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In the 19th century, calculus was put on a much more rigorous footing by mathematicians such as Augustin Louis Cauchy ( 1789 – 1857 ), Bernhard Riemann ( 1826 – 1866 ), and Karl Weierstrass ( 1815 – 1897 ).
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19th and century
Now, although the roots of the mystery story in serious literature go back as far as Balzac, Dickens, and Poe, it was not until the closing decades of the 19th century that the private detective became an established figure in popular fiction.
This Europeanization of the law was made explicit by a number of 19th century scholars.
The Civil War was a significant force in the eventual dominance of the singular usage by the end of the 19th century.
In the zoological sciences, some of his observations were confirmed to be accurate only in the 19th century.
His works contain the earliest known formal study of logic, which was incorporated in the late 19th century into modern formal logic.
With the Prior Analytics, Aristotle is credited with the earliest study of formal logic, and his conception of it was the dominant form of Western logic until 19th century advances in mathematical logic.
The term was originally coined in the 19th century by the founding sociologist and philosopher of science, Auguste Comte, and has become a major topic for psychologists ( especially evolutionary psychology researchers ), evolutionary biologists, and ethologists.
From its beginnings in the early 19th century through the early 20th century, anthropology in the United States was influenced by the presence of Native American societies.
In Greece, there was since the 19th century a science of the folklore called laographia ( laography ), in the form of " a science of the interior ", although theoretically weak ; but the connotation of the field deeply changed after World War II, when a wave of Anglo-American anthropologists introduced a science " of the outside ".
The Apollo Belvedere is a marble sculpture that was rediscovered in the late 15th century ; for centuries it epitomized the ideals of Classical Antiquity for Europeans, from the Renaissance through the 19th century.
Early 19th century.
In the Middle Bronze Age an apparently " alphabetic " system known as the Proto-Sinaitic script is thought by some to have been developed in the Sinai peninsula during the 19th century BC, by Canaanite workers in the Egyptian turquoise mines.
From the 19th century it once again became more and more popular.
Yombe people | Yombe-sculpture, 19th century
Portugal has been present in Angola for 400 years, occupied the territory in the 19th and early 20th century, and ruled over it for about 50 years.
Distinctions in vocabulary persist, for example, in culinary terms, where communication with Germans is frequently difficult, and administrative and legal language, which is due to Austria's exclusion from the development of a German nation-state in the late 19th century and its manifold particular traditions.
Until the late 19th century, the axiom of choice was often used implicitly, although it had not yet been formally stated.
The Iron is a famous 19th century landmark in central Norrköping
The museum can be found in the 19th century building The Iron in the Motala ström river in central Norrköping.
With the beginning of the slow decline of the Ottoman Empire in the early 19th century, and as a result of the expansionist policies of Czarist Russia in the Caucasus, many Muslim nations and groups in that region, mainly Circassians, Tatars, Azeris, Lezgis, Chechens, and several Turkic groups left their ancestral homelands and settled in Anatolia.
Later in the 19th century, other missionaries adapted Evans ' system to other Canadian aboriginal languages.
Charles Dickens was a prominent English author of the 19th century.
Leo Tolstoy was a prominent Russian author of the 19th century.
19th and calculus
Vector calculus was developed from quaternion analysis by J. Willard Gibbs and Oliver Heaviside near the end of the 19th century, and most of the notation and terminology was established by Gibbs and Edwin Bidwell Wilson in their 1901 book, Vector Analysis.
The heyday of synthetic geometry can be considered to have been the 19th century, when analytic methods based on coordinates and calculus were ignored by some geometers such as Jakob Steiner, in favour of a purely synthetic development of projective geometry.
* Analytical Society, a 19th century British group who promoted the use of Leibnizian or analytical calculus, as opposed to Newtonian calculus
During the 19th century, the term ' rigorous ' began to be used to describe decreasing levels of abstraction when dealing with calculus which eventually became known as analysis.
A large body of results from ordinary differential calculus, such as binomial formula and Taylor expansion, have natural q-analogues that were discovered in the 19th century, but remained relatively obscure for a big part of the 20th century, outside of the theory of special functions.
His statement of the problem is a summary of the state-of-the-art ( in 1900 ) of the theory of calculus of variations, with some introductory comments decrying the lack of work that had been done of the theory in the mid to late 19th century.
19th and was
During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, physicists discovered subatomic components and structure inside the atom, thereby demonstrating that the ' atom ' was divisible.
Émile Zola was a prominent French author of the 19th century.
Mark Twain was a prominent American author of the 19th century.
The idea that alternative mathematical systems might exist was very troubling to mathematicians of the 19th century and the developers of systems such as Boolean algebra made elaborate efforts to derive them from traditional arithmetic.
The system was first discovered at the end of the 19th century, and first excavated and studied in the 1970s.
While the term's etymology might suggest that antisemitism is directed against all Semitic peoples, the term was coined in the late 19th century in Germany as a more scientific-sounding term for Judenhass (" Jew-hatred "),
Doubleday's purported invention of baseball was such a widely accepted belief in the late 19th century, that the legend was recorded on a Civil War monument in Maryland in 1897.
Another amino acid that was discovered in the early 19th century was cystine, in 1810, although its monomer, cysteine, was discovered much later, in 1884.
Benzene, C < sub > 6 </ sub > H < sub > 6 </ sub >, is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon and was recognized as the first aromatic hydrocarbon, with the nature of its bonding first being recognized by Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz in the 19th century.
In the 19th century, the color of amethyst was attributed to the presence of manganese.
19th and put
In various revised editions ( 12 in all, through 1872 ), Principles of Geology was the most influential geological work in the middle of the 19th century, and did much to put geology on a modern footing.
However, it was not until the start of the 19th century that Brask's proposals were put into action by Baltzar von Platen, a German-born former officer in the Swedish Navy.
A prolonged agricultural depression in Britain at the end of the 19th century, together with the introduction in the 20th century of increasingly heavy levels of taxation on inherited wealth, put an end to agricultural land as the primary source of wealth for the upper classes.
The ideas of imperialism put forward by historians John Gallagher and Ronald Robinson during the 19th century.
In the early 19th century, many men from large cities put together the organisation which we now call the Trade Union Movement.
In distinction with the LDS Church, Mormon fundamentalists also often believe in a number of other doctrines taught and practiced by Brigham Young in the 19th century, which the LDS Church has either abandoned, repudiated, or put in abeyance.
* the law of consecration also known as the United Order ( put in abeyance by the LDS Church in the 19th century );
The theory was put forward by Santiago Ramón y Cajal in the late 19th century.
The objections were not primarily based on politics or nationalism-for would-be investors, the financing of a national railway must be put within the context of 19th century economics.
In the 19th century, sailors on long ocean voyages would put silver coins in barrels of water and wine to keep the liquid potable.
Shot put competitions were first recorded in early 19th century Scotland, and were a part of the British Amateur Championships beginning in 1866.
Another notable antecedent was put forth by the philosopher John Stuart Mill with his harm principle in the 19th century.
In the second half of the 19th century, Milan quicklt became the main industrial center in Italy, drewing inspiration from the great European capitals that were hubs of the technological innovations of the second industrial revolution and, consequently, of the deep social change that had been put in motion.
Nevertheless, in the early 19th century Young put forth a number of theoretical reasons supporting the wave theory of light, and he developed two enduring demonstrations to support this viewpoint.
The view that wage work has substantial similarities with chattel slavery was actively put forward in the late 18th and 19th centuries by defenders of chattel slavery ( most notably in the Southern states of the US ), and by opponents of capitalism ( who were also critics of chattel slavery ).
In the 19th century white farmers, mostly Boers moved farther northwards pushing the indigenous Khoisan peoples, who put up a fierce resistance, across the Orange River.
One 19th century writer records that in China, the best soy sauce is " made by boiling beans soft, adding an equal quantity of wheat or barley, and leaving the mass to ferment ; a portion of salt and three times as much water are afterwards put in, and the whole compound left for two or three months when the liquid is pressed and strained ".
During the 19th century, several schemes were put forward for rebuilding the whole castle as a Scottish Baronial style château.
The house derives its name from a weaving school which was moved there in the last years of the 19th century, resurrecting the use to which it had been put between the 16th century and about 1830.
When Bill Abner was high sheriff of Owsley County during the mid 19th century he put the rope around the neck of a black man, hung supposedly for assault on a white woman, wife of a Dr. Hundley.
The later Franciscan mission, which is now a ruin presrved as Tumacácori National Historical Park, was never rebuilt after being abandoned after repeated Apache raids in the 19th century that killed farmers and ranchers in the area and put a stop to the growth of the area's economy.
In the 19th century, a new strategy was put in place to counter this problem: some watercourses were dammed to allow for more water at a higher speed through one or two main routes.
A more recent rating put State College 19th among " 50 Smart Places to Live.
Taylor controversially argued that the Iron Chancellor had unified Germany more by accident than by design ; a theory that contradicted theories put forward by historians, Sybel, Ranke and Treitchke in the latter years of the 19th century, and again by other historians more recently.
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