical work, the Annals, embraces the period from the capture of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade by the Latins in 1204 to its recovery by Michael Palaiologos in 1261, thus forming a continuation of the work of Nicetas Choniates.

In 1261 Constantinople was captured by Michael VIII Palaeologus, and Baldwin ’ s rule came to an end.

* Nicaea ( present-day İznik, another important city in Bithynia, and the interim Byzantine capital city between 1204 and 1261 ( Empire of Nicaea ) following the Fourth Crusade in 1204, until the recapture of Constantinople by the Byzantines in 1261.

Nicaea, until 1261 the capital of the Empire, was under siege by Ottoman Turks.

Although besieged on numerous occasions by various peoples, it was taken only in 1204 by the army of the Fourth Crusade, in 1261 by Michael VIII, and in 1453 by the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II.

Plaisance died in 1261, but as her son Hugh II was still underage, Cyprus passed to his cousin Hugh of Antioch-Lusignan, whose mother Isabella of Cyprus, Alice of Champagne and Hugh I of Cyprus ' daughter and Hugh II's aunt, took over the regency in Acre.

Cardinale ( 1983 ), the Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary was founded by two Bolognese nobles Loderingo degli Andalò and Catalano di Guido in 1233, and approved by pope Alexander IV in 1261.

In the subsequent conquest which lasted over 50 years, the original population was nearly exterminated especially during the major Prussian rebellion of 1261 – 83.

He broke peace with the Livonian Order in 1261, possibly renouncing Christianity, and was assassinated in 1263 by his nephew Treniota and another rival, Duke Daumantas.

Nichiren was exiled to the Izu peninsula in 1261, and pardoned in 1263.

1185 – 25 May 1261 ) was Pope from 1254 until his death.

On 12 April 1261, shortly before his death, Alexander issued a papal bull for King Henry that absolved him of oaths taken in the Provisions of Oxford, which was instrumental in the War.

In 1261 he was created Cardinal Deacon of Santa Maria in Cosmedin by Pope Urban IV, who also appointed him papal prefect in Tuscany and captain of the papal army.

His rise was rapid: in 1257, he was appointed Bishop of Le Puy ; in 1259, he was appointed Archbishop of Narbonne ; and in December 1261, he became the first cardinal created by Pope Urban IV, for the See of Sabina.

Pope Urban IV ( c. 1195 – 2 October 1264 ), born Jacques Pantaléon, was Pope from 1261 to 1264.

After a three-month vacancy, Pantaléon was chosen by the eight cardinals of the Sacred College to succeed him in a papal election that concluded on 29 August 1261.

Like Pope Innocent III ( 1198 – 1216 ), Pope Gregory IX ( 1227 – 1241 ) and Pope Alexander IV ( 1254 – 1261 ), he was a member of the family of the Conti, counts and dukes of Segni.

At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Venantius and Celer ( or, less frequently, year 1261 Ab urbe condita ).

Year 1261 ( MCCLXI ) was a common year starting on Saturday ( link will display the full calendar ) of the Julian calendar.

He was a Roman nobleman who had served under eight Popes, been made cardinal-deacon of St. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano by Pope Innocent IV ( 1243 – 54 ), protector of the Franciscans by Pope Alexander IV ( 1254 – 61 ), inquisitor-general by Pope Urban IV ( 1261 – 64 ), and succeeded Pope John XXI ( 1276 – 77 ) after a six-month vacancy in the Holy See resolved in the papal election of 1277, largely through family influence.

In 1261, the Latins ceded Mystras and other forts in the southeastern Peloponnese as ransom for William II, who had been captured in Pelagonia, and Michael VIII Palaeologus made the city the seat of the new Despotate of the Morea.

In 1261, after he became a Sultan, he established a puppet Abbasid caliphate in Cairo, and the Mamluks fought the remnants of the Crusader states in Palestine until they finally captured Acre in 1291.

Under the leadership of the future king Stephen V of Hungary, the Hungarians recovered Severin and captured Bulgarian Vidin and Lom in 1261.

He was captured by the Byzantine in 1261 and had to give up Maini as part of his ransom.