By the 16th century, Spanish conquistadors began to subdue and colonize the region of present-day Chile, and the territory became a colony from 1540 to 1818, when it gained independence from Spain.

In 1532, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor imposed a vice-king to Mexico, Antonio de Mendoza, in order to prevent Cortes ' independentist drives, who definitively returned to Spain in 1540.

Walmer Castle was built by Henry VIII in 1539 – 1540 as an artillery fortress to counter the threat of invasion from Catholic France and Spain.

The viceroy of New Spain Antonio de Mendoza, for who is named the Codex Mendoza, commissioned several expeditions to explore and establish settlements in the northern lands of New Spain in 1540 – 42.

This structure was built in 1543 and was ordered by Hernán Cortés, but he never saw it built as he returned to Spain for good in 1540.

The most important of these are: the Capuchins, founded in 1525 by Matteo Bassi and established in 1619 by Paul V as a separate order ; the Discalced Franciscans, founded as a specially strict Observantist congregation at Belalcázar in Spain by Juan de Puebla toward the end of the 15th century, compelled by Leo X to unite with the regular Observantists, but soon afterward reestablished as an independent branch by Juan de Guadelupe ( d. 1580 ), and subsequently obtaining some importance in Spain and Portugal ; the Alcantarines, a very strict congregation founded in 1540 by Peter of Alcántara, and distinguished by remarkable achievements in the mission field ; the Italian Riformati, founded about 1525 near Rieti by two Spanish Observantists, and becoming comparatively widespread from the beginning of the 17th century through the favour of Pope Clement VIII and Pope Urban VIII ; the French Recollects, originating in Cluys in 1570 and, more successfully at Rabastens in 1583, formed into a distinct congregation by Clement VIII in 1602, and important in later missionary history, especially in Canada ; the German-Belgian Recollects, formed in the 17th century, as the Observant provinces in Germany and Belgium accepted stricter statutes and took the name Recollects during and after the Thirty Years ' War.

After the deaths of first Ehinger ( 1533 ) and then his successor Georg von Speyer ( 1540 ), Philipp von Hutten continued exploration in the interior, and in his absence from the capital of the province the crown of Spain claimed the right to appoint the governor.

Alvarado continued as Governor of Honduras until 1540, although he was recalled to Spain in 1537.

Hispanos emigrated from Mexico to what was then one of the outermost frontiers of New Spain after Coronado in 1540 led 1100 men and 1600 pack and food animals northward in search of the legendary Seven Cities of Cibola.

Voyages in 1540 and 1541 to Baja California were sponsored by Cortés's rival, the Viceroy of New Spain.

Volusenus paid frequent visits to Lyon ( where Conrad Gesner saw him, still a young man, in 1540 ), probably also to Italy, where he had many friends, perhaps even to Spain.

Bernardino de Mendoza was born in Guadalajara, Spain around 1540 as the son of Don Alonso Suarez de Mendoza, third Count of Coruña and Vicecount of Torija, and Doña Juana Jimenez de Cisneros.

He was born at Torrehermosa, in the Kingdom of Aragon, on 24 May 1540, on the Feast of Pentecost, called in Spain " the Pasch ( or " Passover ") of the Holy Ghost ", hence the name Paschal.

Juan had died during the ten month-long siege of Cuzco and Hernando was sent back as envoy to Spain and imprisoned in 1540, after accusations of corruption and tax evasion pointed towards the Pizarro administration.

Francisco de San Roman († 1540 ) was the first Protestant burned at the stake in Spain.

Category: Populated places established in 1540

Before 1540, when the Regius professorship of Greek was established, Ascham " was paid a handsome salary to profess the Greek tongue in public ," and held also lectures in St John's College.

Sher Khan's Army, under the command of Khulas Khan Marwat, then established a monarchy in Delhi with Sher Khan ruling under the title Sher Shah Suri ; he ruled from 1540 to 1545.

The first colonies were from the Chahcapoyas culture, but the modern city of Moyobamba was established by Juan Pérez de Guevara on 25 July 1540, who named it Santiago de los Ocho Valles de Moyobamba ( Santiago of the eight Moyobamba Valleys ).

Category: Populated places established in 1540

Records indicate that coal mining was established in the valley as early as 1540 although there was little effective transport.

As a Jesuit historian Bartoli represents the shift from the preceding Latin humanist historiography of Niccolò Orlandini and Francesco Sacchini to the illustrious Jesuit prose tradition he established in Italian when he undertook the official history of the first century of the Society of Jesus ( 1540 ).

The city surrendered to the Ottomans in 1540, who renamed it Mora Yenişehri and established it as the seat of a sanjak.

Category: Populated places established in 1540

After the Order had been definitely established ( 1540 ) Laynez, among other missions visited Germany.

The Spaniards established their first settlement in the area around the year 1540.

The Suri Empire () was established by a Muslim dynasty of Afghan origin who ruled a vast territory in the Indian subcontinent between 1540 to 1557, with Delhi serving as its capital.

From 1540 on Comayagua was the capital of the Honduras Province of the Captaincy General of Guatemala.

Thomas Cromwell, as Vicar General, launched a commission of enquiry into the nature and value of all ecclesiastical property in 1535, which culminated in the Dissolution of the Monasteries ( 1536 – 1540 ).

1540 Strobolume, a professional grade stroboscope produced by General Radio

In late 1540, Honduras looked to be heading towards development and prosperity, thanks to the establishment of Gracias as the regional capital of the Audiencia of Guatemala ( 1544 ).

* Pedro de Alvarado ( Mexico, 1519 – 1521, Guatemala, El Salvador 1523 – 1527, Perú, 1533 – 1535, Mexico, 1540 – 1541 )

Andrea Andreani ( 1540 – 1623 ) was an Italian engraver on wood, who was among the first printmakers in Italy to use chiaroscuro, which required multiple colours.

The Annals of Ulster which cover medieval Ireland between AD 431 to AD 1540 were written at Belle Isle on Lough Erne near Lisbellaw.

A study of 1540 US adults found instead that levels of scientific literacy were correlated with the strength of opinion on climate change, but not on which side of the debate that they stood.

* Regimini militantis Ecclesiae was the papal bull promulgated by Pope Paul III on September 27, 1540, which gave a first approval to the Society of Jesus, also known as the Jesuits, but limited the number of its members to sixty.

The precise date of Francisco Álvares death, like that of his birth, is unknown, but the writer of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article concludes it was later than 1540, in which year an account of his travels were published at Lisbon.

He concurrently worked on another book, the Commentary on Romans, which was published in March 1540.

In consequence of the bitter controversy with Luther that resulted, Agricola in 1540 left Wittenberg secretly for Berlin, where he published a letter addressed to Frederick III, Elector of Saxony, which was generally interpreted as a recantation of his obnoxious views.

Baldassare Castiglione, author of Il Cortegiano (" The Courtier "), wrote in 1528: "... Another of the greatest painters in this world looks down on this art in which he is unequalled ..." while the biographer known as " Anonimo Gaddiano " wrote, c. 1540: " His genius was so rare and universal that it can be said that nature worked a miracle on his behalf ...".

English written lute music only began around 1540, however, the country produced numerous lutenists, of which John Dowland ( 1563 – 1626 ) is perhaps the most famous.

Although Franciscus Vieta ( 1540 – 1603 ) gave the first notation of modern algebra, John Napier ( 1550 – 1617 ) invented logarithms, and Edmund Gunter ( 1581 – 1626 ) created the logarithmic scales ( lines, or rules ) upon which slide rules are based.

* Franciscus Vieta ( 1540 – 1603 ) published In Artem Analycitem Isagoge ( 1591 ), which gave the first symbolic notation of parameters in literal algebra.

Divination using playing cards is in evidence as early as 1540 in a book entitled The Oracles of Francesco Marcolino da Forlì which allows a simple method of divination, though the cards are used only to select a random oracle and have no meaning in themselves.

By 1523, a Karaite community, consisting of 10 families, is recorded as living in Hebron, It was from them that, in 1540, Rabbi Malkiel Ashkenazi bought a courtyard ( El Cortijo ) and the house of prayer which he converted to the Sephardi Abraham Avinu Synagogue.

A number of editions of the Vulgate also appeared from his presses, of which the principal are those of 1528, 1532, 1540 ( one of the ornaments of his press ), and 1546.

In 1580, Minuit's family took refuge in the city of Wesel, which had become a haven for Protestants as early as 1540.

* the Rocca Paolina, a Renaissance fortress ( 1540 – 1543 ) of which only a bastion today is remaining.

However, its severity was reduced by an act of 1540, which retained the death penalty only for denial of transubstantiation, and a further act limited its arbitrariness.

When the monastery was dissolved in 1540 the local farmers continued making the cheese right up until the Second World War, during which most milk in the country was used for the making of " Government Cheddar ".

On October 17, 1540, Francis ordered the Breton navigator to return to Canada to lend weight to a colonization project of which he would be " captain general ".

Luys Hernandez de Biedma, one of de Soto ’ s officers wrote of a group of men who made their way to what is now Tryon on May 21, 1540: " The next day, they went to Xuala which is a town on a plain between some rivers ; its chief was so well provisioned that he gave to the Christians however much they asked for: slaves, corn, little dogs opossums … and however much he had.

In England, consequently, there was enacted the Statute of Wills ( 1540 ), which permitted the oldest son to be entirely cut off from inheriting, and in the 17th century military tenure was abolished.

The oldest football still in existence, which is thought to have been made circa 1540, was discovered in the roof of Stirling Castle, Scotland, in 1981.

An attack upon Bishop Gardiner by Barnes in a sermon at St Paul's Cross was the signal for a bitter struggle between the Protestant and reactionary parties in Henry's council, which raged during the spring of 1540.

The romance had a great vogue in England through the translation ( c. 1540 ) of John Bourchier, Lord Berners, as Huon of Burdeuxe, through which Shakespeare heard of the French epic.