They were considered a Catholic innovation, not widely practiced until the 18th century, and were opposed vigorously in worship by a number of Protestant Reformers, including Martin Luther ( 1483 – 1546 ), John Calvin ( 1509 – 1564 ) and John Wesley ( 1703 – 1791 ).

This idea was already rejected as untenable by John Calvin ( 1509 – 1564 ), and by the time of Thomas Hobbes ( 1588 – 1679 ) it was recognised that the book must have been written much later than the period it depicted.

However, when John Knox returned to Scotland in 1559, he continued to use the Form of Prayer he had created for the English exiles in Geneva, and in 1564, this supplanted the Book of Common Prayer under the title of the Book of Common Order.

Pius IV sent the decrees to Mary, Queen of Scots, with a letter dated June 13, 1564, requesting her to publish them in Scotland, but she dared not do it in the face of John Knox and the Reformation.

He was noted for his literary and theatrical patronage, and between 1564 and 1599 some 33 works included dedications to him by authors including Arthur Golding, John Lyly, Robert Greene and Anthony Munday.

* 1509 – John Calvin, French theologian and pastor ( d. 1564 )

John Calvin (, born: 10 July 150927 May 1564 ) was an influential French theologian and pastor during the Protestant Reformation.

* 1564 – John Calvin, French religious reformer ( b. 1509 )

* July 10 – John Calvin, French religious reformer ( d. 1564 )

It is evident that the first Rosicrucian manifesto was influenced by the work of the respected hermetic philosopher Heinrich Khunrath, of Hamburg, author of the Amphitheatrum Sapientiae Aeternae ( 1609 ), who was in turn influenced by John Dee, author of the Monas Hieroglyphica ( 1564 ).

Boyle was born at Canterbury 3 October 1566, the second son of Roger Boyle ( d. 24 March 1576 at Preston, near Faversham in Kent ), a descendant of an ancient landed Herefordshire family, and of Joan ( born 15 October 1529 at Canterbury-died 20 March 1586 ), daughter of John Naylor, who were married in Canterbury on 16 October 1564.

John Shakespeare's large half-timbered dwelling, purchased by him in 1556, was in 1564 the birthplace of his son William.

In 1564 he fell temporarily into the royal disfavour and was dismissed from court, because Elizabeth suspected he was concerned in the publication of a pamphlet, A Declaration of the Succession of the Crowne Imperial of Ingland, by John Hales, which favoured the claim of Lady Catherine Grey ( sister of Lady Jane Grey ) to the English throne.

* John Horsey ( died 1564 ) ( 1510-1564 / 65 ), knight of Henry VIII, son of above

* John Holles, 1st Earl of Clare ( 1564 – 1637 ) was comptroller of the household to Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales

Macau was later offered to John III as a reward for the Portuguese assistance against maritime piracy in the period between 1557 and 1564.

Similarly Christian III's youngest son John the Younger gained for himself and his heirs a share in Holstein's and Schleswig's revenues in 1564, comprising a third of the royal share, a ninth of Holstein and Schleswig from a fiscal point of view.

Similar to the above-mentioned agreement Christian III's youngest son John the Younger gained for him and his heirs a share in Holstein's and Schleswig's revenues in 1564, comprising a third of the royal share, thus a ninth of Holstein and Schleswig as to the fiscal point of view.

* John Calvin ( 1509 – 1564 ).

Founded officially on 24 June 1564 by the Spanish Diego de Quijada on the banks of the Grijalva River under the name of Villa Hermosa, in 1826 the village was raised to the rank of city under the name of San Juan Bautista de la Villa Hermosa ( Saint John the Baptist ).

Holles was the third son of John Holles, 1st Earl of Clare ( c. 1564 – 1637 ), by Anne, daughter of Sir Thomas Stanhope.

** John Owen, writer of epigrams ( born 1564 )

Similar to the above-mentioned agreement Christian III's youngest son John the Younger gained for him and his heirs a share in Holstein's and Schleswig's revenues in 1564, seated in Sønderborg, comprising a third of the royal share, thus a ninth of Holstein and Schleswig in fiscal respect.

Arthur Golding was born in East Anglia, before 25 May 1535 / 36, the second son of John Golding of Belchamp St Paul and Halstead, Essex, an auditor of the Exchequer, and his second wife, Ursula ( d. c. 1564 ), in a family of eleven children ( four from John Golding's first wife, Elizabeth ).

It was founded in 1605 by John Casimir, Duke of Saxe-Coburg ( 1564 – 1633 ).

Fleeing the country, he encountered the plague at Pińczów ; three of his four children were carried off ; and he himself, worn out by misfortune, expired in solitude and obscurity at Slavkov in Moravia, about the end of 1564.

Though never himself ordained, he was held in such high esteem by the leaders of the church that he was elected moderator of the general assembly several times ( first in 1564 ), and he was amongst those who in 1588 drew up the Second Book of Discipline.

The policy of repression which in this capacity he pursued during the next five years secured for him many tangible rewards: in 1560 he was elevated to the archepiscopal see of Mechelen, and in 1561 he became a cardinal ; but the growing hostility of a people whose religious convictions he had set himself to oppose ultimately made it impossible for him to continue in the Netherlands ; and on the advice of his royal master he retired to Franche-Comté in March 1564.

In his first book " Apostolos " ( printed in Moscow in 1564 ) he called himself in typical Russian style Ivan Fedorov that is " Ivan, son of Fedor ".

In 1561, Nasi backed Ioan Iacob Heraclid to rule as despot, supported Alexandru Lăpuşneanu's return to the throne in place of Ştefan Tomşa ( 1564 ), and ultimately endorsed Ion Vodă cel Cumplit ( 1572 ); he was himself considered a suitable choice for hospodar of either Moldavia or Wallachia in 1571, but Selim II rejected the proposal.

Against the Danish army, Eric led the army himself at first, but then again turned over command to someone else, this time to Nils Boije, who on 28 August 1564 took Varberg.

After Ferdinand died in 1564, his son Maximilian II became Emperor, and like his father, accepted the existence of Protestantism and the need for occasional compromise with it.

The Italian mathematician, astronomer, and physicist Galileo Galilei ( 1564 – 1642 ) was the central figure in the Scientific Revolution and famous for his support for Copernianism, his astronomical discoveries, and his improvement of the telescope.

On 7 December 2007, Michelangelo's red chalk sketch for the dome of St Peter's Basilica, his last before his death in 1564, was discovered in the Vatican archives.

Nicolaus Copernicus ( 1473 – 1543 ), Kepler ( 1571 – 1630 ), Newton ( 1642 – 1727 ) and Galileo Galilei ( 1564 – 1642 ) all traced different ancient and medieval ancestries for the heliocentric system.

In 1564 Guilliam Boonen came from the Netherlands to be Queen Elizabeth's first coach-builder — thus introducing the new European invention of the spring-suspension coach to England, as a replacement for the litters and carts of an earlier transportation mode.

The average rate for a one room apartment was 568. 85 CHF ( US $ 460, £ 260, € 360 ), a two room apartment was about 725. 13 CHF ( US $ 580, £ 330, € 460 ), a three room apartment was about 904. 51 CHF ( US $ 720, £ 410, € 580 ) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 1564. 78 CHF ( US $ 1250, £ 700, € 1000 ).

Mary's Protestant advisors warmed to the prospect of having Dudley as their prince, and in September 1564 he was created Earl of Leicester, a move, in planning for years, which made him more acceptable to Mary.

On 20 April 1564, it became the port of departure for the French expedition of René Goulaine de Laudonnière to the New World where he created the first French colony at Fort Caroline near present-day Jacksonville, Florida.

Pieter Brueghel the Younger () ( 1564 or 1565, – 10 October 1636 ) was a Flemish painter, known for numerous copies after his father Pieter Brueghel the Elder's paintings and nicknamed " Hell Brueghel " for his fantastic treatments of fire and grotesque imagery.

The term was first recorded in English in 1564 as a title for the king of Persia, with the spelling " Shaw ".

* 1981: 4252 balls, 231 maidens, 1564 runs, 105 wickets for 14. 89 each.

Lennox lived in exile in England for 22 years, returning to Scotland in 1564.

The earliest of his works, a St Jerome dated 1537, in the gallery of Vienna, as well as the latest, a Healing of Tobias of 1564, in the museum of Antwerp, are evidence of his tendency to substitute imitation for originality.

The need to find a scapegoat for calamities such as the Black Plague, which claimed 2, 000 area residents ( 25 % of the city population ) in 1564, led to an escalation in witch-hunting that reached its peak in 1599.

The viceroy died in July 1564, but the Audiencia and López de Legazpi completed the preparations for the expedition.

In 1564, he obtained a grant for Gonville and Caius College to take the bodies of two malefactors annually for dissection ; he was thus an important pioneer in advancing the science of anatomy.

In 1564 – 1566 he accompanied the young king on an extended tour through France ; and in 1566 he was instrumental in the promulgation of an important edict for the reform of abuses in the administration of justice.

Purandara Dasa ( 1480 – 1564 ) is renowned as the father ( Pitamaha ) of Carnatic music for formulating the basic lessons of, and his contributions to Carnatic music.