Argon ( αργος, Greek meaning " inactive ", in reference to its chemical inactivity ) was suspected to be present in air by Henry Cavendish in 1785 but was not isolated until 1894 by Lord Rayleigh and Sir William Ramsay in Scotland in an experiment in which they removed all of the oxygen, carbon dioxide, water and nitrogen from a sample of clean air.

The automatic flour mill built by Oliver Evans in 1785 was called the beginning of modern bulk material handling by Roe ( 1916 ).

Among the most successful of his 37 operas staged during his lifetime were Armida ( 1771 ), La fiera di Venezia ( 1772 ), La scuola de ' gelosi ( 1778 ), Der Rauchfangkehrer ( 1781 ), Les Danaïdes ( 1784 ), which was first presented as a work of Gluck's, La grotta di Trofonio ( 1785 ), Tarare ( 1787 ) ( Tarare was reworked and revised several times as was Les Danaïdes ), Axur, re d ' Ormus ( 1788 ), La cifra ( 1789 ), Palmira, regina di Persia ( 1795 ), Il mondo alla rovescia ( 1795 ), Falstaff ( 1799 ), and Cesare in Farmacusa ( 1800 ).

However, even with Mozart and Salieri being rivals for certain jobs, there is very little evidence that the relationship between the two composers was at all acrimonious beyond this, especially after 1785 or so when Mozart had become established in Vienna.

It was written in 1785 and first published the following year in the poet's own literary journal, Thalia.

The first outside the English Midlands was established in Leeds in 1785.

In 1785, Russia and the eastern Georgian kingdom of Kartl-Kakheti ( which was devastated by Turkish and Persian invasions ) signed the Treaty of Georgievsk, according to which Kartl-Kakheti received protection from Russia.

Thomas Bell patented the technique of printing by copper rollers in 1783, and the first machine was set up by Livesey, Hargreaves & Co near Preston in 1785.

The use of D. purpurea extract containing cardiac glycosides for the treatment of heart conditions was first described in the English-speaking medical literature by William Withering, in 1785, which is considered the beginning of modern therapeutics. It is used to increase cardiac contractility ( it is a positive inotrope ) and as an antiarrhythmic agent to control the heart rate, particularly in the irregular ( and often fast ) atrial fibrillation.

Until Joseph Bramah patented the beer engine in 1785, beer was served directly from the barrel and carried to the customer.

In these years he recovered the manuscript that he and Thomas Young had worked in his youth from Young's widow, who was living in Albany, and began to develop it into the work that was published in 1785 as Reason: the Only Oracle of Man.

He also served from 1783 to September 1785 and was married in 1786 to Ann Thompson, the daughter of a wealthy New York merchant, 21 years his junior.

The understanding of friction was further developed by Charles-Augustin de Coulomb ( 1785 ).

The shape of the Milky Way as deduced from star counts by William Herschel in 1785 ; the solar system was assumed to be near the center.

The first attempt to describe the shape of the Milky Way and the position of the Sun in it was carried out by William Herschel in 1785 by carefully counting the number of stars in different regions of the sky.

Social reformer Jeremy Bentham wrote the first known argument for homosexual law reform in England around 1785, at a time when the legal penalty for buggery was death by hanging.

The Harmony Society was a Christian theosophy and pietist society founded in Iptingen, Germany, in 1785.

As their numbers increased, Rapp ’ s group officially split with the Lutheran Church in 1785 and was banned from meeting.

From 1785, perhaps because the improved version of potting and stamping was about to come out of patent, a great expansion in the output of the British iron industry began.

After some 25 years of work, his Theory of the Earth ; or an Investigation of the Laws observable in the Composition, Dissolution, and Restoration of Land upon the Globe was read to meetings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in two parts, the first by his friend Joseph Black on 7 March 1785, and the second by himself on 4 April 1785.

The 1785 Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, a contemporary work which defined vernacular and slang terms, contained this entry: " Brown Bess: A soldier's firelock.

Their official status was defined by the Charter to the Gentry in 1785.

He adapted it from a number of earlier musical systems, including the Norwich Sol-fa method of Sarah Ann Glover ( 1785 – 1867 ) of Norwich.

Surveys were done using the metes and bounds method used in Virginia, rather than the Public Land Survey System established by the Land Ordinance of 1785 which was more used for the most of the Northwest Territory.

In 1785, Forster travelled to Halle where he submitted his thesis about the plants of the South Pacific for a doctorate in medicine.

Two years later, he attended the College of Philadelphia, studying medicine under Dr. Thomas Shippen, and attended Dr. Benjamin Rush's lectures in 1785.

One of the most prominent examples of a family dynasty of cunning people was the Harries family from Cwrt y Cadno in Wales ; Henry Harries ( 1739 – 1805 ) was a yeoman farmer who had an interest in astrology and medicine but did not practice as a cunning man, whilst his son, John ( 1785 – 1839 ), and two grandsons Henry and John instead became professionals in the field.

Physick graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1785, then began the study of medicine under Dr. Adam Kuhn, and continued it in London under Dr. John Hunter, becoming, on January 1, 1790, house surgeon of St. George's hospital.

His mother was the former Charlotte Lyon ( 1785 – 1871 ), a daughter of Thomas Lyon ( 1741 – 1796 ) ( who was the youngest son of the 8th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne ) and the former Mary Wren ( died 1811 ).

Prout was born in Horton, Gloucestershire in 1785 and educated at 17 years of age by a clergyman, followed by the Redland Academy at Bristol and Edinburgh University, where he graduated in 1811.

Andrew's mother, Angeline Martin ( 1811 – 1849 ), was the eldest of Armand ( 1785 – 1861 ) and Mary ( née Ryan, 1789 – 1866 ) Martin's nine children.

In 1785 she bought a house, at Cowslip Green, near Wrington, in northern Somerset, where she settled down to country life with her sister Martha, and wrote many ethical books and tracts: Structures on the Modern System of Female Education ( 1799 ), Hints towards Forming the Character of a Young Princess ( 1805 ), Coelebs in Search of a Wife ( only nominally a story, 1809 ), Practical Piety ( 1811 ), Christian Morals ( 1813 ), Character of St Paul ( 1815 ), Moral Sketches ( 1819 ).

Richard Barnes Mason was a grandson of George Mason ( 1725 – 1792 ); son of George Mason V ( 1753 – 1796 ); brother of George Mason VI ( 1786 – 1834 ); grandnephew of Thomson Mason ( 1733 – 1785 ); first cousin once removed of Stevens Thomson Mason ( 1760 – 1803 ), John Thomson Mason ( 1765 – 1824 ), and William Temple Thomson Mason ( 1782 – 1862 ); first cousin of Thomson Francis Mason ( 1785 – 1838 ) and James Murray Mason ( 1798 – 1871 ); second cousin of Armistead Thomson Mason ( 1787 – 1819 ), John Thomson Mason ( 1787 – 1850 ), and John Thomson Mason, Jr. ( 1815 – 1873 ); and second cousin once removed of Stevens Thomson Mason ( 1811 – 1843 ).

He bore the same name as his grandfather ( 1763 – 1819 ), pastor at Longmeadow, Massachusetts, from 1785 to 1819, and his father ( 1787 – 1873 ), pastor at Braintree, Massachusetts, from 1811 to 1873 ( except the years 1831-1836 ), both prominent Congregational ministers, who were descendants of Richard Mather.

James Murray Mason was a grandson of George Mason ( 1725 – 1792 ); nephew of George Mason V ( 1753 – 1796 ); grandnephew of Thomson Mason ( 1733 – 1785 ); first cousin once removed of Stevens Thomson Mason ( 1760 – 1803 ) and John Thomson Mason ( 1765 – 1824 ); son of John Mason ( 1766 – 1849 ) and Anna Maria Murray Mason ( 1776 – 1857 ); first cousin of Thomson Francis Mason ( 1785 – 1838 ), George Mason VI ( 1786 – 1834 ), and Richard Barnes Mason ( 1797 – 1850 ); second cousin of Armistead Thomson Mason ( 1787 – 1819 ), John Thomson Mason ( 1787 – 1850 ), and John Thomson Mason, Jr. ( 1815 – 1873 ); second cousin once removed of Stevens Thomson Mason ( 1811 – 1843 ); and first cousin thrice removed of Charles O ' Conor Goolrick.

1811 edition of a dictionary compiled by Captain Grose in 1785.

Section 9 of Virginia's 1776 Constitution states " excessive bail ought not to be required ..." In 1785, the following was added, " Those shall be let to bail who are apprehended for any crime not punishable in life or limb ... But if a crime be punishable by life or limb, or if it be manslaughter and there be good cause to believe the party guilty thereof, he shall not be admitted to bail.

However Fox once told Charles Butler sometime after 1785 that he had never read the book and that " There is something in all these subjects which passes my comprehension ; something so wide that I could never embrace them myself nor find any one who did ".

Although re-appointed to the national congress in 1785 he did not attend any sessions.

Unfortunately Morrison died in Gibraltar in 1785 before he could assume the office of chief in any meaningful way.

It was followed by Turk and no Turk ( 1785 ), a musical comedy ; Inkle and Yarico ( 1787 ), an opera ; Ways and Means ( 1788 ); The Iron Chest ( 1796 ), taken from William Godwin's Adventures of Caleb Williams ; The Poor Gentleman ( 1802 ); John Bull, or an Englishman's Fireside ( 1803 ), his most successful piece ; The Heir at Law ( 1808 ), which enriched the stage with one immortal character, " Dr Pangloss " ( borrowed of course from Voltaire's Candide ), and numerous other pieces, many of them adapted from the French.