Schlözer's son Christian ( 1774 – 1831 ) was a professor at Bonn, and published Anfangsgründe der Staatswirthschaft ( 1804 – 1806 ) and his father's Öffentliches und Privat-Leben aus Originalurkunden ( 1828 ).

At Maer on 31 August 1831 she was with her family when they helped Charles Darwin to overturn his father's objections to the Voyage of the Beagle.

Following his father's death in July, 1831, John William's mother was urged to move with her children to Virginia, USA.

In 1830 he returned to Turin, and, after his father's death in 1831, moved to Milan.

In 1866 and 1883 he published editions of his father's Dictionary of the Peerages of England, Scotland and Ireland, extinct, dormant and in abeyance ( earlier editions, 1831, 1840, 1846 ); and in 1855 and 1876 editions of his Royal Families of England, Scotland and Wales ( 1st edition, 1847 – 1851 ) Integral to the study of armorists was the publication in 1878 ( enlarged edition in 1883 ) of his Encyclopaedia of Heraldry, or General Armoury of England, Scotland and Ireland was published in 1848.

On succeeding to his father's estates in 1831 he took his seat in the House of Lords.

Archibald studied law in his father's office and was admitted to the bar of Nova Scotia in early 1831.

Claflin was educated at Milford Academy, became a clerk in his father's store in Milford, and in 1831, with his brother Aaron and his brother-in-law Samuel Daniels, succeeded to his father's business.

His opposition to the emancipation of women brought about a quarrel with Enfantin in 1831, and Bazard found himself almost deserted by the members of the society.

After producing a Vindication of the English Constitution, and some political pamphlets, Disraeli followed up Vivian Grey with a series of novels, The Young Duke ( 1831 ), Contarini Fleming ( 1832 ), Alroy ( 1833 ), Venetia and Henrietta Temple ( 1837 ).

Work was also progressing on the northern half of the West Wing ( The Egyptian Sculpture Gallery ) 1826 – 1831, with Montagu House demolished in 1842 to make room for the final part of the West Wing, completed in 1846, and the South Wing with its great colonnade, initiated in 1843 and completed in 1847, when the Front Hall and Great Staircase were opened to the public.

From May 1827 to September 1831, with the exception of brief interventions by Freire, the presidency was occupied by Francisco Antonio Pinto, Freire's former vice president.

In 1831 Gauss developed a fruitful collaboration with the physics professor Wilhelm Weber, leading to new knowledge in magnetism ( including finding a representation for the unit of magnetism in terms of mass, length and time ) and the discovery of Kirchhoff's circuit laws in electricity.

Its first meeting was held at York in 1831 ; and Brewster, along with Babbage and Sir John F. W. Herschel, had the chief part in shaping its constitution.

The two groups united at High Street Meeting House, Lexington, Kentucky, with a handshake between Barton W. Stone and " Raccoon " John Smith, on Saturday, December 31, 1831.

His elder brother Henry, who had been in ill health in part due to problems with alcoholism, died on August 1, 1831.

In April, the officers were acquitted of all charges, and on 9 May 1831, a banquet was held in their honor, with many illustrious people present, such as Alexandre Dumas.

* 1831 – The Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek, the first removal treaty in accordance with the Indian Removal Act, is proclaimed.

William Everdell, for example, has argued that modernism began in the 1870s, when metaphorical ( or ontological ) continuity began to yield to the discrete with mathematician Richard Dedekind's ( 1831 – 1916 ) Dedekind cut, and Ludwig Boltzmann's ( 1844 – 1906 ) statistical thermodynamics.

Several other experiments followed, with André-Marie Ampère, who in 1820 discovered that the magnetic field circulating in a closed-path was related to the current flowing through the perimeter of the path ; Carl Friedrich Gauss ; Jean-Baptiste Biot and Félix Savart, both of which in 1820 came up with the Biot-Savart Law giving an equation for the magnetic field from a current-carrying wire ; Michael Faraday, who in 1831 found that a time-varying magnetic flux through a loop of wire induced a voltage, and others finding further links between magnetism and electricity.

Masurians showed considerable support for the Polish uprising in 1831, and maintained many contacts with Russian-held areas of Poland beyond the border of Prussia, the areas being connected by common culture and language ; before the uprising people visited each other's country fairs and much trade took placw, with smuggling also widespread Some early writers about Masurians-like Max Toeppen-postulated them as mediators between German and Slav cultures.

The third figure was the Russian Helena Blavatsky ( 1831 – 1891 ), one of the founders of the Theosophical Society, through which she propagated her religious movement of Theosophy, which itself combined a number of elements from Eastern religions like Hinduism and Buddhism with Western elements.

By early 1831, with order restored, Panama reincorporated itself to what was left of the republic-forming a territory now slightly larger than present day Panama and Colombia combined-which by then had adopted the name of Republic of New Granada.

In 1831, after independence, each province started organizing its local " military police ", with order maintenance tasks.

* On 27 December 1831, set off from anchorage in the Barn Pool, under Mount Edgecumbe on the west side of Plymouth Sound, on her second survey voyage, captained by Robert FitzRoy with Charles Darwin on board.

Those afflicted with leprosy were historically isolated from society, the attempts to check the invasion of syphilis in northern Europe about 1490, the advent of yellow fever in Spain at the beginning of the nineteenth century and the arrival of Asiatic cholera in 1831.

Two events helped to increase whisky's popularity: first, a new production process was introduced in 1831 called Coffey or Patent Still ( see in section below ); the whisky produced with this process was less intense and smoother.

Natural theology strongly influenced British science, with the expectation as expressed by Adam Sedgwick in 1831 that truths revealed by science could not conflict with the moral truths of religion.

In 1831, the Swedish chemist Nils Gabriel Sefström rediscovered the element in a new oxide he found while working with iron ores.

* January 7 – anchors off the Chonos Archipelago on the voyage of 1831 – 1836 with Charles Darwin.

From 1747 to 1831 Iraq was ruled, with short intermissions, by Mamluk officers of Georgian origin who succeeded in asserting autonomy from the Sublime Porte, suppressed tribal revolts, curbed the power of the Janissaries, restored order, and introduced a program of modernization of the economy and the military.

It was only 62 years old, having been built in 1831.

" These two tribes had always traveled together, becoming fully merged sometime after 1831, when they were still noted as having separate camps.

As late as 1831 a boy aged 9 was publicly hanged at Chelmsford for having set fire to a house.

In King William IV's reign ( 1830 – 1837 ), maundy coins were produced in 1831 – 37, and identical circulation coins were produced for the colonies, identifiable only through not having a prooflike surface.

Instead he enlisted in the French Army as a private soldier in 1831 with a view to service in Algeria, where in 1833 he received a commission as sub-lieutenant in the Foreign Legion, it having been formed by Louis Philippe ( King of France 1830-1848 ) in 1831.

He was engineer to the Nottingham Gas Light and Coke Company and Nottingham Waterworks Company for more than half a century, having, early in his career, completed the Trent Bridge waterworks ( 1831 ).

His elevation was in part a result of the interest of William IV who, having admired his St. Michael's Mount at the Academy in 1831 ( now in the National Gallery of Victoria, Australia ), commissioned two works from him of the Opening of New London Bridge ( 1832 ) and The Entrance to Portsmouth Harbour.

* 1831 — His Serene Highness Prince Varshavsky (" Warsawian ") for Paskevich for having taken Warsaw during the November Uprising ;

In 1831, the senior living Courtenay of this line was William Courtenay, the third Viscount, an aged rake, living in Paris, having fled a bill of indictment.

The inconvenience, since 1831, of having two Earls for the same county, has been dealt with thus: The Cavendish Earls, who were elevated to a Dukedom in 1694, had been spelling their title Duke of Devonshire ; the ancient Earls had usually been Earls of Devon.

In 1830 he was elected as a Whig to the U. S. House of Representatives and served from March 4, 1831, until his resignation, effective May 30, 1840, having become a candidate for Governor of Ohio.

The latter having abruptly retired from the collaboration, Halévy was at a loss how to carry out the contract, when on the steps of the theatre he met Henri Meilhac ( 1831 – 1897 ), then comparatively a stranger to him.

Daniel Manning ( May 16, 1831 – December 24, 1887 ) was an American businessman, journalist, and politician most notable for having served as the 37th United States Secretary of the Treasury.

He was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Orkney and Shetland in 1831, and in 1838, on the occasion of the coronation of Queen Victoria, he was created Earl of Zetland ( i. e. Shetland ) for having provided financial assistance to the new Queen's parents, the Duke & Duchess of Kent, in the years preceding her accession.

With the Bridgwater and Taunton Canal having opened in 1827, there was further initiative to link Chard to it, and James Green carried out a survey in 1831.

In its original form ' Otago ' it was the name of the channel off Wellers Rock but was transferred to the lower harbour as a whole, the port, the nearby Māori settlements and the Weller brothers ' whaling establishment-one of the region's oldest European settlements, having been founded in 1831.

In 1831, Laird and certain Liverpool merchants formed a company for the commercial development of the Niger regions, the lower course of the Niger having been made known that year by Richard Lemon Lander and John Lander.

Wren's church of St Michael Crooked Lane was demolished, the final service on Sunday 20 March 1831 having to be abandoned due to the effects of the building work.

the poet, in Kent, passed one session at Glasgow University in 1831 and, having chosen the career of the Indian civil service, completed his studies with distinction at Haileybury College.

The family was descended from Sir Philip Courtenay ( 1340 – 1406 ), a younger son of Hugh Courtenay, 2nd Earl of Devon ( 1303 – 1377 ) but eventually itself in 1831 was officially recognised as having become in 1556 holder of the earldom inherited from its distant cousin.

He was baptized into the early Latter Day Saint church by George M. Hinkle in 1832, after having been taught by Lyman Wight in 1831.

He began his medical studies in Vienna in 1831, having received his preliminary education in his native town.

Poltoratzky married in 1831, but within a few years his wife mysteriously disappeared, having been last seen leaving their Moscow house on foot.