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In 1644 the Aberystwyth obverse was used to produce a coin with the reverse showing the Declaration of Oxford: – The religion of the Protestants, the laws of England, the liberty of Parliament 1644, while around the outside of the coin is the legend – Let God arise and His enemies be scattered.
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1644 and Aberystwyth
Coins were produced at the Oxford mint between 1644 and 1646, using the Aberystwyth dies for the obverse, while the reverse of the 1644 coin shows the Declaration of Oxford in three lines: – The religion of the Protestants, the laws of England, the liberty of Parliament.
1644 and was
Their robust Calvinism was publicized in such confessions as the London Baptist Confession of 1644 and the Second London Confession of 1689.
The monument was started in 1640, and mostly completed by 1644.
It was quickly reconstructed between 1634 and 1638, and further between 1643 and 1644.
The Pian Breviary was again altered by Sixtus V in 1588, who introduced the revised Vulgate, in 1602 by Clement VIII ( through Baronius and Bellarmine ), especially as concerns the rubrics ; and by Urban VIII ( 1623 – 1644 ), a purist who altered the text of certain hymns.
The Qing Dynasty ( 1644 – 1911 ) was the last imperial dynasty in China.
In 1644 he was found guilty of treason and beheaded, with the baronetcy forfeited.
Despite the arguably greater architectural inventiveness of Borromini and Cortona, Bernini's artistic pre-eminence, particularly during the reigns of popes Urban VIII ( 1623 – 1644 ) and Alexander VII ( 1655 – 1665 ), meant he was able to secure the most important commission in the Rome of his day, St. Peter's Basilica.
George Gordon, 1st Earl of Aberdeen ( 6 October 1637 – 20 April 1720 ), Lord Chancellor of Scotland, was the second son of Sir John Gordon, 1st Baronet, of Haddo, Aberdeenshire, ( executed in 1644 ); by his wife, Mary Forbes.
Inoculation was reportedly not widely practised in China until the reign of the Longqing Emperor ( r. 1567 – 1572 ) during the Ming Dynasty ( 1368 – 1644 ), as written by Yu Tianchi in his Shadou jijie ( 痧痘集解 ) of 1727, which he alleges was based on Wang Zhangren's Douzhen jinjing lu ( 痘疹金鏡錄 ) of 1579.
In 1644 he was in the lower Rhine country, but he returned to Mercy's headquarters in time to take a brilliant share in the battle of Freiburg.
The castle was taken by Parliamentarian troops in 1644 during the Civil War, and largely destroyed in 1648 not as the result of warfare, but because of an order from Parliament to dismantle all Royalist castles.
John Milton's pamphlet Areopagitica, a Speech for the Liberty of Unlicensed Printing, published in 1644, was one of the first publications advocating freedom of the press.
The charge was brought up again at the national synod of Charenton in 1644, when he was again acquitted.
Maria Eleonora's brother George William was flattered by the offer of the British Crown Prince and proposed their younger sister Catherine ( 1602 – 1644 ) as a more suitable wife for the Swedish king.
Ole Christensen Rømer (; 25 September 1644, Århus – 19 September 1710, Copenhagen ) was a Danish astronomer who in 1676 made the first quantitative measurements of the speed of light.
Rømer was born on 25 September 1644 in Århus to a merchant and skipper, Christen Pedersen, and Anna Olufsdatter Storm, daughter of an alderman.
The most famous exponent of the haiku was Matsuo Bashō ( 1644 – 1694 ).
File: Evangelista Torricelli2. jpg | Evangelista Torricelli ( 1608-1647 ): invented the barometer ( a glass tube of mercury inverted into a dish ), found that the change of height of the mercury each day was from atmospheric pressure, worked in geometry and developed integral calculus, published findings on fluid and projectile motion in his 1644 Opera Geometrica ( Geometric Works )
At the request of the Venetian Republic, Ottoboni was made Cardinal-Priest of San Salvatore in Lauro by Pope Innocent X ( 1644 – 55 ) in 1652, and was later given the bishopric of Brescia, in Venetian territory, where he quietly spent the best years of middle life.
During the reign of Pope Innocent X ( 1644 – 55 ), who was hostile to the Barberini and their adherents, Rospigliosi continued his appointment as papal nuncio to the court of Spain.
Pope Urban VIII ( baptised 5 April 1568 – 29 July 1644 ), born Maffeo Barberini, was pope from 1623 to 1644.
1644 and used
The term " Jewish-Christian " had been used in this sense as early as 1785 in Richard Watson's essay " The Teaching and Witness of the Holy Spirit ", and " Jewish Christian " ( as an adjective ) as early as 1644 in William Rathband's A Briefe Narration of Some Church Courses.
After the Manchu Qing Dynasty overthrew the Ming in 1644, Ming loyalist Koxinga, used Xiamen as a base to launch counterattacks against the invading Manchus from 1650 to 1660.
During the Ming Dynasty ( AD 1368 – 1644 ), physician Wu Juei wrote that the mushroom could be used not only as a food but as a medicinal mushroom, taken as a remedy for upper respiratory diseases, poor blood circulation, liver trouble, exhaustion and weakness, and to boost qi, or life energy.
* Stuart House ( on The Parade ) was used by Charles I as a lodging in 1644, when his forces were chasing the Parliamentarians.
They were abolished in 1644 by the Directory of Public Worship promulgated by the English Civil War Parliamentary regime, but continued to be used in some parishes in the north of England.
Jean Rousseau ( 1 October 1644 – 1 June 1699 ) was a French viol player, theorist, composer, and author remembered principally for his Traité de la viole ( 1687 ), a valuable source of information on the performance practices of his time, as well as on techniques used in the construction of viols ( Green 2001 ).
He had been known to have despised William Laud, who had him committed to the Fleet for refusing to read the Declaration of Sports after his services in Church, and his objections to the book were used in Laud's trial for treason, in 1644.
Chökhor Raptentse Dzong at Trongsa which was built in 1644, used to be the seat of power of the Wangchuck dynasty before it became rulers of Bhutan in 1907.
Many spellings have been used over the centuries, such as Lamburnan ( 880 AD ), Lamburna ( 1086 AD ), Lamborne ( 1644 AD ) and Lambourne.
By springing a mine and ruining the building, he finally dislodged the enemy under General Edmund Ludlow in March 1644, eventually destroying it to prevent it being used as a fortress.
In September 1644 Castle Dore was used by Royalist troops during the Battle of Lostwithiel in the English Civil War.
One in particular on the north wall, shows by its shape, the direction of fire, indicating the direction of the cannons used in the 1644 siege, four 32 pounders, borrowed for the occasion.
Some material from The World was revised for publication as Principia philosophiae or Principles of Philosophy ( 1644 ), a Latin textbook at first intended by Descartes to replace the Aristotelian textbooks then used in universities.
During the Qing Dynasty ( 1644 – 1911 ), silver ingots were still used, but various foreign silver dollars had become popular in the Southern coastal region through foreign trade since the mid-Qing era.
From the Yongle era ( 1402 – 1424 ) until the mid-Qing dynasty ( 1644 – 1912 ), the eastern sections of the southern moat system were used as canals for the transportation of staple foods entering the city.
Tockwith's greatest claim to fame is being used as a staging post by Oliver Cromwell prior to the Battle of Marston Moor in 1644.
1644 and coin
1644 Oxford, while around the outside of the coin is the legend – Let God arise and His enemies be scattered.
Poets of the 17th century associated the olive with peace and a Charles I gold coin of 1644 shows the monarch with sword and olive branch.
1644 and with
However, the Ming Dynasty would be overthrown by Li Zicheng's peasants rebellion, with Beijing captured in 1644 and the last Ming Emperor Chongzhen committing suicide.
A Scottish Civil War began in September 1644 with his victory at battle of Tippermuir.
In 1644, the islanders were faced with many months of hardships, due to delayed shipment of supplies, bad harvests and cyclones.
In 1644 Sigmund Staden produced the first Singspiel, a popular form of German-language opera in which singing alternates with spoken dialogue.
Smoking of opium came on the heels of tobacco smoking and may have been encouraged by a brief ban on the smoking of tobacco by the Ming emperor, ending in 1644 with the Qing dynasty, which had encouraged smokers to mix in increasing amounts of opium.
Later Rospigliosi worked closely with Pope Urban VIII ( 1623 – 1644 ), a Barberini Pope, where he worked in the Papal diplomacy as nuncio to Spain, among other posts.
The position led to a lifelong association with the Spaniards which was of great use during the Papal Conclave of 1644.
This led to securing the offices of protonotary apostolic, president of the apostolic chamber, commissary of the Marco di Roma, and governor of Macerata ; on 6 March 1645, Pope Innocent X ( 1644 – 55 ) made him Cardinal-Deacon with the deaconry of Santi Cosma e Damiano.
The name was officially applied to the island in 1644 with these words: " Aquethneck shall be henceforth called the Isle of Rodes or Rhode-Island.
He is perhaps best known for the philosophical statement " Cogito ergo sum " (; ), found in part IV of Discourse on the Method ( 1637 – written in French but with inclusion of " Cogito ergo sum ") and § 7 of part I of Principles of Philosophy ( 1644 – written in Latin ).
In 1644, Marin Mersenne calculated that a pendulum with a length of 39. 1 inches ( 0. 994 m ) would have a period at one standard gravity of precisely two seconds, one second for a swing forward and one second for the return swing, enabling such a pendulum to tick in precise seconds.
During the Ming Dynasty ( AD 1368 – 1644 ), the Chinese were very concerned with city planning in regards to gunpowder warfare.
A connection of the medieval feis of Samhain with pre-Christian traditions was drawn by the " notoriously unreliable " Geoffrey Keating ( died 1644 ), who claimed that the druids of Ireland would assemble on the night of Samhain to kindle a sacred fire.
; Saybrook Colony: Founded in 1635 and merged with Connecticut Colony in 1644.
* The Manchu tribal leader Nurhaci breaks his relations with the Ming Dynasty of China, then under the aloof and growingly negligent Wanli Emperor ; Nurhaci's line later becomes the emperors of the Qing Dynasty which overthrows the short-lived Shun Dynasty in 1644 and the remnants of the Ming throne in 1662.
His next publication was Mr. Cotton's Letter lately Printed, Examined and Answered ( London, 1644 ; reprinted, with Cotton's letter, which it answered, in Publications of the Narragansett Club, vol.
In 1644 the population of Barbados was estimated at 30, 000, of this amount about 800 were of African descent, with the remainder mainly of English descent.
In 1644, after the Ming Dynasty's capital of Beijing was sacked by the peasant rebels, the Jurchens ( now called Manchus ) allied with Ming general Wu Sangui and seized control of Beijing, overthrowing the short-lived Shun Dynasty and establishing Qing Dynasty rule ( 1644 – 1912 ) over all of China.
The Jesuit Nicolas Caussin, former spiritual director to Louis XIII, was charged by his order with writing a defense against Arnauld's book, titled Réponse au libelle intitulé La Théologie morale des Jésuites ( 1644 ).
* Saybrook Colony, founded 1635, merged with Connecticut in 1644
Joan's is the smaller of the two tombs ; both were decorated with brass plates — full-length representations of them on the tops, and small shields bearing coats of arms around the sides — but those were damaged or destroyed in 1644 during the English Civil War.
He also performed extensive experiments to determine the acceleration of falling objects by comparing them with the swing of pendulums, reported in his Cogitata Physico-Mathematica in 1644.
Velázquez was in constant and close attendance on Philip, accompanying him in his journeys to Aragon in 1642 and 1644, and was doubtless present with him when he entered Lerida as a conqueror.
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