The United States took possession of the island in 1857, claiming it under the Guano Islands Act of 1856.

On the beaches of Normandy in about 1856 / 1857, he met fellow artist Eugène Boudin, who became his mentor and taught him to use oil paints.

In 1857 an addendum to the 1855 treaty permitted a British military mission to become a presence in Kandahar ( but not Kabul ) during a conflict with the Persians, who had attacked Herat in 1856.

Howland Island was uninhabited when the United States took possession of it in 1857 under the Guano Islands Act of 1856.

These reforms included guarantees to ensure the Ottoman subjects perfect security for their lives, honour, and property ; the introduction of the first Ottoman paper banknotes ( 1840 ) and opening of the first post offices ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the finance system according to the French model ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the Civil and Criminal Code according to the French model ( 1840 ); the establishment of the Meclis-i Maarif-i Umumiye ( 1841 ) which was the prototype of the First Ottoman Parliament ( 1876 ); the reorganization of the army and a regular method of recruiting, levying the army, and fixing the duration of military service ( 1843 – 44 ); the adoption of an Ottoman national anthem and Ottoman national flag ( 1844 ); the first nationwide Ottoman census in 1844 ( only male citizens were counted ); the first national identity cards ( officially named the Mecidiye identity papers, or informally kafa kağıdı ( head paper ) documents, 1844 ); the institution of a Council of Public Instruction ( 1845 ) and the Ministry of Education ( Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti, 1847, which later became the Maarif Nezareti, 1857 ); the abolition of slavery and slave trade ( 1847 ); the establishment of the first modern universities ( darülfünun, 1848 ), academies ( 1848 ) and teacher schools ( darülmuallimin, 1848 ); establishment of the Ministry of Healthcare ( Tıbbiye Nezareti, 1850 ); the Commerce and Trade Code ( 1850 ); establishment of the Academy of Sciences ( Encümen-i Daniş, 1851 ); establishment of the Şirket-i Hayriye which operated the first steam-powered commuter ferries ( 1851 ); the first European style courts ( Meclis-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, 1853 ) and supreme judiciary council ( Meclis-i Ali-yi Tanzimat, 1853 ); establishment of the modern Municipality of Istanbul ( Şehremaneti, 1854 ) and the City Planning Council ( İntizam-ı Şehir Komisyonu, 1855 ); the abolition of the capitation ( Jizya ) tax on non-Muslims, with a regular method of establishing and collecting taxes ( 1856 ); non-Muslims were allowed to become soldiers ( 1856 ); various provisions for the better administration of the public service and advancement of commerce ; the establishment of the first telegraph networks ( 1847 – 1855 ) and railroads ( 1856 ); the replacement of guilds with factories ; the establishment of the Ottoman Central Bank ( originally established as the Bank-ı Osmanî in 1856, and later reorganized as the Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane in 1863 ) and the Ottoman Stock Exchange ( Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsası, established in 1866 ); the Land Code ( Arazi Kanunnamesi, 1857 ); permission for private sector publishers and printing firms with the Serbesti-i Kürşad Nizamnamesi ( 1857 ); establishment of the School of Economical and Political Sciences ( Mekteb-i Mülkiye, 1859 ); the Press and Journalism Regulation Code ( Matbuat Nizamnamesi, 1864 ); among others.

< tr bgcolor ="# FFFFFF ">< td > 3 < td > Henry Parker < td >< td > 3 October 1856 < td > 7 September 1857

< tr >< td > 1 < td > William Champ < td >< td > 1 November 1856 < td > 26 February 1857

Between 1857 and 1861 all stamps originally issued between 1851 to 1856 were reissued with perforations.

In 1856, the first Board of Trustees meeting was held ; articles of Incorporation were adopted ; and classes began January 7, 1857.

When this Act expired in 1856 a Select Committee was appointed by the Lords in 1857 to look into the question.

A French version translated by E. Milien Pacini and called Le trouvère was first performed at La Monnaie in Brussels on 20 May 1856 and at the Paris Opera's Salle Le Peletier on 12 January 1857.

While the earliest extant sketches date from December 1856, it was not until August 1857, however, that Wagner began devoting his attention entirely to the opera, putting aside the composition of Siegfried to do so.

The Moldovan-Russian boundary between 1856 / 1857 and 1878

Garfield was an instructor in classical languages for the 1856 – 1857 academic year and was made Principal of the Institute from 1857 to 1860, successfully restoring it to viability after it had fallen on hard times.

Despite her parents ' reluctance, the two were married on November 11, 1856, with Patrick Cleburne serving as best man.

Previously, Workman had been president of the St Patrick ’ s Society before it became an exclusively Roman Catholic organization in 1856.

In 1856 he was made a Knight of the Order of St Patrick.

Diocesan records show that local Catholic families believed the Know Nothings ignited the fire that destroyed St. Patrick ’ s in 1856.

These murders were observed by Jasper O ’ Farrell, a famous architect and designer of San Francisco, who wrote a letter detailing it to the Los Angeles Star published on September 27, 1856.

After the inception of the Victoria Cross ( VC ) in 1856, three members of the 17th received the award for acts of gallantry in the charge: These were Troop Sergeant-Major John Berryman, Sergeant-Major Charles Wooden, and Sergeant John Farrell.

In 1856, under the direction of Postmaster General James Campbell, Toppan and Carpenter, ( commissioned by the U. S. government to print U. S. postage stamps through the 1850s ) purchased a rotary machine designed to separate stamps, patented in England in 1854 by William and Henry Bemrose, who were printers in Derby, England.

In the introduction to the 1967 edition of the book, Elliot Schaffer notes that in his short lifetime James Hunt is said to have treated over 1, 700 cases of speech impediment, firstly in his father's practise and later at his own institute, Ore House near Hastings, which he set up with the aid a doctorate he had purchased in 1856 from the University of Giessen in Germany.

In 1856, I. W. Pearce purchased the warehouse of Jones, conducted the business.

Enoch Parson Chisholm and his brother B. Frank Chisholm, from which the community's name was derived, purchased from Latham in 1856.

In 1856, Julian Feild purchased in the Mansfield area.

The building was purchased from the church in 1856 and began trading in the same year.

Colt purchased a large tract of land beside the Connecticut River, where he built his first factory in 1848, a larger factory called the Colt Armory in 1855, a manor that he called Armsmear in 1856, and employee tenement housing.

In 1856, George Shawk purchased an electrical engineering business in Cleveland, Ohio.

* Benjamin Chair Factory, at Elm Grove, purchased c. 1856 from the Rice Brothers who cast steel plows there, and operated until 1942, by successive generations George, Andrew and Samuel Benjamin, produced thousands of variants of hardwood chairs, the seats of which were caned in local homes by housewives of millworkers.

The whole complex, purchased for the first time at the beginning of March 1856, was called Miramar, after the name of Prince Ferdinand of Saxony ’ s residence in Pena, Portugal.

Colt purchased a large tract of land beside the Connecticut River, where he built his first factory in 1848, a larger factory called the Colt Armory in 1855, a manor that he called Armsmear in 1856, and employee tenemant housing.

Alexander Brodie Spark ( 1792 – 1856 ) purchased the estate on the Cooks River in 1826 and built Tempe House in 1828.

For a few months the railway was operated under contract by its engineer George Parker Bidder but in 1856 it was leased to the LB & SCR and then purchased outright in 1858.

In 1856, when plans for a new chamber for the Legislative Council were not ready in time, this building was purchased and shipped to Sydney, where it was erected as an extension to Parliament House.

He had purchased the house and grounds of Beechwood, by Sparkwell, Devon in 1856 and lived there in retirement.

In 1856, Nathaniel and his wife purchased the property at 33 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré in Paris from Denis, duc Decrès.

In 1856, the " E. A. Packer " 4-4-0 was purchased from William Mason of Taunton, Massachusetts.

This was replaced in the 19th century by a town hall ( with the butter market held under it ) built in 1848 by a company ( formed in 1841 ) which purchased the market rights from Lord Forester in 1856.

In 1856, Felicissimo Antonio Pereira, coming from Minas Gerais, purchased land and settled, near the current center of Bauru, the Fazenda das Flores ( Farm of Flowers ).

The government purchased the Tutaekuri Block in 1856 which was subdivided, with Ahuriri Block, as the river Meeanee District and released for sale in April 1857.

In 1845 the manor and advowson of Ratlinghope were purchased by Robert Scott, of Great Barr, Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Walsall, and at his death in 1856 they passed to his son John Charles Addyes Scott, who died in 1888, and on the death of his widow in 1907, their son, James Robert Scott, became lord of the manor and patron of Ratlinghope.

In 1856 the SA & Q declared bankruptcy and its assets and charter were purchased and reorganized as the New Brunswick and Canada Railway with track extended north to Richmond Corner near the newly defined border.

John Scadding's cabin, built in 1794 just south of the present day park, was relocated to the grounds of the Canadian National Exhibition in 1879. of Scadding's farm property had been purchased by the City of Toronto in 1856 for the Don Jail, and the rest of the lands opened as a park in 1880.

The land was originally purchased by Henry Manning in 1856, with Manning's grandson, John Daniel Manning having a dairy farm in the area.

In 1856 Hargraves purchased a landing at Budgewoi on the Central Coast of New South Wales.