In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century Germany, three pioneer physical educators – Johann Friedrich GutsMuths ( 1759 – 1839 ) and Friedrich Ludwig Jahn ( 1778 – 1852 ) – created exercises for boys and young men on apparatus they had designed that ultimately led to what is considered modern gymnastics.

It was this action that technically caused the British to enter the war, as they were still bound by the 1839 agreement to protect Belgium in the event of a war.

Although the British Colonial Office appointed 5 " Aboriginal Protectors " for the entire Aboriginal population of Victoria, arriving in Melbourne in 1839, they worked "... within a land policy that nullified their work, and there was no political will to change this.

Droste intended to write one poem for each Sunday and Feast Day of the church year and the cycle was meant to please her devout grandmother, but when Droste had completed 25 poems, she realised they were too personal and showed too many traces of spiritual doubt, so she shelved the work until 1839 when a friend persuaded her to complete the series.

The county commissioners eventually established the townships, including Union ( 1820 ), Darby ( 1820 ), Mill Creek ( 1820 ), Jerome ( 1821 ), Paris ( 1821 ), Liberty ( 1822 ), Leesburg ( 1825 ), Allen ( 1827 ), Jackson ( 1829 ), York ( 1834 ), Washington ( 1836 ), Dover ( 1839 ), Claibourne ( 1834 ), and Taylor ( 1849 ), while they designated Marysville as the county seat.

Facing severe prosecution in 1839 Chartists took to attending services at churches they held in contempt to display their numerical strength and express their dissatisfaction.

He and his brother George ( 1815-1889 ) were successful merchants in the town beginning in 1839 when they began operating the W. L.

In 1839, they laid out the village of Chauncey on the farm, based on salt production as an industry.

William married his cousin Sophie of Württemberg in 1839 and they had three sons, William, Maurice, and Alexander.

His remains were placed in an urn on 27 October 1839 in the Chapel of San Felipe de Jesús in the Mexico City Cathedral where they still are.

Compared to other travellers of the time, they travelled quickly — an 1839 report cites the travel time as three months and ten days — almost 26 miles ( 40 km ) per day on average.

This however was denied by Peter Lecount, one of the L & BR engineers, who wrote in his ' History of the Railway connecting London and Birmingham ' ( 1839 ), page 48: " It is not because locomotives cannot draw a train of carriages up this incline that a fixed engine and endless rope are used, for they can and have done so, but because the Company are restricted, by their Act of Parliament, from running locomotive engines nearer London than Camden Town.

At Göttingen, whither he had returned as Privatdozent, he wrote a little work on the names of the Hebrew months, proving that they were derived from the Persian, prepared the great article on India in Ersch and Gruber's Encyclopaedia, and published from 1839 to 1842 the Lexicon of Greek Roots which gained him the Volney prize of the Institute of France.

A large community of Crypto-Jews lived in Mashhad, near Khorassan, where they were known as " Jedid al-Islam ", who were mass-converted to Islam around 1839.

Then, his father having again married happily, the boys were brought home to Providence, where they stayed till, in around 1839, their father moved to New York.

Te Awamutu was a missionary settlement built by the missionaries and Māori Christians in July 1839 after they observed Tainui cannibals who had been fighting at Rotorua, return with 60 backpacks of human remains and proceed to cook and eat them in the Otawhao pa.

In 1838 and 1839, Schleiden and Schwann began promoting the ideas that ( 1 ) the basic unit of organisms is the cell and ( 2 ) that individual cells have all the characteristics of life, though they opposed the idea that ( 3 ) all cells come from the division of other cells.

On 4 June 1839, Villiers married the widowed Lady Katherine Foster-Barham ( a daughter of James Grimston, 1st Earl of Verulam ) and they had eight children:

Early in 1839 they discovered that although they now complied with the conditions the Government had laid down for the old New Zealand Association the government was not prepared to honour its promises.

In early 1839 the New Zealand Company in London was hurriedly organizing its first expedition, because they were anxious to get it underway before the government stopped them.

In 1839 the national organization split over basic differences of approach: Garrison and his followers were more radical than other members ; they denounced the U. S. Constitution as supportive of slavery, were against established religion, and insisted on sharing organizational responsibility with women.

" On May 9, 1839, they moved into a two story log house there which they called the " Homestead.

* 1839 – John D. Rockefeller, American industrialist and philanthropist, founded the Standard Oil Company ( d. 1937 )

* 1839 – The Virginia Military Institute is founded in Lexington, Virginia.

* 1839 – In Boston, Massachusetts, the American Statistical Association is founded.

The officials of Pilsen founded a city-owned brewery in 1839, called ( Citizens ' Brewery-now Plzeňský Prazdroj ), brewing beer according to the pioneering Bavarian style of brewing.

* Charles Sanders Peirce ( 1839 – 1914 ), a noted logician who founded philosophical pragmatism, defined semiosis as an irreducibly triadic process wherein something, as an object, logically determines or influences something as a sign to determine or influence something as an interpretation or interpretant, itself a sign, thus leading to further interpretants.

The settlement was founded as a Russian military outpost in 1839 and was named after Admiral Mikhail Lazarev.

Christ Church, Cockfosters was founded in 1839.

Jersey County was founded on February 28, 1839, and was formed out of Greene County.

Prattville was founded in 1839 by industrialist and architect Daniel Pratt.

James Joshua Head ( 1839 – 1927 ) founded Headland in 1871 as " Head's Land ".

Originally known as Ingle Mills, it was renamed by resident Tom Carroll for unknown reasons in honor of Nauvoo, Illinois, a city founded by Mormon prophet Joseph Smith in 1839.

In 1839, Cave Spring was formed as a small town ; founded by Baptists who were among the early settlers.

Mount Auburn was founded on July 11, 1839.

Metropolis, Illinois was founded in 1839.

It was founded in 1839 and was named after Edward Wilkins, a founding father.

It was founded in May, 1839 by Rev.

The settlement of Hamilton was founded in 1839 by Freeman Bray as a trading point with the surrounding Ojibwa people and as a farming community.

Marine on St. Croix was founded in 1839 as Marine Mills.

Altenburg is one of seven towns and villages in the area founded by German Lutheran immigrants in 1839.

Frohna is one of seven towns and villages in the area founded by German immigrants in 1839.

While many local historians had interpreted the name as a Native American word, the origin of " Nauvoo " is Sephardic Hebrew, from the same word that Mormon leader Joseph Smith gave to the Illinois town he founded in 1839.

St. Paul Pioneer Cemetery, founded in 1839, is the burial location for William Cannon, the only authenticated Revolutionary War veteran buried in Oregon.

Warren Buffett's company Berkshire Hathaway was originally founded in 1839 by Oliver Chace in Valley Falls as a cotton manufacturing company, called the Valley Falls Company.

Woonsocket Medical Corporation, founded in 1839 by Dr. Seth Arnold