The first established use of the term in a political context was by François-René de Chateaubriand in 1819, following the French Revolution.

* 1819 – Pierre Ossian Bonnet, French mathematician ( d. 1892 )

Gustave de Molinari ( 3 March 1819 – 28 January 1912 ) was an economist born in Belgium associated with French laissez-faire liberal economists such as Frédéric Bastiat and Hippolyte Castille.

* 1819 – Louise Marie Thérèse d ' Artois, French wife of Charles III, Duke of Parma ( d. 1864 )

* 1819 – Hippolyte Fizeau, French physicist ( d. 1896 )

* 1819 – Léon Foucault, French physicist ( d. 1868 )

* 1896 – Hippolyte Fizeau, French physicist ( b. 1819 )

In 1819, however, French entrepreneurs shipped vanilla fruits to the islands of Réunion and Mauritius in hopes of producing vanilla there.

* December 31 – Gustave Courbet, French painter ( b. 1819 )

* February 11 – Léon Foucault, French astronomer ( b. 1819 )

* Georges Antoine Chabot, French jurist and statesman ( d. 1819 )

Instead, in April 1819 he was allowed to live in the French capital – as English critic George Saintsbury describes it – " in a garret furnished in the most Spartan fashion, with a starvation allowance and an old woman to look after him ", while the rest of the family moved to a house twenty miles outside Paris.

* Pierre-Adrien Pâris ( 1745 – 1819 ), French architect

* Jacques Offenbach ( 1819 – 1880 ), French composer of German descent

Jacques Offenbach ( 20 June 1819 – 5 October 1880 ) was a German-born French composer, cellist and impresario of the romantic period.

His French equivalent was Henri-Bernard Dabadie, who was a mainstay of the Paris Opera between 1819 and 1836 and the creator of several major Rossinian baritone roles, including Guillaume Tell.

* Léon Foucault ( 1819 – 1868 ), French physicist

Coined in English 1819, the word dermatology originated in the form of the words dermologie ( in French, 1764 ) and, a little later, dermatologia ( in Latin, 1777 ).

* Louise Victorine Ackermann ( 1813 – 1819 ), French poet

It became under the rule of Spain in the 18th century, very close to the boundary of Spanish and French territory ( although this boundary was carried upward a bit in 1819 ; see Adams-Onís Treaty.

* Pierre Ossian Bonnet ( 1819 – 1892 ), French mathematician

Prince Blücher remained in the French capital for a few months, but his age and infirmities compelled him to retire to his Silesian residence at Krieblowitz, where he died on September 12, 1819, aged 76.

She was born in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, as Marie Catherine Sophie, Vicomtesse de Flavigny, the daughter of Alexander Victor François de Flavigny ( 1770 – 1819 ), a footloose émigré French aristocrat, and his wife Maria Elisabeth Bethmann ( 1772 – 1847 ), a German banker's daughter.

Felice Orsini (; 10 December 1819 – 13 March 1858 ) was an Italian revolutionary and leader of the Carbonari who tried to assassinate Napoleon III, Emperor of the French.

* October 13 — Louis Adolphe Cochery, French journalist and politician ( born 1819 )

* 1819 – Pierre Louis Dulong and Alexis Thérèse Petit give the Dulong-Petit law for the specific heat capacity of a crystal

Hazlehurst originated as the town of Gallatin when two lawyers and brothers-in-law named Walters and Saunders arrived from Gallatin, Tennessee in 1819, and built their homes on the banks of the Bayou Pierre in the western part of Copiah county.

Maine de Biran's philosophical reputation has suffered because of his obscure and laboured style, and the fact that only a few of the least characteristic of his writings appeared during his lifetime: the essay on habit ( Sur l ' influence de l ' habitude, 1803 ), a critical review of Pierre Laromiguière's lectures ( 1817 ), and the philosophical portion of the article " Leibnitz " in the Biographie universelle ( 1819 ).

* 1810 – 1819, Pierre Caron

She was the daughter of Gustave Adolphe Autard de Bragard, a former Magistrate of Mauritius, and wife Marie-Louise Carcenac ( 1817 – 1857 ), daughter of Pierre Carcenac ( 1771 – 1819 ) and wife Marie Françoise Dessachis.

Many bird species will be described by Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot and published in Nouveau dictionnaire d ' histoire naturelle ( 1816 – 1819 ).

It was first recorded by Pierre Méchain in 1786, but it was not recognized as a periodic comet until 1819 when its orbit was computed by Johann Franz Encke ; like Halley's Comet, it is unusual in being named after the calculator of its orbit rather than its discoverer.

The original Cabanne House was built in 1819 by Jean Pierre Cabanne, a fur trader and merchant.

The Boat-tailed Grackle was first described by French naturalist Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot in 1819.

Pierre Ossian Bonnet ( 22 December 1819, Montpellier – 22 June 1892, Paris ) was a French mathematician.

The same year, he published F. Taubmanns Leben und Verdienste and in 1819 Torquato Tasso, a translation from Pierre Louis Ginguené with annotations.

The third and present structure, designed by Pierre Thomas Baraguay, was opened in September 1819.

From 1859-1861 he studied art in France under Pierre Edouard Frère ( 1819 – 1886 ) and Edward Harrison May ( 1824 – 1887 ).

** Louis Liebe, conductor and composer ( born 1819 )

Armand Hippolyte Louis Fizeau ( September 23, 1819 – September 18, 1896 ) was a French physicist.

Michel Louis Étienne Regnaud, later 1st Count Regnaud de Saint-Jean d ' Angély ( 3 December 1761, Saint-Fargeau – 11 March 1819, Paris ) was a French politician.

* Mass in G ( 1819 ) for the Coronation of Louis XVIII

In 1819 he went to St. Louis, Missouri, and there in 1819-1820 took an active part in the slavery controversy.

In 1815, he discovered the bird Bonelli's Warbler ( Phylloscopus bonelli ), named by Louis Vieillot in 1819.

It was later erected in 1819 by the restored Bourbon king Louis XVIII, after the fall of Napoleon, with an inscription stating " God give the King long life, the Bourbons eternity!

Louis XVIII restored his peerage on 5 March 1819.

Médéric Louis Élie Moreau de Saint-Méry ( 1750 – 1819 ) was a Creole colonist born at Fort-Royal ( present-day Fort of France ) in Martinique.

Briefly exiled after the return of King Louis XVIII, he was again admitted to the Chamber in 1819, sitting with the Left faction, supporting liberal politics, and coming into conflict with the Jean-Baptiste de Villèle cabinet.

Austin became founder and principal stockholder in the Bank of St. Louis, but the bank failed in the Panic of 1819 causing him to lose his entire fortune.

* Debauve & Gallais – chocolates to Louis XVIII ( 1819 )

Philippe Louis Marc Antoine, Duke of Noailles and Prince of Poix ( 1752 – 1819 ), was born on the 21st of November 1752.

In 1819, Louis Philippe decorated Granet, and afterwards named him Chevalier de l ' Ordre St Michel, and Conservateur des tableaux de Versailles ( 1826 ).

* Mederic Louis Elie Moreau de Saint-Mery ( 1750 – 1819 ), French historian and lawyer

The first such collection was by A. Petitot and Louis Monmerqué in the Collection des mémoires relatifs a l ' histoire de France ( Paris, 1819 ) and the second such collection was by Joseph François Michaud and Jean-Joseph-François Poujoulat in the Nouvelle collection des mémoires pour servir à l ' histoire de France ( Paris, 1836 ).

The city was settled by French immigrants from Bordeaux and Louisiana, led by Don Louis de Clouet, on April 22, 1819.

On 25 July 1819, Leopold married in Karlsruhe his half-grand-niece Sophie of Sweden ( 21 May 1801 – 6 July 1865 ), the eldest daughter of the former King Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden and Frederica of Baden, who herself was a daughter of Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden ( Leopold's half-brother ).

Louis de Freycinet arrived in October 1819 and named Tutuila Rose Island after his wife.