** Louis XVIII ( 1814 – 1815, 1815 – 1824 )

* Louis XVIII of France was exiled in Ghent during the Hundred Days in 1815

Some English government officials felt that Louis Bonaparte was seeking foreign adventure in the spirit of his uncle — Napoleon I. Consequently, these officials felt that any close association with Louis Bonaparte would eventually lead Britain into another series of wars, like the wars with France and Napoleon dating from 1793 until 1815.

British relations with France had scarcely improved since 1815. As prime minister, the Earl of Aberdeen was one of these officials, who feared France and Louis Bonaparte.

* 1815 – Louis Alexandre Berthier, French marshal ( b. 1753 )

Landau was later occupied by the French from 1680 to 1815, when it was one of the Décapole, the ten free cities of Alsace, and received its modern fortifications by Louis XIV's military architect Vauban in 1688 – 99, making the little city ( population in 1789 was still only approximately 5, 000 ) one of Europe's strongest citadels.

* February 20 – Louis Alexandre Berthier, French marshal ( d. 1815 )

Napoleon escaped from exile and Louis fled in March 1815.

Both Marie Antoinette's body and that of Louis XVI were exhumed on 18 January 1815, during the Bourbon Restoration, when the comte de Provence had become King Louis XVIII.

In the 19th century, calculus was put on a much more rigorous footing by mathematicians such as Augustin Louis Cauchy ( 1789 – 1857 ), Bernhard Riemann ( 1826 – 1866 ), and Karl Weierstrass ( 1815 – 1897 ).

In Holland, the Dutch Republic ’ s 17th-century ( 1609 – 1672 ) mercantilist dominion was a first instance of global, commercial hegemony, made feasible with its technological development of wind power and its Four Great Fleets, for the efficient production and delivery of goods and services, which, in turn, made possible its Amsterdam stock market and concomitant dominance of world trade ; in France, King Louis XIV ( 1638 – 1715 ) and ( Emperor ) Napoleon I ( 1799 – 1815 ) established French hegemony via economic, cultural, and military domination of most of Continental Europe.

* Charles – Louis van Keverberg van Kessel ( 1815 – 1817 )

Louis XVIII ( Louis Stanislas Xavier ; 17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824 ), known as " the Desired " ( le Desiré ), was a Bourbon King of France and of Navarre from 1814 to 1824, omitting the Hundred Days in 1815.

Louis XVIII spent twenty-three years in exile, from 1791 to 1814, during the French Revolution and the First French Empire, and again in 1815, for 111 days, upon the return of Napoleon I from Elba.

Louis XVIII ’ s government executed Napoleon's Marshal Ney, Prince de la Moskowa, in December 1815 for treason.

In November 1815, Louis XVIII ’ s government had to sign another Treaty of Paris, formally ending Napoleon ’ s hundred days.

The < span lang =" fr "> chambre introuvable </ span >, elected in 1815 and given the nickname " unobtainable " by Louis, due to the overwhelming ultra-royalist majority, threw out the Talleyrand-Fouché government and sought to legitimize the White Terror, passing trial against enemies of the state, sacking 50, 000 – 80, 000 civil service members, and dismissing 15, 000 army officers.

In 1815, King Louis XVIII created a new peerage system based on the British model.

Petit first collaborated with Pierre Louis Dulong for the competition of the Académie des sciences about refrigeration ( 1815 ).

The order has had five levels since the reign of the king Louis XVIII, who restored the order in 1815.

The restored Bourbon king Louis XVIII made him a peer of France on 4 June, with a seat in the upper house, but, having commanded one of Napoleon's armies on the Alpine frontier during the Hundred Days, he was deprived of his peerage on 24 July 1815.

He then followed Louis XVIII into exile to Ghent during the Hundred Days ( March – July 1815 ), and was nominated ambassador to Sweden.

On 21 January 1815 Louis XVI and his wife's remains were re-buried in the Basilica of Saint-Denis where in 1816 his brother, King Louis XVIII, had a funerary monument erected by Edme Gaulle.

In 1814 and 1815, he endeavoured to procure from Louis XVIII the baton of a marshal of France but failed to do so.

In the great conflict of the period between Napoleon I and the Bourbons, Berryer, like his father, was an ardent Legitimist ; and in the spring of 1815, at the opening of the campaign of the Hundred Days, he followed Louis XVIII of France to Ghent as a volunteer.

Once the festive gathering place for the Ancien Régime society, at the start of the Bourbon Restauration in 1815, Louis XVIII traded the Hôtel de Matignon for the Élysée Palace.

The Hundred Days, sometimes known as the Hundred Days of Napoleon or Napoleon's Hundred Days for specificity, marked the period between Emperor Napoleon I of France's return from exile on Elba to Paris on 20 March 1815 and the second restoration of King Louis XVIII on 8 July 1815 ( a period of 111 days ).

Obliged to retire after the restoration of Louis XVIII ( 1815 ), Dumas devoted his leisure to the continuation of his Précis des événements militaires, of which nineteen volumes, embracing the history of the war from 1798 to the peace of 1807, appeared between 1817 and 1826.

In 1815 he was appointed by King Louis XVIII of France to the post of keeper of Greek manuscripts in the royal library over the heads of the candidates proposed by the other conservators, an appointment which made him many enemies.

** Kingdom of France: Louis XVIII ( 1814 – 15, 1815 – 1824 )

In 1815, after the defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo, the Conservatoire was closed for some time by Louis XVIII, and the eighty-one year-old Gossec had to retire.

Called as such because they were " more royalist than the king " ( plus royalistes que le roi ), the Ultras were thus the dominant political faction under Louis XVIII ( 1815 – 1824 ) and Charles X ( 1824 – 1830 ).

Educated at St Cyr, he served for a short time in the bodyguard of Louis XVIII, and entered the line as a lieutenant in January 1815.

He returned for 100 days in 1815, but was finally defeated by the British and German armies at Waterloo.

But on 14 February 1815, Kandy was occupied by the British, in the second Kandyan War, finally ending Sri Lanka's independence.

Later, as a consequence of revolt in 1567, the southern provinces became subject to Spain ( 1579 ), then to the Austrian Habsburgs ( 1713 ), to France ( 1795 ), and finally in 1815 to the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

Napoleon was finally defeated by the Duke of Wellington and Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher at Waterloo in present-day Belgium on 18 June 1815.

However, Napoleon reinstated it in May 1802, then finally abolished it permanently in March 1815.

Restored briefly in 1814 and definitively in 1815 after the fall of the First French Empire, the senior line of the Bourbons was finally overthrown in the July Revolution of 1830.

After 1815 it became a Bourbon-Parma duchy, then part of Tuscany in 1847 and finally part of the Italian State.

Because the Saxon question threatened to break up the Congress, the allies finally agreed to divide Saxony ( 7 January 1815 ) with the mediation of the Czar.

* Küpeyakwüskonam ( Kupeyakwuskonam, Kah-pah-yak-as-to-cum-One Arrow, French: ‘ Une Flèche ’, Chief of the Parklands or Willow Cree, born 1815 in the Saskatchewan River Valley, son of George Sutherland (‘ Okayasiw ’) and his second wife Paskus (‘ Rising ’), tried to prevent in 1876 negotiations on the Treaty 6 at Fort Carlton along with Kamdyistowesit (' Beardy ') and Saswaypew (' Cut Nose '), but finally signed on August 28 the treaty, in August 1884 he attended a meeting with chief Mistahimaskwa (' Big Bear ') and Papewes (‘ Papaway ’-' Lucky Man '), his tribal group joined first the Métis in 1885, died on 25 April 1886 in the prison )

In the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars of 1793 – 1815, France reduced the Netherlands to a satellite and finally annexed the country in 1810.

The ruins were a popular site for travellers during the 17th and 18th centuries, and finally in 1815 the remains were taken into the care of the State for preservation.

Thus, by the end of 1815, the Moselle department had finally the limits that it would keep until 1871.

The early history of our area before permanent settlers arrived was one of Indians and the fur trade under the French first, then the English, and finally the U. S. after 1815.

Powers for the Bristol to Bridgwater section lapsed in 1815, but work finally commenced in 1822, to be halted by an injunction because the authorised route was not being followed.

Only in 1870 was quartering formally abolished ; in 1815 the pillory was abolished for some offences and, finally, altogether in 1837 ; in 1820 the whipping of females was abolished ; in 1822 the practice of dissecting the bodies of murderers was done away with ; in 1857 transportation was abolished ; in 1872 the last offender was placed in the stocks.

Independence was restored in 1813, and on August 4, 1815 the Valais finally entered the Swiss confederation as a canton.

When Napoleon was finally defeated in 1815, Maria and her family remained in Brazil.

The third Sir Godfrey Webster began looking for buyers for the castle in 1815, and in 1829 he finally managed to sell it and of the surrounding land to John ' Mad Jack ' Fuller for £ 3, 000 (£ as of 2008 ).

Some ground was recovered, although a number of years had still not been produced ( 1813 – 19 ) when Rivington finally went into partnership with Baldwin Craddock and Joy, a publisher which had already acquired a major share of Otridge in 1815.

Geneva finally joined the Swiss Confederation in 1815 as the 22nd canton, having been enlarged by French and Savoyard territories at the Vienna Congress ( see Restoration and Regeneration ).

The disastrous events of the Napoleonic wars, with the invasion of France by allied armies, the surrender of Paris in 1814, and, finally, the defeat at Waterloo in 1815, had a deep effect on Béranger, and gave a new stimulus and direction to his poetic output.

His designs were: built 1810 a new infirmary ( destroyed in 1941 during The Blitz ), a new stable block and extended his own official residence in 1814 ; a new bakehouse in 1815 ; a new gardener's house 1816, a new guard-house and Secretary's Office with space for fifty staff 1818 ; a Smoking Room in 1829 and finally a garden shelter in 1834.

From 1815 to 1859 Bobbio and its province were included into the Department of Genoa, then passed to Pavia and finally in 1923 to Piacenza.

Employed in 1807 in the manuscript department of the imperial library, he passed to the chair of Greek in university of Rouen in 1809, entered the Academy of Inscriptions in 1815, taught Hebrew and Aramaic in the Collège de France from 1819, and finally in 1838 became professor of Persian in the School of Living Oriental Languages, on the death of Silvestre de Sacy.