" The Republicans gained majorities in both House and Senate for the first time since Democrats in the 1856 elections, they were to be seated in numbers which Lincoln might use to govern, a national parliamentary majority even before pro-slavery House and Senate seats vacated.

Austro-Asiatic, which also includes Mon, Vietnamese and Munda, has been studied since 1856 and was first proposed as a language family in 1907.

In February 1856, the Chesbrough plan for the building of the United States ' first comprehensive sewerage system was approved by the Common Council.

The third pandemic erupted in 1839, persisted until 1856, extended to North Africa, and reached South America, for the first time specifically infringing upon Brazil.

The first human-made ( synthetic ) organic dye, mauveine, was discovered serendipitously by William Henry Perkin in 1856.

), the first recorded occurrences of the relevant words were Tao 1736, Tau 1747, Taouism and Taouist 1838, Taoistic 1856, Tao-ism 1858, Taoism 1903 wrong, at least antedated by Balfour ( 1881 ), Daoism 1948, Dao and Daoist 1971.

Rock Island Railroad built the first railroad bridge across the Mississippi River in 1856.

It was popularized by German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin ( 1856 – 1926 ) in 1893, 1896 and 1899 in his first detailed textbook descriptions of a condition that would eventually be reframed into a substantially different disease concept and relabeled as schizophrenia.

The most significant figure of the era, however, was General José María Urbina, who first came to power in 1851 through a coup d ' état, remained in the presidency until 1856, and then continued to dominate the political scene until 1860.

Mass public support for the captured ' rebels ' in the colony's capital of Melbourne when they were placed on trial resulted in the introduction of the Electoral Act 1856, which mandated full white male suffrage for elections for the lower house in the Victorian parliament, the first instituted political democracy in Australia.

The expression " French Fried Potatoes " first occurs in print in English in the 1856 work Cookery for Maids of All Work by E. Warren: " French Fried Potatoes.

* 1856 – The Republican Party opens its first national meeting in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Cantor's father had been a member of the Saint Petersburg stock exchange ; when he became ill, the family moved to Germany in 1856, first to Wiesbaden then to Frankfurt, seeking winters milder than those of Saint Petersburg.

Democratic party leaders saw the Republicans ' choice as an opportunity to take back the White House for the first time since 1856 if the right candidate could be found.

In 1856, he received the first Mendelssohn Scholarship and studied at the Royal Academy of Music and then at Leipzig, where he also took up conducting.

Glan Rhondda ( Banks of the Rhondda ), as it was known when it was composed, was first performed in the vestry of the original Capel Tabor, Maesteg, ( which later became a working men's club ), in either January or February 1856, by Elizabeth John from Pontypridd, and it soon became popular in the locality.

It is said Chadwick first came across baseball in 1856 in New York as a young cricket reporter, while watching a match between New York's Eagle and Gotham clubs.

Their first child, a girl, had been born in 1856 but died the same day.

The first inter-colonial cricket match to be played at the MCG was between Victoria and New South Wales in March 1856.

* 1856 – Scenes of Clerical Life, the first work of fiction by the author later known as George Eliot, is submitted for publication.

These reforms included guarantees to ensure the Ottoman subjects perfect security for their lives, honour, and property ; the introduction of the first Ottoman paper banknotes ( 1840 ) and opening of the first post offices ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the finance system according to the French model ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the Civil and Criminal Code according to the French model ( 1840 ); the establishment of the Meclis-i Maarif-i Umumiye ( 1841 ) which was the prototype of the First Ottoman Parliament ( 1876 ); the reorganization of the army and a regular method of recruiting, levying the army, and fixing the duration of military service ( 1843 – 44 ); the adoption of an Ottoman national anthem and Ottoman national flag ( 1844 ); the first nationwide Ottoman census in 1844 ( only male citizens were counted ); the first national identity cards ( officially named the Mecidiye identity papers, or informally kafa kağıdı ( head paper ) documents, 1844 ); the institution of a Council of Public Instruction ( 1845 ) and the Ministry of Education ( Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti, 1847, which later became the Maarif Nezareti, 1857 ); the abolition of slavery and slave trade ( 1847 ); the establishment of the first modern universities ( darülfünun, 1848 ), academies ( 1848 ) and teacher schools ( darülmuallimin, 1848 ); establishment of the Ministry of Healthcare ( Tıbbiye Nezareti, 1850 ); the Commerce and Trade Code ( 1850 ); establishment of the Academy of Sciences ( Encümen-i Daniş, 1851 ); establishment of the Şirket-i Hayriye which operated the first steam-powered commuter ferries ( 1851 ); the first European style courts ( Meclis-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, 1853 ) and supreme judiciary council ( Meclis-i Ali-yi Tanzimat, 1853 ); establishment of the modern Municipality of Istanbul ( Şehremaneti, 1854 ) and the City Planning Council ( İntizam-ı Şehir Komisyonu, 1855 ); the abolition of the capitation ( Jizya ) tax on non-Muslims, with a regular method of establishing and collecting taxes ( 1856 ); non-Muslims were allowed to become soldiers ( 1856 ); various provisions for the better administration of the public service and advancement of commerce ; the establishment of the first telegraph networks ( 1847 – 1855 ) and railroads ( 1856 ); the replacement of guilds with factories ; the establishment of the Ottoman Central Bank ( originally established as the Bank-ı Osmanî in 1856, and later reorganized as the Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane in 1863 ) and the Ottoman Stock Exchange ( Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsası, established in 1866 ); the Land Code ( Arazi Kanunnamesi, 1857 ); permission for private sector publishers and printing firms with the Serbesti-i Kürşad Nizamnamesi ( 1857 ); establishment of the School of Economical and Political Sciences ( Mekteb-i Mülkiye, 1859 ); the Press and Journalism Regulation Code ( Matbuat Nizamnamesi, 1864 ); among others.

Andrew R. Johnson ( 1856 – 1933 ), a native of Tallapoosa County, Alabama, was president of Homer State Bank and served on the Claiborne Parish School Board and then in the early 1910s as the mayor of Homer.

When the City of Flint incorporated, Burton Township was separated from Flint Township by the Genesee County Board of Supervisors on October 12, 1855, although the first township meeting did not take place until April 7, 1856, which is sometimes taken as the actual date of organization.

The close link with the undergraduate syllabus is underlined by the refusal until 1856 to admit Scholars to the Library ( a request for admission was rejected by the Board in 1842 on the grounds that Scholars should stick to their prescribed books and not indulge in ' those desultory habits ' that admission to an extensive library would encourage ).

for Leeds 1852, again became president of the Poor Law Board ( till 1855 ), and entered the cabinet as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster in 1856.

In December 1856 he entered the Board of Trade, gradually rising to the rank of principal in the harbour department, from which he retired in the autumn of 1901.

Championed by fellow engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel, Bazalgette was appointed chief engineer of the Commission's successor, the Metropolitan Board of Works, in 1856 ( a post which he retained until the MBW was abolished and replaced by the London County Council in 1889 ).

Within 20 years of the settlement of Melbourne in 1835, the Prahran Municipality ( later City of Prahran ) was formed in 1855, followed by the Gardiner Road Board ( later City of Malvern ) in 1856.

The area known as Gardiner ( later Malvern ) was proclaimed a Roads Board District in 1856 and became a municipality in 1871, taking the name Malvern in 1878.

On 1 April 1856, the Railway Department was established as part of the Board of Land and Works with George Christian Darbyshire being appointed Engineer in Chief.

Nevertheless, Dargan was able to carry out the work on the Cookstown extension speedily and the line was deemed to be ready for a Board of Trade inspection on 13 October 1856.

The islands were bought in 1856 by the Trustees of the Liverpool Docks, which later became known as the Mersey Docks and Harbour Board.

In 1856 Smith began his involvement in the lighthouse service, which was headquartered in Detroit, Michigan, and eventually rose to become the Engineer Secretary of the Lighthouse Board.

Bazalgette was then appointed chief engineer of the Commission's successor, the Metropolitan Board of Works in 1856, and by the end of the decade after " The Great Stink "-his proposals to modernise the London sewerage system were being implemented.

He was a member of the college's Board of Visitors from 1856 – 64.

From 1856 to 1865 he was the naval professional member of the Board of Trade.

The library opened in 1856, with a collection of 3, 800 books chosen by Mr Justice Barry, the President of Trustees.

The property was bequeathed to the Diocese by James Denton Toosey, one of the Trustees appointed after the College's closure at Bishopsbourne in 1856, with the request that it be used if possible for the revival of Christ College.

On 24 August 1856 Bessemer first described the process to a meeting of the British Association in Cheltenham which he titled " The Manufacture of Iron Without Fuel.

" At Castlemaine in April 1856, she was " rapturously encored " after her Spider Dance in front of 400 diggers ( including members of the Municipal Council who had adjourned their meeting early to attend the performance ), but drew the wrath of the audience by insulting them following some mild heckling.

After successfully seeking British support and ingratiating himself with France and Napoleon III at the Congress of Paris in 1856 at the end of the war, Count Cavour arranged a secret meeting with the French emperor.

Tell City traces its 150 + year old roots to a meeting in Cincinnati, Ohio, in November 1856.

He had also started meeting other important figures who would abet him in this goal in 1856, including César Cui, Alexander Serov, the Stasov brothers and Alexander Dargomyzhsky.

In May 1856, Stone was recorded as " Mrs. Lucy Stone Blackwell " in the minutes of the 23rd anniversary meeting in New York of the American Anti-Slavery Society.

The formation of the group began in 1856, with the first meeting of Balakirev and César Cui.

According to former governor Hugh Gregg, the United States Republican Party was born in Exeter on October 12, 1853 at the Squamscott Hotel, but nothing came of the secret meeting of Amos Tuck with other abolitionists that day, and the party was not organized in the state until 1856.

On 9 July 1856, a meeting was held at Williton to discuss a West Somerset Railway ( WSR ) from Watchet to join the B & ER at either Taunton or Bridgwater.

This first meeting had been dominated by people from Minehead, Wiveliscombe and Bridgwater but, on 1 August 1856, a second meeting was held in Taunton.

The " course " disappeared in France with the Empire in 1815, but was officially ended only in 1856 during a meeting in Paris, where every major nation except Spain, Mexico and United States was present during the Congress of Vienna.

Summoned from his mill at Coralville and still coated in flour dust, Kirkwood gave a rousing speech at the founding meeting of the Iowa Republican Party in February 1856.

The convention of members of the Executive Council meeting separately from the Governor began during Edward Stafford's first tenure as Premier ( 1856 – 1861 ).

In 1856, Kelley was invited to preach at the meeting of the Caddo River Baptist Association.

In fact, on July 4, 1856, Pierce sent federal troops to break up an attempted meeting of the shadow government in Topeka.

After attending the 1856 meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Morgan decided on an ethnology study to compare kinship systems.

Governor Thomas W. Ligon sought Swann's assistance to try to avoid riots during the 1856 Presidential elections, but little was resolved during the meeting, and riots ensued during the night of the election wounding and killing many.

A meeting of Scandinavian students in Uppsala, Sweden, 1856.

In 1856 he became president of the latter body at its meeting at Cheltenham.

Joseph Whitworth described this process to the British Association in 1840 in his paper The Mode of Producing a True Plane as he related during his chairman's address in 1856 at the inaugural meeting of the British Institute of Mechanical Engineers in Glasgow.

Popular opinion quickly turned against him, and in August 1856 a public meeting was held in Perth to protest against his methods.