After seven months the Grandees in the New Model Army removed him and, on 6 May 1659, they reinstalled the Rump Parliament.

On 12 May 1689 the Dutch and the Holy Roman Emperor had signed an offensive compact in Vienna, the aims of which were no less than to force France back to her borders as they were at the end of the Thirty Years War ( 1648 ), and the Franco-Spanish War ( 1659 ), thus depriving Louis XIV of all his gains since his assumption of power.

Governor William Jones ( 1624 – 1706 ) in 1659 ; Theophilus Eaton Jr., or Ellis as he was known, settled in Dublin, Ireland and married an Anne King ; and Elizabeth died in London in March 1637 before they had departed for the colonies.

It consisted of the publication of the solutions of John Wallis and Lord Brouncker, in his edition of Thomas Branker's Translation of Rhonius's Algebra ( 1668 ); added to his earlier editorial contributions, whatever they were, to the 1659 algebra book written by Rahn ( i. e. Rhonius ).

The famous Mughal generals Sheikh Mīr and Shāhnawāz Khān were buried in the enclosure of Moinuddin Chishtī's Maqbara after they died in the Battle of Deorai in 1659.

In 1659, the mission moved into the forest in tribal lands Guahibos, TuneBase, Aeric and Chirico, where they founded new towns.

From 1587 to 1659, they were ruled by Ottoman pashas, sent from Constantinople to govern for three years ; but in the latter year a military revolt in Algiers reduced the pashas to nonentities.

The completion of the houses that surrounded it proceeded at a leisurely pace, interrupted by the English Civil War: In 1659 James Cooper, Robert Henley, and Francis Finch and other owners of " certain parcels of ground in the fields, commonly called Lincoln's Inn Fields ", were exempted from all forfeitures and penalties which they might incur in regard to any new buildings they might erect on three sides of the same fields, previously to the 1st of October in that year, provided that they paid for the public service one year's full value for every such house within one month of its erection ; and provided that they should convey the ' residue of the said fields ' to the Society of Lincoln's Inn, for laying the same into walks for common use and benefit, whereby the annoyances which formerly have been in the same fields will be taken away, and passengers there for the future better secured.

* 1628: reunification of Fes and Marrakech, but Saadians didn't retrieve the control over many territories: Rabat, Salé and Tetouan ruled by Andalusis, Tafilalet by the Alaouites, Oujda by the Ottomans and many other territories lost to warlords, Zaouias leaders and refractory tribes ; they lost gradually the control over the territories that remained under their rule until 1659, when they disappeared from the Moroccan political and military scenes.

On 9 September 1659, the Pope defined the territories they would have to administer: for Mgr Pallu, Tonkin, Laos, and five adjacent provinces of southern China ( Yunnan, Guizhou, Huguang, Guangxi, Sichuan ), for Mgr Lambert de la Motte, Cochinchina and five provinces of southeastern China ( Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Hainan ).

He took his seat again in that assembly when the army recalled it to power ( May 1659 ), and when John Lambert expelled it ( October 1659 ) prepared to restore its authority by arms, he secretly raised men, and concerted with Francis Hacker and others to assist George Monck and Arthur Hesilrige against Lambert and his party, In his place in parliament he opposed the intended oath abjuring the Stuarts, voted for the re-admission of the secluded members, and followed the lead of Monck and Cooper, in the belief that they were in favour of a Commonwealth.

Two plots were uncovered and broken up in 1657 and 1659.

The terms for the peace inflicted upon the Spanish kingdoms in the Treaty of the Pyrenees ( 1659 ) were harsh, as France annexed Northern Catalonia.

In October 1659, Col. Lambert and various subordinate members of the army, and acting in the military interest, resisted Col. Morley and others who were defending Long Parliament.

The Dutch settlers occupied the island for nearly half a century, but were dislodged several times: in 1629 by the Portuguese, in 1645 and 1659 by the French and in 1663 by the British troops.

It was made up of three regions: parts of the Counties of Flanders and Hainaut, and the Bishopric of Cambrai, which were ceded to France in successive treaties ( 1659, 1668, and 1678 ).

By 1659, the Portuguese had been expelled from the coastal regions, which were then occupied by the VOC, securing for it the monopoly over cinnamon.

But many were confessedly political, e. g. The Rota, or Coffee Club ( 1659 ), a debating society for the spread of republican ideas, broken up at the Restoration in 1660, the Calves Head Club ( c. 1693 ) and the Green Ribbon Club ( 1675 ).

These reforms were all reversed, however, after Cromwell's death and the last parliament to be elected in the Commonwealth period in 1659 reverted to the electoral system as it had existed under Charles I.

Henry Purcell ( 1659 – 1695 ) whose operas were written to English libretti

In 1659 Hooke described some elements of a method of heavier-than-air flight to Wilkins, but concluded that human muscles were insufficient to the task.

Freetown was first settled by the English on April 2, 1659 on the banks of the Assonet River, when the areas of Assonet and Fall River were purchased for 20 coats, two rugs, two iron pots, two kettles, one little kettle, eight pairs of shoes, six pairs of stockings, one dozen hoes, one dozen hatchets, and two yards of broadcloth from the Wampanoag Indians in an exchange known as Ye Freemen's Purchase.

In 1659, Bolland and Henschen were joined by Daniel van Papenbroeck or Papebrochius ( 1628 – 1714 ), who devoted fifty-five years of his life to the Acta.

However, these three statues were later speculatively ' identified ' by the writer Daniel Defoe ( 1659 – 1731 ) as Caesar ( 100 – 44 BC ) and Pompey ( 106 – 48 BC ) responsible for the decline of the Roman republic facing a statue of Cicero ( 106 – 43 BC ), the defender of the Republic.

Nine women were burned to death for witchcraft in the town in 1659, and two centuries later in 1868, Dumfries was the site of Scotland's last public hanging.

In 1659 ten women were accused of diverse acts of witchcraft by Dumfries Kirk Session although the Kirk Session minutes itself records nine witches.

In August 1659, the Danes and Norwegians – who were in the Denmark – Norway union – attacked and burned down the mining village.

In July 1659 direct and tempting proposals were again made to him by the future Charles II.

In the 1659 instructions given by the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith ( known as the Propaganda Fide ) to new missionaries to Asia, provisions were clearly made to the effect that adapting to local customs and respecting the habits of the countries to be evangelised was paramount:

The French were established on the western portion of the Hispaniola and Tortuga islands in 1659.

According to a 1659 letter to Thomas Greaves from Edward Pococke ( who, on his book-hunting travels for archbishop William Laud, had met Lucaris ) many of the choicest manuscripts from Lucaris ' library were saved by the Dutch ambassador who sent them by ship to Holland.

On September 22, 1659 during the war over Crete, the island was conquered by Venice and the castle was destroyed again, but the Ottomans were able to regain it again soon after.

Following a big fire in 1659, which almost completely destroyed the town, only stone buildings were allowed to be built in the central part of the town.

Meric Casaubon's 1659 edition of part of these diaries ( Cotton Appendix MS. XLVI ), entitled A True & Faithful Relation of What Passed for Many Yeers between Dr. John Dee and Some Spirits contains notorious transcription errors which in some cases were transmitted through many subsequent republications of the Dee / Kelly material ; Casaubon's edition was intended to discredit Dee and Kelly by accusing them of dealing with the Christian Devil.

* June 14 – Anglo-Spanish War ( 1654 – 1660 ) and Franco-Spanish War ( 1635 – 1659 ): Battle of the Dunes: A Spanish force attempting to lift a siege of Dunkirk is defeated by the French and English.

In the battle of Turda, Ahmed Pasha defeated George II Rákóczi in 1659.

After the Battle of Konotop, Ivan Bohun led an armed pro-Russian uprising against his former ally near Konotop Ivan Vyhovsky and defeated his army in the autumn of 1659.

From 1653 to 1659, although still legally known as a Commonwealth, the republic operated under different institutions ( at times as a de facto monarchy ) and is known by historians as the Protectorate.

The government during 1653 to 1659 is properly called The Protectorate, and took the form of direct personal rule by Oliver Cromwell and, after his death, his son Richard, as Lord Protector.

The mathematical description was derived in 1659 by Dutch physicist Christiaan Huygens.

Moses with the Ten Commandments, by Rembrandt ( 1659 )

* 1659 – The assault on Copenhagen by Swedish forces is beaten back with heavy losses.

The English established their main coastal town at Port Royal and by 1659, two hundred houses, shops, and warehouses surrounded the fort.

* 1659 – At the Battle of Konotop the Ukrainian armies of Ivan Vyhovsky defeat the Russians led by Prince Trubetskoy.

After Richard Cromwell, who had succeeded his father Oliver as Lord Protector in 1658, was effectively deposed by an officers ' coup in April, 1659, the officers re-summoned the Rump Parliament to sit.

It convened on 7 May 1659, but after five months in power it again clashed with the army ( led by John Lambert ) and was again forcibly dissolved on 13 October 1659.

The Long Parliament which Oliver Cromwell had dispersed in 1653 was once more summoned to assemble, by a declaration from the council of officers dated on 6 May 1659.

In 1659, the last Saʻdī sultan was overthrown in the conquest of Marrakech by Mulay r-Rshid ( 1664 – 1672 ).

Moses with the tablets of the Ten Commandments, painting by Rembrandt ( 1659 )

However, the first detailed study of the Orion Nebula wouldn't be performed until 1659 by Christian Huygens, who also believed himself to be the first person to discover this nebulosity.

This success was followed by The Cruelty of the Spaniards in Peru ( 1658 ) and The History of Sir Francis Drake ( 1659 ).

Moses with the tablets of the Ten Commandments, painting by Rembrandt ( 1659 )

A fleet commanded by Captain John Dutton ( first governor, 1659 – 1661 ) in the Marmaduke arrived at St Helena in 1659.

In 1659 Huygens derived the now well-known formula for the centripetal force, exerted by an object describing a circular motion, for instance on the string to which it is attached, in modern notation:

Portugal had been helped by France, but in the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659 Portugal was abandoned by its French ally.