In another move, which would destroy Hispaniola's sugar industry, in 1561 Havana, more strategically located in relation to the Gulf Stream, was selected as the designated stopping point for the merchant flotas, which had a royal monopoly on commerce with the Americas.

* 1561 – Bairam Khan, Great Mughal General, regent for Akbar

* The Ducal Palace, built from 1561 for Duke Ottavio Farnese on a design by Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola.

The Jesuit brother Agostino Salumbrino ( 1561 – 1642 ), an apothecary by training who lived in Lima, observed the Quechua using the bark of the cinchona tree for that purpose.

In return for large amounts of gold, the Shah allowed a Turkish executioner to strangle Bayezid and his four sons in 1561, clearing the path for Selim's succession to the throne seven years later.

In 1561 Luis de León, a Spanish lyric poet and an Augustinian friar, translated the Song of Songs into Spanish for his cousin, Isabel Osorio, a nun who could not read the Latin text, and wrote an accompanying commentary.

* The Book of the Courtier ( 1561 ), English translation by Thomas Hoby as edited by Walter Raleigh for David Nutt, Publisher, London, 1900.

In 1561, Martial de Loménie, secretary of state for finances under King Charles IX, became lord of Versailles.

* Francis Bacon of England ( 1561 – 1626 ), philosopher, jurist, scientist, writer, and politician ; specifically Member of Parliament, Attorney General for England and Wales ( 1613 – 1617 ), and Lord Chancellor ( 1617 – 1621 )

Sweden had first gained a foothold on a territory outside her traditional provinces in 1561, when Estonia opted for vassalage to Sweden during the Livonian War.

He visited France again in the spring of 1561, and by 5 July was back in Paris for the third time — this time accompanied by the Bishop of Orkney and the Earl of Eglinton.

On 25 August 1561, William of Orange married for the second time.

In 1561, the Edict of Orléans declared an end to the persecution, and the Edict of Saint-Germain of January 1562 formally recognized the Huguenots for the first time.

Thomas Fincke ( 6 January 1561 – 24 April 1656 ) was a Danish mathematician and physicist, and a professor at the University of Copenhagen for more than 60 years.

The Jesuit Brother Agostino Salumbrino ( 1561 – 1642 ), an apothecary by training and who lived in Lima, observed the Quechua using the quinine-containing bark of the cinchona tree for that purpose.

This council of clergy was formed in 1561, during the Estates-General of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, when the national council of prelates accepted the crown's request for Huguenots to be given a hearing.

" The ninetein Day of August 1561 Yeirs, betwene seven and eicht Hours Befoirnone, arryved Marie Quene of Scotland, then Wedo, with two Gallies furth of France ... Becaus the Palace of Halyrudehous was not throuchly put in Ordour ( for hir cumming was more suddane then many luiked for ), sche remained in Leyth, till towards the Evening, and then repaired thither ".

This process continued for three centuries, with formal procedures set out in 1561 to issue letters patent to any new industry, allowing monopolies.

* At Arboga in 1561, the term riksdag was used for the first time.

After 1550, it was not printed again until 1813 except for Owen Rogers ' 1561 edition — a cheap knock-off of Crowley's text that omits the preface naming the author while adding — in some cases — Pierce the Ploughman's Crede.

Gerard Legh is normally given the credit for having suggested the Pegasus as a coat of arms, having given an account of Robert Dudley playing the part of Prince Pallaphilos, a patron of the Honorable Order of Pegasus in the 1561 Christmas revels.

The estates of Orléans in 1560, followed by those of Pontoise in 1561, and those of Blois in 1576 and 1588 were most remarkable for the wisdom, courage and efforts of the deputies, but on the whole were lacking in effect.

When Mary returned to Scotland in 1561 to take up the reins of power, the country had an established Protestant church and was run by a council of Protestant nobles supported by Elizabeth.

His brief imprisonment at Marignane in late 1561 came about purely because he had published his 1562 almanac without the prior permission of a bishop, contrary to a recent royal decree.

The 1561 English translation by Thomas Hoby had a great influence on the English upper class's conception of English gentlemen.

Until 1561 the church had a central tower which either collapsed or was removed, and has been replaced with the current tower over the west door.

In 1553 Sir Nicholas Bacon married secondly Anne Cooke ( 1528 – 1610 ), one of the daughters of Sir Anthony Cooke, by whom he had two sons, Anthony ( 1558 – 1601 ) and Francis Bacon ( 1561 – 1626 ), who became Lord Chancellor and was also a philosopher, author and scientist.

As early as 1560 or 1561, Frobisher had formed a resolution to undertake a voyage in search of a Northwest Passage as a trade route to India and China ( referred to at that time as Cathay ).

He then became pastor of Stammheim ( same canton ) until 1561, when he retired to Zürich ( of which he had been made a burgher in 1548 ), where he lived in retirement till his death in 1576.

His first wife was Margaret Bostock, she had five children, but only two daughters survived-Mary ( d. after 1547 ) and Ann who married Sir Henry Boynton in 1561.

Finally, in 1561 Ferdinand revived the Archdiocese of Prague, which had been previously liquidated due to the success of the Protestants.

Two years after Robert Coke died on 15 November 1561, Winifred remarried to Robert Bozoun, a member of an old family who had a tremendous influence on the Coke children.

In part this was led by an apparent change in stance by John Calvin in his Readings on the Prophet Daniel, a book of 1561, in which he had argued that when kings disobey God, they " automatically abdicate their worldly power "-a change from his views in earlier works that even ungodly kings should be obeyed.

While French Huguenots had derisively bestowed the name Triumvirate on the alliance formed in 1561 between Catholic Francis, Duke of Guise, Anne de Montmorency, and Jacques Dalbon, Seigneur de Saint Andre during the French Wars of Religion, in later years the term would be used to describe other arrangements within France.

In contrast to Swedish Estonia, which had submitted to Swedish rule voluntarily in 1561 and where traditional local laws remained largely untouched, the uniformity policy was applied in Swedish Livonia under Karl XI of Sweden: serfdom was abolished, peasants were offered education as well as military, administrative or ecclesiastical careers, and nobles had to transfer domains to the king in the Great Reduction.

Sussex had tried in 1561 to procure Shane's assassination via poison wine, and Shane now laid the whole blame for his lawless conduct on the lord deputy's repeated alleged attempts on his life.

Falloppio published his own book, Observationes Anatomicae, in 1561 and claimed that he had written the work four years prior.

The policy of repression which in this capacity he pursued during the next five years secured for him many tangible rewards: in 1560 he was elevated to the archepiscopal see of Mechelen, and in 1561 he became a cardinal ; but the growing hostility of a people whose religious convictions he had set himself to oppose ultimately made it impossible for him to continue in the Netherlands ; and on the advice of his royal master he retired to Franche-Comté in March 1564.

The play had been written by Thomas Sackville and Thomas Norton for the 1561 / 2 Christmas festivities at the Inner Temple in London and appears to have been selected because it was a story of a divided kingdom descending into anarchy that was applicable to the situation in Ireland at the time of the performance.

His first plans for a voyage to Florida revolved around searching for his son, Juan, who had been shipwrecked there in 1561.

An extended Finland Proper was made a titular grand principality in 1581, when King John III of Sweden, who as a prince had been the Duke of Finland ( 1556 – 1561 / 63 ), extended the list of subsidiary titles of the Kings of Sweden considerably.

In 1561 a system of Industrial Monopoly Licenses, similar to modern patents had been introduced into England.

During the Muromachi period, Odawara Castle had very strong defenses, as it was situated on a hill, surrounded by moats with water on the low side, and dry ditches on the hill side, with banks, walls and cliffs located all around the castle, enabling the defenders to repel attacks by the great warriors Uesugi Kenshin in 1561 and Takeda Shingen in 1569.