* 1612 – Galileo Galilei becomes the first astronomer to observe the planet Neptune, although he mistakenly catalogued it as a fixed star.

Sunspot activity in 1129 was described by John of Worcester, and Averroes provided a description of sunspots later in the 12th century ; however, these observations were also misinterpreted as planetary transits, until Galileo gave the correct explanation in 1612.

In a series of published letters in 1612 and 1613, Scheiner had sparred with Galileo over the nature of sunspots and been roundly trounced since Galileo's careful observations indicated that sunspots could not be satellites around the Sun because they often disappear on the disk.

Unfortunately, the book remained obscure and was eclipsed ( so to speak ) by the independent discoveries of and publications about sunspots by Christoph Scheiner in January 1612 and Galileo Galilei in March 1612.

In his book De Phenomenis in Orbe Lunae ( published in Venice in 1612 ) he claimed that the untreated stone ( known as " lapis solaris " and shown to him by Galileo Galilei ) was unable to give off light only after calcination.

Galileo observed Neptune on both December 28, 1612 and January 27, 1613, when it was in a portion of its orbit where it was nearly directly behind Jupiter as seen from Earth.

His publication of Psalms, The Book of Psalmes: Englished both in Prose and Metre with Annotations ( Amsterdam, 1612 ), which includes thirty-nine separate monophonic psalm tunes, constituted the Ainsworth Psalter, the only book of music brought to New England in 1620 by the Pilgrim settlers.

He probably then studied etching with Antonio Tempesta in Florence, where he lived from 1612 to 1621.

From 1605 to 1612, he travelled extensively all over Japan in musha shugyō, a warrior pilgrimage during which he honed his skills with duels.

On April 13, 1612, Musashi ( about age 30 ) fought his duel with Sasaki Kojirō, who was known as " The Demon of the Western Provinces " and who wielded a nodachi.

The war to reduce the barons ' power continued for several years: in 1612 Barbara Sanseverino was executed in the central square of Parma, together with six other nobles charged of plotting against the duke.

1612 – 13 ( co-written with John Fletcher )

In 1612, during Emperor Jahangir's reign, the defeat of Sylhet completed the Mughal conquest of Bengal with the exception of Chittagong.

( The disputed miscellany The Passionate Pilgrim was only printed in octavo: twice, apparently, in 1599, with an O3 in 1612, all by William Jaggard.

The elder Jaggard has seemed an odd choice to many commentators, given his problematical relationship with the Shakespeare canon: Jaggard issued the suspect collection The Passionate Pilgrim in 1599 and 1612, and in 1619 printed the so-called False Folio, ten pirated or spurious Shakespearean plays, some with false dates and title pages.

Bylot returned to Hudson Bay in 1612 with Sir Thomas Button.

King Ralambo ( 1575 – 1612 ) raised the first standing army in the highland Kingdom of Imerina with a handful of guns, although for at least two centuries the armies of the Sakalava were much larger and better equipped, possessing thousands of muskets obtained principally through trade with European partners.

Built by the knight Fra Giorgio Nibbia in 1612, the walls of the chapel were covered with human skulls, bones and even complete skeletons.

On 5 June 1612, he married Catharina Reynst, a daughter of Gerard Reynst, with whom he would have 12 children between 1613 and 1633, each born in Amsterdam.

William Strachey, a secretary of the Jamestown Colony, wrote in his The historie of travaile into Virginia Britannia in 1612 that, at the Indian settlements of Peccarecanick and Ochanahoen, there were reportedly two-story houses with stone walls.

Antoine was heavily in debt and in 1455, sold the château to Jacques d ’ Espinay, son of a chamberlain to the Duke of Brittany and himself chamberlain to the king ; Espinay built the chapel, completed by his son Charles in 1612, in which the Flamboyant Gothic style is mixed with new Renaissance motifs, and began the process of rebuilding the fifteenth-century château that resulted in the sixteenth-seventeenth century aspect of the structure to be seen today.

William Baffin explored the Arctic circle, the earliest mention of his name occurs in 1612, in connection with Denmark's King Christian IV's Expeditions to Greenland under the command of Captain James Hall, whom he accompanied as chief pilot.

The Recollect friars, founded in 1588 as a reform movement of the Augustinian friars in Spain, became autonomous in 1612 with their first Prior General, Enrique de la Sagrada.

In 1612, he met Théophile de Viau when de Viau's troupe visited Angoulême, and fled from home with the troupe.

Philip pictured with his older sister, Anne of Austria | Anne in 1612 by Bartolomé González y Serrano.

William Strachey, a secretary of the Jamestown Colony, wrote in The History of Travel Into Virginia Britannia in 1612 that, at the Indian settlements of Peccarecanick and Ochanahoen, there were reportedly two-story houses with stone walls.

After being a choir-boy he went on to study law at Marburg before going to Venice from 1609 – 1612 to study music with Giovanni Gabrieli.

In 1612 a little church was created in the attic of a farmhouse that was kept from the knowledge of authorities because Roman Catholicism was forbidden at that time.

Around 1612 he visited the chapter at Warmia and with the knowledge of Prince-Bishop Simon Rudnicki took from there a number of letters and documents in order to publish them, which he never did.

* 1612 – The " Samlesbury witches ", three women from the Lancashire village of Samlesbury, England, are put on trial, accused for practicing witchcraft, one of the most famous witch trials in English history.

Dowland was dismissed in 1606 and returned to England ; in early 1612 he secured a post as one of James I's lutenists.

According to one tradition, during the Dissolution of the Monasteries his body was thrown into the nearby River Soar, although other evidence suggests that a memorial stone was visible in 1612, in a garden built on the site of Greyfriars.

1612 – 13 ) as being characteristic of the late romances, but still considers it one of the histories.

The papacy itself was never quite sure where Anne stood ; in 1612, Pope Paul V advised a nuncio: " Not considering the inconstancy of that Queen and the many changes she had made in religious matters and that even if it might be true that she might be a Catholic, one should not take on oneself any judgement.

Strachey wrote in 1612 that four English men, two boys, and one maid had been sighted at the Eno settlement of Ritanoc, under the protection of a chief called Eyanoco.

These included several attempts by Franciscans between 1604 and 1612 ; another one led by Fray Cristóbal Martinez in 1622, and a third one between 1667 and 1675.

Gans wrote two books on astronomy: a short one " Magen David " ( 1612 ) and a full one " Nehmad veNaim " ( published only in 1743 ).

Contact between Europeans and the Beothuk was usually negative for one side, with a few exceptions like John Guy's party in 1612.

One of the first recorded poets of the British colonies was Anne Bradstreet ( 1612 – 1672 ), who remains one of the earliest known women poets who wrote in English.

However, after the city sent huge military forces to support the second home guard, it remained without sufficient protection, and on September 22, 1612 one of the Lithuanian extortionate groups seized Vologda without effort.

The Place des Vosges in Paris ( 1605 – 1612 ) is one of the early examples of the style.

The Place des Vosges ( 1605 – 1612 ) was one of the earliest examples of the style.

Salisbury, who died in 1612, praised Suffolk's friendship in his will ; and upon his death, Suffolk was appointed one of the Lords of the Treasury.

Dean Monro makes no mention of Gometra or Ulva in his 1549 work A Description Of The Western Isles of Scotland but both are referred to briefly by John Monipennie c. 1612, stating of the latter that " about 300 paces from this island, lyeth Gomatra, two miles long and one mile broad ".

The printed fechtbuch of Jacob Sutor ( 1612 ) is one of the last in the German tradition.

They had one son, Edward ( c. 1613-1656 ), and four daughters-Frances ( b. 1612 ), Rachel, Ann ( d. 1642 ) and Barbara ( d. 1619 ).

In 1612 James I sanctioned the building by Sir John's grandson, another Sir John, of two almshouses, one on the south of the church for men, and one on the north of the church for women.

Largely in response to the two attempts of France to conquer territory in Brazil ( the other one was named France Équinoxiale and occupied present-day São Luís, state of Maranhão ), between 1612 and 1615, the Portuguese crown decided to expand its colonization efforts in Brazil.

Hugh Green, who became Chideock's chaplain in 1612, was one of the many Catholic martyrs in the events leading up to the civil war ; he was executed in 1642, after conviction.

* It was also the birthplace of Isaac de Benserade, French poet ( 1612 – 1691 ), who was one of the first intellectuals in France to evoke female homosexuality in a theater play.