In 1703, the Estates passed a bill that declared that their selection for Queen Anne's successor would not be the same individual as the successor to the English throne, unless England granted full freedom of trade to Scottish merchants in England and its colonies.

The response of the Scottish Parliament was to pass a bill in 1703 requiring that, on the death of Queen Anne without issue, the three Estates of the Parliament were to appoint a Protestant successor from the descendants of the Scottish kings, but not the English successor unless various economic, political and religious conditions were met.

Defoe made no attempt to explain why the same Parliament of Scotland which was so vehement for its independence from 1703 to 1705 became so supine in 1706.

The first literary reference to the island, where it is called Rokol, is found in Martin Martin's A Description of the Western isles of Scotland published in 1703.

* Martin, Martin ( 1703 ) " A Voyage to St. Kilda " in A Description of The Western Islands of Scotland, Appin Regiment / Appin Historical Society.

: Other titles: Marquess of Tullibardine, Earl of Strathtay and Strathardle, Viscount of Balwhidder, Glenalmond and Glenlyonz and Lord Murray, Balvenie and Gask ( Scotland, 1703 ); Marquess of Atholl, Earl of Tullibardine, Viscount of Balquhidder and Lord Murray, Balvany and Gask ( Scotland, 1676 ); Earl of Atholl ( Scotland, 1629 ); Earl of Tullibardine and Lord Murray, Gask and Balquhidder ( Scotland, 1628 ); Lord Murray of Tullibardine ( Scotland, 1604 )

Category: 1703 establishments in Scotland

He returned to Scotland in 1703.

Category: 1703 establishments in Scotland

In 1703, he was raised to the Peerage of Scotland as Lord Mount Stuart, Cumra and Inchmarnock, Viscount of Kingarth and Earl of Bute.

In 1703 he was created Lord Hope, Viscount of Aithrie and Earl of Hopetoun in the Peerage of Scotland, with remainder to the heirs male and female of his body.

The subsidiary titles of the Earl are: Viscount of Garnock ( created 1703 ), Lord Lindsay of The Byres ( 1445 ), Lord Parbroath ( 1633 ) and Lord Kilbirnie, Kingsburn and Drumry ( 1703 ), all in the Peerage of Scotland.

Category: 1703 establishments in Scotland

It was created in 1703 for David Boyle, Lord Boyle, who was subsequently one of the commissioners who negotiated the Treaty of Union uniting the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain.

Category: 1703 establishments in Scotland

Category: 1703 establishments in Scotland

Category: 1703 establishments in Scotland

* Martin, Martin ( 1703 ) A Description of the Western Isles of Scotland including A Voyage to St. Kilda Retrieved 8 October 2008.

Category: 1703 establishments in Scotland

* Martin, Martin ( 1703 ) A Description of The Western Islands of Scotland ( Circa 1695 ).

* Act of Settlement 1703, clarifying the status of the population of the Isle of Man

The Act of Settlement of 1703 ( passed in 1704 ) was an Act of Tynwald passed clarifying the status of the population of the Isle of Man.

They were considered a Catholic innovation, not widely practiced until the 18th century, and were opposed vigorously in worship by a number of Protestant Reformers, including Martin Luther ( 1483 – 1546 ), John Calvin ( 1509 – 1564 ) and John Wesley ( 1703 – 1791 ).

In Ireland the oath was imposed of state office holders, teachers and lawyers, and on clergy of the established church in from 1703, the following year it was on all Irish voters and from 1709 it can be demanded from any adult male by a magistrate.

Early collections of English ballads were made by Samuel Pepys ( 1633 – 1703 ) and in the Roxburghe Ballads collected by Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Mortimer ( 1661 – 1724 ).

But the Austrian monarchy faced severe peril on several fronts in 1703: by June the Duke of Villars had reinforced the Elector of Bavaria on the Danube thus posing a direct threat to Vienna, while Vendôme remained at the head a large army in northern Italy opposing Guido Starhemberg's weak Imperial force.

A youthful exercise in Augustan heroic couplets by Thomas Cooke ( 1703 – 1756 ), employing the Roman names for all the gods.

It is a site of numerous major historical events, including the Battle of the Neva in 1240 which gave Alexander Nevsky his name, the founding of Saint Petersburg in 1703, and the Siege of Leningrad by the German army during World War II.

It was said in 1703 that the people of Shetland generally spoke English, but that " many among them retain the ancient Danish Language "; while in 1750 Orkney-born James Mackenzie wrote that Norn was not yet entirely extinct, being " retained by old people ", who still spoke it among each other.

This period gave way to the highly significant Köprülü Era ( 1656 – 1703 ), during which effective control of the Empire was exercised by a sequence of Grand Viziers from the Köprülü family.

In 1703, Tirana had about 4, 000 inhabitants and by 1820 the number tripled to 12, 000.

This ban was followed by others in 1703 and 1709 as part of a comprehensive system disadvantaging the Catholic community, and to a lesser extent Protestant dissenters.

* 1703: Saint Petersburg founded by Peter the Great.

* 1703: The Love Suicides at Sonezaki by Chikamatsu first performed

Image: Marie-Louise O ' Murphy ( 1737-1818 ) painted by Francois Boucher ( 1703 – 1770 ). jpg | François Boucher, Marie-Louise O ' Murphy, 1752

In November 1703, during the War of Spanish Succession, Asti fell to France again ; it was reconquered in 1705 by Victor Amadeus II.

Peter I had meanwhile recovered and gained ground in Sweden's Baltic provinces, where he cemented Russia's access to the Baltic Sea by founding Saint Petersburg in 1703.

For their ideas on derivatives, both Newton and Leibniz built on significant earlier work by mathematicians such as Isaac Barrow ( 1630 – 1677 ), René Descartes ( 1596 – 1650 ), Christiaan Huygens ( 1629 – 1695 ), Blaise Pascal ( 1623 – 1662 ) and John Wallis ( 1616 – 1703 ).

Charles made official overtures to her in 1703, and the match was encouraged by King Frederick of Prussia.

Jonathan Edwards, born on October 5, 1703, was the son of Timothy Edwards ( 1668 – 1759 ), a minister at East Windsor, Connecticut ( modern day South Windsor ), who eked out his salary by tutoring boys for college.

The decision was condemned by several French bishops ; by Louis Antoine de Noailles, Archbishop of Paris ; by the theological faculties at Leuven, Douai, and eventually Paris ; and, finally, in 1703, by Pope Clement XI.

In 1703, Quesnel was imprisoned by Humbertus Guilielmus de Precipiano, Archbishop of Mechelen, but escaped several months later and lived in Amsterdam for the remainder of his life.