It was not until 1854 that Pope Pius IX, with the support of the overwhelming majority of Roman Catholic bishops, whom he had consulted between 1851 – 1853, promulgated the papal bull Ineffabilis Deus ( Latin for " Ineffable God "), which defined ex cathedra the dogma of the Immaculate Conception:

In 1853 Pope Pius IX received guarantees of religious freedom from the Dutch King Willem II and established a Catholic hierarchy, loyal to the pope, in the Netherlands.

Declared Blessed by Pius IX on 30 October 1853, Bobola was canonized by Pope Pius XI on 17 April 1938.

The ecclesiastical archbishopric or archdiocese was reinstated in 1853 as the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Utrecht by Pope Pius IX.

The Diocese of Newark had been established by Pope Pius IX in 1853, just three years before the founding of the college, and it necessitated an institution for higher learning.

Perhaps the reference to Curll most often repeated by posterity is John Arbuthnot's quip that Curll's biographies had become " one of the new terrors of death " ( quoted in Robert Carruthers, The Poetical Works of Pope, 1853, vol.

The Archdiocese of San Francisco was canonically erected on July 29, 1853, by Pope Pius IX and its cathedral is the Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Assumption.

After Pope Pius IX reestablished a Catholic hierarchy in Holland in 1853, the breakaway Church of Utrecht adopted the name " Old Catholic Church " to distinguish itself from the newly created Roman hierarchy by its seniority in Holland.

* The Lutheran Aggression: A Letter to the Tranquebar Missionaries, by G. U. Pope ( 1853 )

Baraga was elevated to bishop by Pope Pius IX and consecrated November 1, 1853, in Cincinnati at Saint Peter in Chains Cathedral by Archbishop John Purcell.

When the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Francisco was erected in 1853, Alemany was appointed by Pope Pius IX as its first archbishop.

In the nineteenth century, as Catholicism grew exponentially in New England, the Diocese of Boston was carved into smaller new dioceses: on November 28, 1843, Pope Gregory XVI erected the Diocese of Hartford ; Pope Pius IX erected the Diocese of Burlington and the Diocese of Portland on July 29, 1853, the Diocese of Springfield on June 14, 1870, and the Diocese of Providence on February 16, 1872.

The modern Russian Catholic church owes much to the inspiration of poet and philosopher Vladimir Sergeyevich Solovyov ( 1853 – 1900 ), who urged, following Dante, that, just as the world needed the Tsar as a universal monarch, the Church needed the Pope of Rome as a universal ecclesial hierarch.

In 1853, Pope Pius IX founded the Catholic Church province of Utrecht.

Cyril Julian Mountfort ( 5 October 1853 – November 1920 ) was a New Zealand ecclesiastical architect.

In Dresden on 18 June 1853 Albert married Princess Carola, daughter of Gustav, Prince of Vasa and granddaughter of Gustav IV Adolf, the second to last king of Sweden of the House of Holstein-Gottorp.

* Maria II of Portugal ( 1819 – 1853 ) also known as Maria II, the Good Mother, daughter of Pedro IV of Portugal and I of Brazil and Archduchess Maria Leopoldina and mother of Pedro V of Portugal and Luis of Portugal

In 1853 King Mongkut ( Rama IV ) founded the city of Loei to administer the increasing population in the then remote area.

* Chapter IV., The State of Franklin, in The Annals of Tennessee to the End of the Eighteenth Century by J. G. M. Ramsey, 1853.

Pinas ' chronicle of King AFonso IV was first published in Lisbon in 1853 ; those of King Duarte and King Afonso V in vol.

Trade links with the rest of the Australian states were established with the Murray River being successfully navigated in 1853 by Francis Cadell, an Adelaide resident.

These reforms included guarantees to ensure the Ottoman subjects perfect security for their lives, honour, and property ; the introduction of the first Ottoman paper banknotes ( 1840 ) and opening of the first post offices ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the finance system according to the French model ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the Civil and Criminal Code according to the French model ( 1840 ); the establishment of the Meclis-i Maarif-i Umumiye ( 1841 ) which was the prototype of the First Ottoman Parliament ( 1876 ); the reorganization of the army and a regular method of recruiting, levying the army, and fixing the duration of military service ( 1843 – 44 ); the adoption of an Ottoman national anthem and Ottoman national flag ( 1844 ); the first nationwide Ottoman census in 1844 ( only male citizens were counted ); the first national identity cards ( officially named the Mecidiye identity papers, or informally kafa kağıdı ( head paper ) documents, 1844 ); the institution of a Council of Public Instruction ( 1845 ) and the Ministry of Education ( Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti, 1847, which later became the Maarif Nezareti, 1857 ); the abolition of slavery and slave trade ( 1847 ); the establishment of the first modern universities ( darülfünun, 1848 ), academies ( 1848 ) and teacher schools ( darülmuallimin, 1848 ); establishment of the Ministry of Healthcare ( Tıbbiye Nezareti, 1850 ); the Commerce and Trade Code ( 1850 ); establishment of the Academy of Sciences ( Encümen-i Daniş, 1851 ); establishment of the Şirket-i Hayriye which operated the first steam-powered commuter ferries ( 1851 ); the first European style courts ( Meclis-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, 1853 ) and supreme judiciary council ( Meclis-i Ali-yi Tanzimat, 1853 ); establishment of the modern Municipality of Istanbul ( Şehremaneti, 1854 ) and the City Planning Council ( İntizam-ı Şehir Komisyonu, 1855 ); the abolition of the capitation ( Jizya ) tax on non-Muslims, with a regular method of establishing and collecting taxes ( 1856 ); non-Muslims were allowed to become soldiers ( 1856 ); various provisions for the better administration of the public service and advancement of commerce ; the establishment of the first telegraph networks ( 1847 – 1855 ) and railroads ( 1856 ); the replacement of guilds with factories ; the establishment of the Ottoman Central Bank ( originally established as the Bank-ı Osmanî in 1856, and later reorganized as the Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane in 1863 ) and the Ottoman Stock Exchange ( Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsası, established in 1866 ); the Land Code ( Arazi Kanunnamesi, 1857 ); permission for private sector publishers and printing firms with the Serbesti-i Kürşad Nizamnamesi ( 1857 ); establishment of the School of Economical and Political Sciences ( Mekteb-i Mülkiye, 1859 ); the Press and Journalism Regulation Code ( Matbuat Nizamnamesi, 1864 ); among others.

Telegrafverket ( literally: Royal Telegraph Agency ) was founded in 1853, when the first electric telegraph line was established between Stockholm and Uppsala.

However, it was during the later reigns of King Mongkut ( 1804 – 1868 ), and his son King Chulalongkorn ( 1853 – 1910 ), that Thailand established firm rapprochement with Western powers.

Meanwhile, Congregational minister Henry Durant, an alumnus of Yale, had established the private Contra Costa Academy, on June 20, 1853 in Oakland, California.

The modelling profession was first established in 1853, when Charles Frederick Worth used his wife Marie Vernet Worth to model his clothes.

The original settlement in what is now the downtown was initially called " Contra Costa " (" opposite shore ", the Spanish name for the lands on the east side of the Bay ) and was included in Contra Costa County before Alameda County was established on March 25, 1853.

Category: Companies established in 1853

Category: Educational institutions established in 1853

Category: Companies established in 1853

Argentina had an electoral college established by its original 1853 constitution, which was used to elect its president during that country's periods of democracy.

Since 1924, the building has been established as the Museum of the History of Science, with exhibitions including the scientific instruments given to Oxford University by Lewis Evans ( 1853 – 1930 ), amongst them the world's largest collection of astrolabes.

* 1853 First post office is established at Hamilton.

Tillamook County, the twelfth county in Oregon to be organized, was established on December 15, 1853, when the Territorial Legislature approved an act to create the new county out of an area previously included in Clatsop, Yamhill and Polk Counties.

Although exploration and trapping in the area occurred as early as 1828, the first settlement was established at Empire City in 1853, now part of Coos Bay, Oregon, by members of the Coos Bay Company.

The town of Milford was established in 1816 by George Reed, Marysville in 1819 by Samuel Culbertson, Richwood in 1832 by Philip Plumber, Kingsville in 1834, Somerville in 1835, Watkins and Arbelia in 1838, Newton in 1838 by David Paul, York Center in 1841, Frankfort in 1846, Unionville in 1847, Pharisburg in 1847, New California in 1853, Dover in 1854, Union Center in 1863, Broadway in 1865, Pottersburg in 1869, Peoria in 1870, Magnetic Springs in 1879, and Claibourne in 1881.

The town of Dobson was established in 1853 to be the new county seat.

Scott County was established and organized by an Act passed in the legislature on March 5, 1853.

The county was established within its present boundaries in 1851 and originated in 1853.

Category: Populated places established in 1853

By 1853, the new partnership announced the precision vernier caliper as the first fruit of their joint efforts.

* 1853 – The first passenger rail opens in India, from Bori Bunder, Bombay to Thane.

The term bunyip aristocracy was first coined in 1853 to describe Australians aspiring to be aristocrats.

After a few presidents of the Provisional Junta, there were again consuls of the republic, 14 March 1841 – 13 March 1844 ( ruling jointly, but occasionally styled " first consul ", " second consul "): Carlos Antonio López Ynsfrán ( b. 1792 – d. 1862 ) + Mariano Roque Alonzo Romero ( d. 1853 ) ( the lasts of the aforementioned juntistas, Commandant-General of the Army )

His father, Henry Churchill de Mille ( 1853 – 1893 ), was a North Carolina-born dramatist and lay reader in the Episcopal Church, who had earlier begun a career as a playwright, writing his first play at age 15.

* 1853 – Opening of the first major US world's fair, the Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations in New York City.

It was the only painting he ever dated, and was the first work to garner him official recognition, a second-class medal at the 1853 salon.

However, the similarity of Brahms's music to that of late Beethoven had first been noted as early as November 1853, in a letter from Albert Dietrich to Ernst Naumann.

However in the 19th century the river supported a substantial commercial trade using shallow-draft paddle steamers, the first trips being made by two boats from South Australia on the spring flood of 1853.

* 1853 – Emilie Kempin-Spyri, first woman in Switzerland to graduate with a law degree ( d. 1901 )

Isaac I. Stevens, the first governor of Washington Territory, wrote about Mount Baker in 1853:

* 1853 – Helen Magill White, first American woman to earn a PhD ( d. 1944 )