Upon expulsion of Poles from Moscow in 1612, the Assembly of the Land offered the Russian crown to several Rurik and Gedimin princes, but all of them declined the honour of it.

During the expulsion of Poles from Moscow in 1612, Prince Dmitry Pozharsky entered the Kremlin through the square.

Set in 1612, it tells the story of the Russian peasant and patriotic hero Ivan Susanin who sacrifices his life for the Tsar by leading astray a group of marauding Poles who were hunting him.

For example, on September 22, 1612, the Poles and Lithuanians exterminated the population and clergy of Vologda.

The Poles burnt it to the ground in 1612, Peter the Great had a wooden kremlin demolished, and the town further declined with the transfer of Russian foreign trade from Arkhangelsk to St. Petersburg.

The young king decided to press his brother's claim to the Russian throne even after the Poles had been expelled from Moscow by a patriotic uprising of 1612 and Mikhail Romanov had been elected a new tsar.

Patriarch Hermogenes was starved to death by the Poles in the monastery vaults in 1612.

Subsequently, the pro-Polish Russian faction disappeared, and the war resumed in 1611, with the Poles being ousted from Moscow in 1612 but capturing the important city of Smolensk ( see Siege of Smolensk ( 1609 – 1611 )).

The idea of a Volunteer Army was taken up by Dmitry Pozharsky, who finally delivered Moscow from the Poles in 1612.

With his improvised army he marched on Moscow ( 1612 ) and drove out the Poles, ending the effort of King Sigismund III to subjugate < u > Russia </ u >.

A butcher by trade, he was a key figure, together with Prince Dmitrii Pozharsky in the expulsion of the Poles from Moscow in 1612.

Undoubtedly the most prominent of early Troubetzkoys was Prince Dmitry Timofeievich ( 9th generation from Gediminas ), who helped Prince Dmitry Pozharsky to rise a volunteer army and deliver Moscow from the Poles in 1612.

Georgia and Azerbaijan were ceded to Persia by the treaty of Nasuh Pasha in 1612.

In 1612, Galileo Galilei proposed that with sufficiently accurate knowledge of the orbits of the moons of Jupiter one could use their positions as a universal clock and this would make possible the determination of longitude, but the practical problems of the method he devised were severe and it was never used at sea.

Sunspot activity in 1129 was described by John of Worcester, and Averroes provided a description of sunspots later in the 12th century ; however, these observations were also misinterpreted as planetary transits, until Galileo gave the correct explanation in 1612.

They would, however, have to wait five years before they were married in 1612, on a date selected by the court astrologers as most conducive to ensuring a happy marriage.

The remainder built two new ships: the Deliverance, largely from the material stripped from the Sea Venture ( which sat high-and-dry on the reef, and was still being cannibalised in 1612 – its guns were used to arm a fort ) and the Patience.

King Ralambo ( 1575 – 1612 ) raised the first standing army in the highland Kingdom of Imerina with a handful of guns, although for at least two centuries the armies of the Sakalava were much larger and better equipped, possessing thousands of muskets obtained principally through trade with European partners.

Built by the knight Fra Giorgio Nibbia in 1612, the walls of the chapel were covered with human skulls, bones and even complete skeletons.

In and before the Elizabethan and Jacobean eras, terms like " strumpet " and " whore " were used to describe women deemed promiscuous, as seen for example in John Webster's 1612 play The White Devil.

William Strachey, a secretary of the Jamestown Colony, wrote in his The historie of travaile into Virginia Britannia in 1612 that, at the Indian settlements of Peccarecanick and Ochanahoen, there were reportedly two-story houses with stone walls.

: Under the two Royal Warrants of 1612 and 1613 issued by James I certain privileges were accorded to baronets of England.

The Jesuits were seen as church's soldiers, and, in the view of some, given free rein to use whatever methods as outlined in the forged anti-Catholic document Monita Secreta, also known as the " Secret Instructions of the Jesuits " published ( 1612 and 1614 ) in Kraków, and were also accused of using casuistry to obtain justifications for the unjustifiable in their work ( See: formulary controversy ; Blaise Pascals ' Lettres Provinciales ).

This has occurred since 1612, when the inhabitants of Cedar Key were cursed by a Native American wizard after a clam fisherman had consumated a dolphin.

Based on these contracts some Lutheran churches were reconsecrated as Catholic places of worship ( e. g. Nicholas Church, Elbing in 1612 ).

William Strachey, a secretary of the Jamestown Colony, wrote in The History of Travel Into Virginia Britannia in 1612 that, at the Indian settlements of Peccarecanick and Ochanahoen, there were reportedly two-story houses with stone walls.

Three Latin editions of this ( besides a Dutch, a French and a German edition ) appeared before the end of 1572 ; twenty-five editions came out before Ortelius ' death in 1598 ; and several others were published subsequently, for the atlas continued to be in demand until about 1612.

Three Latin editions of this ( besides a Dutch language | Dutch, a French language | French and a German language | German edition ) appeared before the end of 1572 ; twenty-five editions came out before Ortelius ' death in 1598 ; and several others were published subsequently, for the atlas continued to be in demand till about 1612.

Frederick's advisers in the Electoral Palatinate were worried that if Elizabeth Stuart were married to a Catholic prince, this would upset the confessional balance of Europe, and they were thus determined that she would marry Frederick V. Hans Meinhard von Schönberg, who had served as Frederick V's hofmeister since his return to Heidelberg, was sent to London to court the princess in spring 1612.

While a dissenter from its official Church was only faced with fines and imprisonment in Protestant England, six people were executed for heresy or blasphemy during the reign of Elizabeth I, and two more in 1612 under James I.

These poems were published in 1612 ( see 1612 in poetry ):

Early French attempts to found colonies in 1612 at São Luís (" France Équinoxiale "), and in Brazil, in 1555 at Rio de Janeiro (" France Antarctique ") and in Florida ( including Fort Caroline in 1562 ) were not successful, due to a lack of official interest and to Portuguese and Spanish vigilance.

In the end, the Swedish troops could not handle the situation and were forced to leave Jämtland / Härjedalen in the fall of 1612.

The English word " amputation " was first applied to surgery in the 17th century, possibly first in Peter Lowe's A discourse of the Whole Art of Chirurgerie ( published in either 1597 or 1612 ); his work was derived from 16th century French texts and early English writers also used the words " extirpation " ( 16th century French texts tended to use extirper ), " disarticulation ", and " dismemberment " ( from the Old French desmembrer and a more common term before the 17th century for limb loss or removal ), or simply " cutting ", but by the end of the 17th century " amputation " had come to dominate as the accepted medical term.

The constellation was introduced in 1612 ( or 1613 ) by Petrus Plancius.

The Andromeda Galaxy was independently rediscovered by Simon Marius in 1612.

Imperial power sharply deteriorated by the time of Rudolf's death in 1612.

His publication of Psalms, The Book of Psalmes: Englished both in Prose and Metre with Annotations ( Amsterdam, 1612 ), which includes thirty-nine separate monophonic psalm tunes, constituted the Ainsworth Psalter, the only book of music brought to New England in 1620 by the Pilgrim settlers.

Eventually, Bembo's ideas prevailed, and the foundation of the Accademia della Crusca in Florence ( 1582 – 1583 ), the official legislative body of the Italian language led to publication of Agnolo Monosini's Latin tome Floris italicae linguae libri novem in 1604 followed by the first Italian dictionary in 1612.

Muller ( 1874: pp. 190 – 191 ) took this to mean they had come upon Jan Mayen in 1611 or 1612, which was repeated by many subsequent authors.

The expeditions by Adriaen Block and Hendrick Christiansz in 1611, 1612, 1613 and 1614 resulted in the surveying and charting of the region from the 38th parallel to the 45th parallel.

Rudolf died in 1612, nine months after he had been stripped of all effective power by his younger brother, except the empty title of Holy Roman Emperor, to which Matthias was elected five months later.

In 1648, Poltava was captured by the Ruthenian-Polish magnate Jeremi Wiśniowiecki ( 1612 – 51 ).

The Historia Ecclesiastica was first edited in Greek by Robert Estienne, on the basis of Codex Regius 1443 ( Paris, 1544 ); a translation into Latin by Johannes Christophorson ( 1612 ) is important for its variant readings.

Unfortunately, the book remained obscure and was eclipsed ( so to speak ) by the independent discoveries of and publications about sunspots by Christoph Scheiner in January 1612 and Galileo Galilei in March 1612.

Although well known in his own time, Kyd fell into obscurity until 1773 when Thomas Hawkins ( an early editor of The Spanish Tragedy ) discovered that Kyd was named as its author by Thomas Heywood in his Apologie for Actors ( 1612 ).

( The disputed miscellany The Passionate Pilgrim was only printed in octavo: twice, apparently, in 1599, with an O3 in 1612, all by William Jaggard.

Byrd also contributed eight keyboard pieces to Parthenia ( winter 1612 – 13 ), a collection of 21 keyboard pieces engraved by William Hole and containing music by Byrd, John Bull and Orlando Gibbons.