During the war between Moscow and Poland-Lithuania ( 1654 – 1667 ) the city suffered heavily from the attacks of the Muscovite army under Prince Volkolnsky and its allied army of Ukrainian Cossacks.

The Treaty of Pereyaslav ( Pereiaslav ) was concluded in 1654 in the Ukrainian city of Pereyaslav ( Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi nowadays ), at a meeting between the Cossacks of the Zaporizhian Host and Tsar Alexey I of Tsardom of Russia, during the Khmelnytsky rebellion.

In 1654 Moscow troops of Tsar Alexey Mikhailovich invaded the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ( a union between the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, formed in 1569 ), and on July 11, 1655, the cossacks of Ukrainian Getman Zalatarenka burned down Koidanova and killed all its inhabitants.

Russian and some Polish sources give the end date of the uprising as 1654, indicating that the Treaty of Pereyaslav is seen as the treaty ending the war ; Ukrainian sources give the date as Khmelnytsky's death in 1657 ; and few Polish sources give the date as 1655 and the battle of Jezierna.

Ivan Vyhovsky ( Ukrainian: Іван Виговський, Polish: Iwan Wyhowski ) ( date of birth unknown, died 1664 ) was a hetman ( or otoman ) of the Ukrainian Cossacks during three years ( 1657 – 59 ) of the Russo-Polish War ( 1654 – 1667 ).

It was a Commonwealth attempt to regain influence over the Ukrainian territories, lost after the series of Cossack uprisings ( like the Khmelnytsky uprising ) and growing influence of Muscovy over the Cossacks ( like the 1654 Treaty of Pereyaslav ).

He was assisted by Axel Oxenstierna ( 1583 – 1654 ), leader of the nobles who also acted as regent after his death.

In January 1654, when the last of the ceremonial offices formerly belonging to the rebel leader Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de Condé were disposed of, Prince Thomas Francis was made Grand Maitre.

In January 1654, when the last of the ceremonial offices formerly belonging to the rebel leader Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de Condé were disposed of, Prince Thomas was made Grand Maitre.

The city, however, faced numerous invasions, including the siege by the Cossacks led by Bohdan Khmelnytsky in 1648, the leader of the uprising against the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ( 1648 – 1654 ) which resulted in the creation of a Cossack state, and during the Swedish Deluge in 1656.

The leader of the Scottish Royalists, the Earl of Glencairn surrendered to Monck in September 1654 after the Battle of Dalnaspidal.

In January 1654, the anti-Polish alliance of Pereiaslav was concluded between the rebellious Cossack Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky and Alexis of Russia, who was in control of a well-equipped army that was undergoing modernization.

Close associate and friend of Bohdan Khmelnytsky, he opposed both the pacts with Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ( Treaty of Hadziacz of 1658 ) and with Tsardom of Russia ( Treaty of Pereyaslav of 1654 ).

The Myrhorod Cossack regiment was among the best units in the army of Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky during the Khmelnytsky Uprising ( 1648 – 1654 ).

But in 1648 beginning of the Khmelnytsky Uprising in Ukraine, at this time in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, which continues until 1654, and results is concluded in the city of Pereyaslav during the meeting between the Cossacks of the Zaporozhian Host and Tsar Alexey I of Russia the Treaty of Pereyaslav.

* January – The beginning of the Khmelnytsky Uprising in Ukraine, at this time in the Republic of Both Nations ( Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ), which continues until 1654, and results, among other things, in the massacre of an estimated 20, 000 Jews.

The hostilities resumed in 1654 when the Commonwealth was being affected by the Khmelnytsky Uprising and the Swedish invasion.

Galicia was many times subjected to incursions by Tartars and Ottoman Turkey in the 16th and 17th centuries, however they were driven out, devastated during the Khmelnytsky Uprising ( 1648 – 1654 ), the Russo-Polish War ( 1654 – 1667 ), and inconvenienced by Swedish invasions during The Deluge ( 1655 – 1660 ), and the Swedes returned during the Great Northern War of the early 18th century.

Weakened by wars, in 1654 Khmelnytsky persuaded the Cossacks to ally with the Russian tsar in the Treaty of Pereyaslav, which led to the Russo-Polish War ( 1654-1667 ).

Chernihiv ( Chernigov, Czernihów ) Voivodeship () was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Kingdom of Poland ( Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ) from 1635 until Khmelnytsky Uprising in 1648 ( but technically existed up until 1654 ).

Elected hetman upon the death of Khmelnytsky, Vyhovsky sought to find a counterbalance to the pervasive Russian influence present in Ukraine after the 1654 Treaty of Pereyaslav.

It was in Baturyn that Hetman Ivan Briukhovetsky signed the Baturyn Statutes in 1663, which further elaborated the treaty with the Tsardom of Russia which Khmelnytsky had initiated with the Treaty of Pereyaslav in 1654.

Negotiations began in January 1654 in Pereiaslav between Khmelnytsky, numerous cossacks and on the Muscovite side led Vasily Buturlin, and concluded in April in Moscow by the Ruthenians Samiilo Bohdanovych-Zarudny, and Pavlo Teteria and by Aleksey Trubetskoy, Vasilii Buturlin, and other Muscovite boyars.

In January 1654 Khmelnytsky decided to sign the Treaty of Pereyaslav with Tsardom of Russia to obtain a military support against the Polish Crown.

He defeated the strange bill which sought to exclude lawyers from parliament ; and to the sweeping and ill-considered changes in the court of chancery proposed by Cromwell and the council he offered an unbending and honorable resistance, being dismissed in consequence, together with his colleague Sir Thomas Widdrington, on 6 June 1654 from his commissionership of the Great Seal ( see William Lenthall ).

In 1654 he offered to carry the fleet over to the king, but in October of the same year he had no scruple in accepting the naval command in the expedition to the West Indies sent out by Cromwell.

In May he escaped abroad and, in 1654, took part in the Highland rebellion and was exempted from Cromwell's Act of Grace, a reward of 200 guineas being offered for his capture, dead or alive.

In 1654 it was described by the author John Evelyn as " a stately place ... built out of the ruins of the Bishop's Palace and cloisters.

In 1654, during Glencairn's rising against the occupation of Scotland by Oliver Cromwell, a skirmish took place at Doune between Royalists under Sir Mungo Murray, and Cromwellian troops under Major Tobias Bridge.

In 1654 it was described by the author John Evelyn as " a stately place ... built out of the ruins of the Bishop's Palace and cloisters.

Between 1651 and 1654 a royalist rising took place in Scotland.

This battle, which took place on 16 May 1654, was the first of a series of tough battles just inside the mouth of the Dardanelles Strait, as Venice and sometimes the other Christian forces attempted to hold the Turks back from their invasion of Crete by attacking them early.

The first Friends meeting in Ireland took place in Edmundson's home there in 1654.

In 1654 the place nearby what is now Labo river was known to the community as center of trade and commerce aside from religious festivities being conducted by Spanish missionaries for the cause of Christianity.

Moll's exact place of origin is unknown, although his birth year is generally accepted to be the year 1654.

* January 20 – Russo-Polish War ( 1654 – 1667 ): Poland cedes Kiev, Smolensk, and eastern Ukraine to Russia in the Treaty of Andrusovo, which puts a final end to Poland's status as a Central European power.

This uprising distanced Cossacks from the Commonwealth sphere of influence, only to make them subject to the Tsardom of Russia under the Treaty of Pereyaslav ( 1654 ), and established their realm as Left-bank Ukraine in 1667 under the Treaty of Andrusovo, and the Eternal Peace Treaty of 1686.

They called the newly settled region the Sloboda Ukraine or Slobozhanshchina ( as the area is still sometimes called ) and ruled it from the newly established fortress-city of Kharkiv ( founded 1654 ).

The term was adopted in seventeenth century by Tsardom of Russia to refer to the Cossack Hetmanate of Left-bank Ukraine, when the latter fell under Russian protection after the Treaty of Pereyaslav ( 1654 ).

Muscovy and the Ukraine: From the Pereiaslavl Agreement to the Truce of Andrusovo, 1654 – 1667 ( Berkeley and Los Angeles 1963 )

It was also within the Palace of Facets that the Zemsky Sobor which resulted in the Treaty of Pereyaslav uniting the Russian Empire with the Ukraine was held in 1654.

The Truce of Andrusovo (,,, Andrusivs ’ ke Peremyr ” ya, also sometimes known as Treaty of Andrusovo ) was a thirteen and a half year truce, signed in 1667 between Tsardom of Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, which were at war since 1654 over the territories of modern-day Ukraine and Belarus.

At the heart of the storyline backplot and that of Flint's Eastern European thread is the Chmielnicki Rebellion, refers to a rebellion or war of liberation in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ( present-day Ukraine ), which raged from 1648 – 1654 and involved massive anti-semitic pogroms.