After the failed 1848 Revolution, the Great Powers did not support the Romanians ' expressed desire to officially unite in a single state, forcing Romania to proceed alone against the Turks.

In 1848 they were reorganized and given the name of " Oblates of St. Charles " and reassigned the house of the Holy Sepulchre.

These negotiations were complicated by the sudden death of Lord George on 21 September 1848, but Disraeli obtained a loan of £ 25, 000 ( equivalent to about £ as of ) from Lord George's brothers Lord Henry Bentinck and Lord Titchfield.

The house was quickly found to be too small, and John and William Smith were commissioned in 1848 to design new offices, cottages and other ancillary buildings.

Clausewitz, Hermann von Boyen ( 1771 – 1848 ) and Karl von Grolman ( 1777 – 1843 ) were Scharnhorst's primary allies in his efforts to reform the Prussian army between 1807 and 1814.

In 1848, several revolutions broke out in Europe as rulers were confronted with popular demands for liberal constitutions and more democratic government.

Irish prisoners were again sent to Bermuda in the 19th century, including participants in the ill-fated Young Irelander Rebellion of 1848 and Nationalist journalist and politician John Mitchel.

He published various books during his lifetime, with the most notable being The Communist Manifesto ( 1848 ) and Capital ( 1867 – 1894 ); some of his works were co-written with his friend and fellow German revolutionary socialist, Friedrich Engels.

When the d ' Orsay train station was converted into the Musée d ' Orsay in 1986, the collection was split, and pieces completed after the 1848 Revolution were moved to the new museum.

By 1826 de Lassaras described 12 species in three sections, and by 1848 eighteen species were known.

For a brief time the combined villages were referred to as " Michigan " but was officially named Lansing in 1848.

The 10-hour day was established in 1848, and shorter hours with the same pay were gradually accepted thereafter.

These reforms included guarantees to ensure the Ottoman subjects perfect security for their lives, honour, and property ; the introduction of the first Ottoman paper banknotes ( 1840 ) and opening of the first post offices ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the finance system according to the French model ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the Civil and Criminal Code according to the French model ( 1840 ); the establishment of the Meclis-i Maarif-i Umumiye ( 1841 ) which was the prototype of the First Ottoman Parliament ( 1876 ); the reorganization of the army and a regular method of recruiting, levying the army, and fixing the duration of military service ( 1843 – 44 ); the adoption of an Ottoman national anthem and Ottoman national flag ( 1844 ); the first nationwide Ottoman census in 1844 ( only male citizens were counted ); the first national identity cards ( officially named the Mecidiye identity papers, or informally kafa kağıdı ( head paper ) documents, 1844 ); the institution of a Council of Public Instruction ( 1845 ) and the Ministry of Education ( Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti, 1847, which later became the Maarif Nezareti, 1857 ); the abolition of slavery and slave trade ( 1847 ); the establishment of the first modern universities ( darülfünun, 1848 ), academies ( 1848 ) and teacher schools ( darülmuallimin, 1848 ); establishment of the Ministry of Healthcare ( Tıbbiye Nezareti, 1850 ); the Commerce and Trade Code ( 1850 ); establishment of the Academy of Sciences ( Encümen-i Daniş, 1851 ); establishment of the Şirket-i Hayriye which operated the first steam-powered commuter ferries ( 1851 ); the first European style courts ( Meclis-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, 1853 ) and supreme judiciary council ( Meclis-i Ali-yi Tanzimat, 1853 ); establishment of the modern Municipality of Istanbul ( Şehremaneti, 1854 ) and the City Planning Council ( İntizam-ı Şehir Komisyonu, 1855 ); the abolition of the capitation ( Jizya ) tax on non-Muslims, with a regular method of establishing and collecting taxes ( 1856 ); non-Muslims were allowed to become soldiers ( 1856 ); various provisions for the better administration of the public service and advancement of commerce ; the establishment of the first telegraph networks ( 1847 – 1855 ) and railroads ( 1856 ); the replacement of guilds with factories ; the establishment of the Ottoman Central Bank ( originally established as the Bank-ı Osmanî in 1856, and later reorganized as the Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane in 1863 ) and the Ottoman Stock Exchange ( Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsası, established in 1866 ); the Land Code ( Arazi Kanunnamesi, 1857 ); permission for private sector publishers and printing firms with the Serbesti-i Kürşad Nizamnamesi ( 1857 ); establishment of the School of Economical and Political Sciences ( Mekteb-i Mülkiye, 1859 ); the Press and Journalism Regulation Code ( Matbuat Nizamnamesi, 1864 ); among others.

They were married in November 1848, and their union was an extremely happy one.

Several processes were introduced and used for a short time between Niépce's first image and the introduction of the collodion process in 1848.

Significant events in the early development of rugby football were the production of the first set of written football laws at Rugby School in 1845, which was followed by the ' Cambridge Rules ' drawn up in 1848.

When manuals were redrafted in the mid-century, in particular after the 1848 Revolution to formulate a national curriculum, care was taken to distance their approach to rhetoric from that of the Church, which was seen as an agent of conservatism and reactionary politics.

Between 1848 and 1918, numerous institutions ( including theatres and publishing houses, as well as political, financial and cultural organisations ) were founded in the so-called Slovene National Awakening.

The cantonal armies were converted into the federal army ( Bundesheer ) with the constitution of 1848.

Also in 1848, Joseph Henry projected an image of the Sun onto a screen and determined that sunspots were cooler than the surrounding surface.

Deputies of Polish nationality were elected to the Prussian Landtag from 1848, and then to the German Empire's Reichstag from 1871.

Thus, Veneto would remain under Austrian rule, except for some cities which declared their independence in 1848, until it was annexed by the Kingdom of Italy in 1866.

Based on his role in suppressing the revolutions of 1848 and his mistaken belief that he had British diplomatic support, Nicholas moved against the Ottomans, who declared war on Russia 8 October 1853.

In 1848, nationalist and liberal revolutions began to break out across Europe ; in 1849, a Roman Republic was declared and Pope Pius IX fled the city.

In 1834, Algeria became a French military colony and, in 1848, was declared by the constitution of 1848 to be an integral part of French territory and divided into three French departments ( Algiers, Oran and Constantine ).

On July 29, 1848, and as a result of this explosive growth, the Ponce hamlet was declared a villa ( village ) by Queen Isabella II, and in 1877 the village obtained its city charter.

In 1848 during events of Spring of Nations when Polish issue was raised Arndt declared that " tribes " of Slavs and Wends " have never done or been able to do anything lasting with respect to state, science, or art " and concluded, " At the outset I assert with world history that pronounces judgment: the Poles and the whole Slavonic tribe are inferior to Germans.

In 1814, the mission Indians numbered 8, 000, and in 1848 the few who remained were declared citizens.

The Reformed Church, also on Main Street ( near borough hall ) was built in 1848 and has been declared a local historical site by the borough council.

In the meantime, Sicily proclaimed its independence under the leadership of Ruggeru Sèttimu, who on 13 April 1848 declared the King deposed.

In 1848, when Louis Philippe was overthrown, the aged Marshal-General the Duc de Dalmatie again declared himself a republican.

* in Qusantina ( Constantine in French ), an Ottoman district subject to the Algiers regency since 1525 ( had its own Beys since 1567 ), the last incumbent, Ahmed Bey ben Mohamed Chérif ( b. c. 1784, in office 1826-1848, d. 1850 ), was maintained when in 1826 the local Kabyle population declared independence, and when it was on 13 October 1837 conquered by France, until it was incorporated into Algeria in 1848.

In 1848 King Frederick VII of Denmark declared that he would grant Denmark a Liberal Constitution and the immediate goal for the Danish national movement was to secure that this Constitution would not only give rights to all Danes, that is, not only to the Kingdom of Denmark, but also to Danes ( and Germans ) living in Schleswig.

After the Bundesversammlung of the German Confederation had declared the end of its work and delegated its responsibilities to the provisional government on 12 July 1848, Archduke Johann appointed his first government, under Ministerpräsident Prince Karl zu Leiningen, on 15 July.

A constitution, the Statuto Albertino, was enacted in the year of revolutions, 1848, under liberal pressure, and under the same pressure Charles Albert declared war on Austria.

The music was officially declared the national anthem on July 25, 1848.

* Alexander Lindsay, 6th Earl of Balcarres ( 1752 – 1825 ), posthumously declared 23rd Earl of Crawford ( unclaimed ) in 1848.

* James Lindsay, 7th Earl of Balcarres ( 1783 – 1869 ), declared 24th Earl of Crawford in 1848

During his first administration, on 31 August 1848, he formally declared Costa Rica an independent republic, definitively severing Costa Rica's ties to the moribund Federal Republic of Central America.

In this feudal atmosphere of enforced silence, the editor of the short-lived journal O Progresso ( 1846 – 1848 ), Antônio Pedro de Figueiredo, spoke out for half of the province's population that were " vassals under the yoke " and declared that " the division of our soil in grand properties is the source of the major part of our ills.

Based on his role in suppressing the revolutions of 1848 and his mistaken belief that he had British diplomatic support, Nicholas moved against the Ottomans, who declared war on Russia in 1853.

The earliest documentation of him in the U. S. is an 1848 affidavit in which Waltz declared himself to be " about 38 years old ".

The new constitution was declared on September 12, 1848.

On July 1, 1848, Parker was declared a graduate of the Naval Academy after passing a board of examination and declared a Passed Midshipman.