After 1840, emigration had become a massive, relentless, and efficiently managed national enterprise.

John William Draper, an American physician, chemist and scientific experimenter, managed to make the first successful photograph of the moon a year later on March 23, 1840, taking a 20-minute-long daguerreotype image using a 5-inch ( 13 cm ) reflecting telescope.

Frederick William IV ( 1840 – 1861 ) managed to suppress the revolution.

The Journal was then from November 1873 to December 1880 managed by one of the new part owners, the Tasmanian born former public servant Gresley Lukin ( 1840 – 1916 ), in almost the entire period of which Lukin functioned as ' managing editor ' whereas the actual writing and editing was in the hands of the Irishman, William Augustine O ' Carroll ( 1831 – 1885 ) with various sub-editors or editors of the ' literay staff ' meaning the Queenslander.

The writer stated that Barnum had managed the dancer since 1840, when he had disguised the boy as a white minstrel performer — by making him up in blackface — and put him on at the New York Vauxhall Gardens.

Howe eventually acquired a substantial collection of these tunes and managed to get them published in book form in 1840 as The Musician's Companion.

The 1840 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii set up a structure for democracy in Hawaii, and stated that the lands of Hawaii belonged to its people and were to be managed by the king.

In 1840, upon graduation from the gymnasium, Pisemsky joined the Faculty of Mathematics at Moscow State University, having overcome, apparently, serious resistance from his father who insisted upon his son enrolling in the Demidov Lyceum, for the purely practical reason that it was closer to home and his education there would have been free.

His first appearance as a poet dated from 1840, when the Madrid Lyceum of Art and Literature published his Ternezas y flores, a collection of idyllic verses, remarkable for their technical excellence.

In 1840 he married the actress Adele Peroni ( 1813 – 1895 ), and removed in the following year to Neustrelitz, where his wife had obtained an engagement at the Grand Ducal theatre.

By 1840 there were still only ten colonial bishops for the Church of England ; but even this small beginning greatly facilitated the growth of Anglicanism around the world.

In New York, for example, The Knickerbocker published a parody titled " Gastric Sayings " in November 1840.

In 1840 Johnson was appointed as a presidential elector for his state, giving him more statewide exposure.

* 1840 – Foundation stone for new Palace of Westminster, London, is laid by wife of Sir Charles Barry.

From October 1840 until January 1843 he was in Paris, busy with the treasures of the Bibliothèque Nationale, eking out his scanty means by making collations for other scholars, and producing for the publisher, Firmin Didot, several editions of the Greek New Testament — one of them exhibiting the form of the text corresponding most closely to the Vulgate.

The Detroit Curling Club was started in 1840 when Michigan only had a population of 212, 000 and had only been in the Union for three years.

However, Mrs. Gaugain, in her 1840 The Lady's Assistant for Executing Useful and Fancy Designs in Knitting, Netting, and Crotchet Work, refers to " Tambour, or Crotchet ," then proceeds to call it " tambour " in all the instructions, indicating a strong connection believed in at the time of crochet's beginning, and that it was, perhaps, the older name.

In the June 6, 1840 issue of Philadelphia's Saturday Evening Post, Poe bought advertising space for his prospectus: " Prospectus of the Penn Magazine, a Monthly Literary journal to be edited and published in the city of Philadelphia by Edgar A.

Guatemala gained independence from Spain on September 15, 1821 ; it briefly became part of the Mexican Empire and then for a period belonged to a federation called The United Provinces of Central America, until the federation broke up in civil war in 1838 – 1840 ( See: History of Central America ).

By 1840, Haiti had ceased to export sugar entirely, although large amounts continued to be grown for local consumption as taffia-a raw rum.

The three years after Albany Academy ( 1837 to 1840 ) were mostly occupied with teaching school, except for the voyage to Liverpool in 1839.

US interest in hydraulic rams picked up around 1840, as further patents were issued and domestic companies started offering rams for sale.

* 1840 – Samuel Morse receives the patent for the telegraph.

* 1840 – Captain Charles Wilkes circumnavigates Antarctica, claiming what became known as Wilkes Land for the United States.

Thus familiarized with the phenomena associated with the movements of recent glaciers, Agassiz was prepared for a discovery which he made in 1840, in conjunction with William Buckland.

He encouraged other tradesmen also to work for only eight hours a day and in October 1840, a workers ' meeting passed a resolution supporting the idea.

* 1840 – The Penny Black postage stamp becomes valid for use in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

( More colorful versions have circulated in the folklore, suggesting, for example, that December 31, 1840 was the exact date of the first entry in the MGH records, but these seem to be urban legends.

His party was so split that his 1837 proposal for an " Independent Treasury " system did not pass until 1840.

These reforms included guarantees to ensure the Ottoman subjects perfect security for their lives, honour, and property ; the introduction of the first Ottoman paper banknotes ( 1840 ) and opening of the first post offices ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the finance system according to the French model ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the Civil and Criminal Code according to the French model ( 1840 ); the establishment of the Meclis-i Maarif-i Umumiye ( 1841 ) which was the prototype of the First Ottoman Parliament ( 1876 ); the reorganization of the army and a regular method of recruiting, levying the army, and fixing the duration of military service ( 1843 – 44 ); the adoption of an Ottoman national anthem and Ottoman national flag ( 1844 ); the first nationwide Ottoman census in 1844 ( only male citizens were counted ); the first national identity cards ( officially named the Mecidiye identity papers, or informally kafa kağıdı ( head paper ) documents, 1844 ); the institution of a Council of Public Instruction ( 1845 ) and the Ministry of Education ( Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti, 1847, which later became the Maarif Nezareti, 1857 ); the abolition of slavery and slave trade ( 1847 ); the establishment of the first modern universities ( darülfünun, 1848 ), academies ( 1848 ) and teacher schools ( darülmuallimin, 1848 ); establishment of the Ministry of Healthcare ( Tıbbiye Nezareti, 1850 ); the Commerce and Trade Code ( 1850 ); establishment of the Academy of Sciences ( Encümen-i Daniş, 1851 ); establishment of the Şirket-i Hayriye which operated the first steam-powered commuter ferries ( 1851 ); the first European style courts ( Meclis-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, 1853 ) and supreme judiciary council ( Meclis-i Ali-yi Tanzimat, 1853 ); establishment of the modern Municipality of Istanbul ( Şehremaneti, 1854 ) and the City Planning Council ( İntizam-ı Şehir Komisyonu, 1855 ); the abolition of the capitation ( Jizya ) tax on non-Muslims, with a regular method of establishing and collecting taxes ( 1856 ); non-Muslims were allowed to become soldiers ( 1856 ); various provisions for the better administration of the public service and advancement of commerce ; the establishment of the first telegraph networks ( 1847 – 1855 ) and railroads ( 1856 ); the replacement of guilds with factories ; the establishment of the Ottoman Central Bank ( originally established as the Bank-ı Osmanî in 1856, and later reorganized as the Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane in 1863 ) and the Ottoman Stock Exchange ( Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsası, established in 1866 ); the Land Code ( Arazi Kanunnamesi, 1857 ); permission for private sector publishers and printing firms with the Serbesti-i Kürşad Nizamnamesi ( 1857 ); establishment of the School of Economical and Political Sciences ( Mekteb-i Mülkiye, 1859 ); the Press and Journalism Regulation Code ( Matbuat Nizamnamesi, 1864 ); among others.

The defeat by the British Empire in the First Opium War ( 1840 ) led to the Treaty of Nanjing ( 1842 ), under which Hong Kong was ceded and opium import was legitimized.

In 1840, Gauss published his influential Dioptrische Untersuchungen, in which he gave the first systematic analysis on the formation of images under a paraxial approximation ( Gaussian optics ).

In 1840 he qualified as university lecturer in theology with a dissertation on the recensions of the New Testament text — the main part of which reappeared the following year in the prolegomena to his first edition of the Greek New Testament.

The first cable-operated railway, employing a moving rope and iron claws on the cars, was the London and Blackwall Railway, which opened in east London, England, in 1840.

In 1840 Hoffmann wrote a song about the Zollverein, also to Haydn's melody, in which he praised the free trade of German goods which brought Germans and Germany closer.

The first official attempt was the 1840 census which used a single category, " idiocy / insanity ".

The Druzes and their Christian Maronite neighbors, who had thus far lived as religious communities on friendly terms, entered a period of social disturbance in the year 1840, which culminated in the civil war of 1860.

In 1840, one of his paintings attracted attention and procured him several orders, which enabled him to go to the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf, where he studied with Lessing.

In 1840 Tenniel, while practicing fencing with his father, received a serious wound in his eye from his father's foil, which had accidentally lost its protective tip.

Grimm then began a third edition, of which only one part, comprising the vowels, appeared in 1840, his time being afterwards taken up mainly by the dictionary.

In 1837 he issued the " Prodrome " of a monograph on the recent and fossil Echinodermata, the first part of which appeared in 1838 ; in 1839 – 40 he published two quarto volumes on the fossil Echinoderms of Switzerland ; and in 1840 – 45 he issued his Etudes critiques sur les mollusques fossiles (" Critical Studies on Fossil Mollusks ").

After Napoleon's Hundred Days following his escape from Elba, Landau, which had remained French, was granted to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1816 and became the capital of one of the thirteen Bezirksämter ( counties ) of the Bavarian Rheinpfalz. In 1840 famous political cartoonist Thomas Nast was born in Landau.

" In turn after 1840 Webster's books lost market share to the McGuffey Eclectic Readers of William Holmes McGuffey, which sold over 120 million copies.