In 1659 the city was captured by the Swedes and relieved by an expeditionary fleet sent by the Dutch, then Denmark's allies, commanded by admiral De Ruyter.

The war eventually concluded soon after Turenne's victory at the Battle of the Dunes near Dunkirk in 1658, in which a corps of English veterans sent by France's ally Oliver Cromwell played a notable part ( 3 – 14 June ); a victory which, followed by another successful campaign in 1658, led to the peace of the Pyrenees in 1659.

According to a 1659 letter to Thomas Greaves from Edward Pococke ( who, on his book-hunting travels for archbishop William Laud, had met Lucaris ) many of the choicest manuscripts from Lucaris ' library were saved by the Dutch ambassador who sent them by ship to Holland.

After the peace of the Pyrenees ( 1659 ), the independence of Portugal was threatened by Spain, and Schomberg was sent as military adviser to Lisbon with the secret approval of Charles II of England.

Jacob Roggeveen ( 1 February 1659, Middelburg-31 January 1729, Middelburg ) was a Dutch explorer who was sent to find Terra Australis, but he instead came across Easter Island.

From 1587 to 1659, they were ruled by Ottoman pashas, sent from Constantinople to govern for three years ; but in the latter year a military revolt in Algiers reduced the pashas to nonentities.

In 1659 the traveler Evliya Çelebi was sent to the island with the task of collecting game for the Sultan Mehmed IV.

The regiment was part of the army that sieged and captured Marienburg in 1656, after which one of the battalions was sent to reinforce the garrison in Riga while the other participated in the attack on Copenhagen in 1659.

36 of the 64 members of the crew survived the shipwreck, and the men were promptly taken into custody and sent to Seoul ( where the king was Hyojong of Joseon, who ruled from 1649 to 1659 ).

The 5th Dalai Lama sent several governors in 1656 and 1659.

When the Dutch sent a new squadron and army to liberate the Danish Isles in 1659 it was commanded by Vice-Admiral De Ruyter.

Because he had shared half of the bounty of his 1659 raid, about a quarter of a million pounds, with the buccaneers against the explicit orders of Edward D ' Oyley, the English Commander of Jamaica, he was arrested for embezzlement and on the Marston Moor sent back to England in 1660.

These reforms were all reversed, however, after Cromwell's death and the last parliament to be elected in the Commonwealth period in 1659 reverted to the electoral system as it had existed under Charles I.

Parliament on a similar petition recommended the repealing of the act, and the recommendation was carried by the restored Long parliament, 15 Aug. 1659.

When Fleetwood and Lambert declared against the parliament, to their surprise Monck not only refused to join them but on 20 October 1659 took measures to actively oppose them.

When Richard Cromwell dissolved parliament on 22 April 1659 and recalled the Rump Parliament ( dissolved by Oliver Cromwell in 1653 ), Cooper attempted to revive his claim to sit as member for Downton.

In June 1632 Morton became bishop of Durham, which he held by canonical right until his death in 1659, although parliament claimed to deprive him of it in 1647.

When this parliament was dissolved following pressure from the army in April 1659, the Rump Parliament was recalled at the insistence of the surviving army grandees.

In Richard Cromwell's parliament of 1659 Argyll sat as member for Aberdeenshire.

* Thomas Andrews ( regicide ) ( died 1659 ), English financier who supported the parliament cause during the English Civil War

After Oliver Cromwell's death Ludlow was returned for Hindon in Richard's parliament of 1659, but opposed the continuance of the protectorate.

Returning to England again in October 1659, he endeavoured to support the original republican cause by reconciling the army to the parliament.

He sat in Richard Cromwell's parliament for Member of Parliament for Dublin City, and endeavoured to take his seat in the restored Rump Parliament of 1659.

* Andrew Archer ( 1659 – 1741 ), British landowner and member of parliament

In spite of considerable Roman Catholic Clergy opposition, the Treaty of Hadiach was approved by Polish king and parliament ( Sejm ) on 22 May 1659, but with an emended text.

Hedwig Eleonora left for Gothenburg in December 1659, where the Swedish parliament was to assemble in January 1660.

He took his seat again in that assembly when the army recalled it to power ( May 1659 ), and when John Lambert expelled it ( October 1659 ) prepared to restore its authority by arms, he secretly raised men, and concerted with Francis Hacker and others to assist George Monck and Arthur Hesilrige against Lambert and his party, In his place in parliament he opposed the intended oath abjuring the Stuarts, voted for the re-admission of the secluded members, and followed the lead of Monck and Cooper, in the belief that they were in favour of a Commonwealth.

French control over the area was gradually established-Artois was annexed in 1659, and most of the current Nord department had been acquired by the Treaty of Nijmegen in 1678.

In 1659, the royalist Anglican theologian ( later Bishop of Rochester ) Thomas Sprat made his witty and literary reputation with his satirical poem To the Happie Memory of the most Renowned Prince Oliver, Lord Protector, clearly mocking Cromwell's legal status.

In 1659 a fire devastated most of the town and damaged St Edmund's Church, whose original structure dated from the 12th century.

The Red Velvet Room once contained the largest and most expensive paintings in Lord Burlington's collection, including paintings by Sir Anthony van Dyck ( 1599 – 1641 ), Giacomo Cavedone ( 1577 – 1660 ), Peter Paul Rubens ( 1573 – 1640 ), Rembrandt van Ryn ( 1606 – 69 ), Salvator Rosa ( 1615 – 1673 ), Pier Francesco Mola ( 1612 – 1666 ), Jacopo Ligozzi ( c. 1547 – 1632 ), Jean Lemaire ( 1598 – 1659 ), Francisque Millet ( 1642 – 79 ) and Leonardo da Vinci ( 1452 – 1519 ).

In 1659, the Treaty of the Pyrenees stopped the Thirty Years ’ War and most frontier cities became French, until Napoleon ’ s defeat at Waterloo and the Treaty of Paris ( 1815 ).

In the preceding year he had gained a reputation by his poem To the Happie Memory of the most Renowned Prince Oliver, Lord Protector ( London, 1659 ), and he was afterwards well known as a wit, preacher and man of letters.

He was elected MP for Leicester for the Third Protectorate Parliament in 1659 and became one of the most influential men in both the Council of State and Parliament.

His other most famous work was the epic of Alaric ( 1659 ).

His most important original works are: Les Vies des poètes Grecs ( 1665 ); Méthode pour commencer les humanités Grecques et latines ( 2nd ed., 1731 ), of which several English adaptations have appeared ; and Epistolae Criticae ( 1659 ).

Amongst all Catalonian bishoprics, the Diocese of Urgell has been that which has experienced the most border-related changes throughout its existence, mainly for political reasons: the loss of Ribagorça ( 9th century ), to the benefit of the Diocese of Roda, and the cession of 144 parishes of the Berguedà, the Solsonès and a part of the Segarra, to the benefit of the new diocese of Solsona ( 1593-1623 ); later, it was necessary to adapt the territory to the borders between states, and thus in 1803, the 24 parishes of French Cerdagne, which had been ceded to France from the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659, also passed ecclesiastically to that country ; and in 1804, the 28 from the Aran Valley, a territory circumscribed by France yet united fully to the Catalan-Aragonese territories at least since the 12th century, were annexed to the diocese of Urgell, coming from the eliminated Gascon diocese of Sant Bertran de Comenge.

Willenhall suffered its very own great fire in 1659, when most of the town centre was devastated.

In 1659, the Treaty of the Pyrenees was concluded, which ceded most of the Artois to France, except Saint-Omer and Aire-sur-la-Lys.

Howell's Proverbs ( 1659 ), contains probably his most famous quote ; All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

On 14 April 1659 she married Roger Palmer ( later 1st Earl of Castlemaine ) against his family's wishes ; his father predicted that she would make him one of the most miserable men in the world.

On 14 April 1659 he married Barbara Villiers against his family's wishes ; his father predicting at the time of the wedding that she would make him one of the most miserable men in the world.

His public career closes with addresses delivered in his capacity as chief commissioner of the great seal at the beginning of the sessions of 20 January 1658, and 2 January 1659, in which the religious basis of Cromwell's government is especially insisted upon, the feature to which Fiennes throughout his career had attached most value.

He suppressed the revolts some of the Anatolian governors of provinces, most notably the revolt of Abaza Hasan Pasha, the ruler of Aleppo and of Ahmed Pasha, Kenan Pasha, Ali Mirza Pasha, Ferhad Pasha, Mustafa Pasha in 1658 – 1659.

In 1659, they were defeated by the Iroquois and most migrated southwest for safety, where they settled with Odawa and Illinois tribes.

Hallgrímur Pétursson's most notable work is Passion Hymns ( Passíusálmar or, in full, " Historia pínunnar og dauðans Drottins vors Jesú Kristí, með hennar sérlegustu lærdóms -, áminningar-og huggunargreinum, ásamt bænum og þakkargjörðum, í sálmum og söngvísum með ýmsum tónum samsett og skrifuð anno 1659 ": " The history of the pain and death of our Lord, Jesus Christ, with its special learning, reminding, and consoling articles, with prayers and praises, in psalms and songs with misc.

Translations into English, either in whole or in part, were made by John Vicars in Epigrams of that most wittie and worthie epigrammatist Mr. Iohn Owen, Gentleman ( 1619 ); by Thomas Pecke, in his Parnassi Puerperium ( 1659 ); and by Thomas Harvey in The Latine epigrams of John Owen ( 1677 ), which is the most complete.

The manuscript ' B ' ( ms. ' B 55 ', B for Bombay ) that is the basis for most surviving copies and translations is dated 1659 and which its editor reconstructed from a partially destroyed work.

In spite of his near relationship to the Protectors family, he was one of the most violent opponents of the assumption by Cromwell of the royal title, and after the Protector's death, instead of supporting the interests and government of his nephew Richard Cromwell, he was, with Charles Fleetwood, the chief instigator and organizer of the hostility of the army towards his administration, and forced Richard Cromwell by threats and menaces to dissolve his Third Protectorate Parliament in April 1659.

In 1659 Bolland received assistance from a third Jesuit, Daniel van Papenbroek, who in the end did most of the work for the 18 volumes of the Acta Sanctorum.