* John Austin ( legal philosopher ) ( 1790 – 1859 ), English jurist

In 1859, Nobel's father left his factory in the care of the second son, Ludvig Nobel ( 1831 – 1888 ), who greatly improved the business.

* 1859 – Petroleum is discovered in Titusville, Pennsylvania leading to the world's first commercially successful oil well.

* 1779 – Carl Ritter, German geographer ( d. 1859 )

* 1785 – Thomas De Quincey, English author ( d. 1859 )

* 1859 – Charles Comiskey, American baseball player and manager ( d. 1931 )

* 1859 – The Tuscan National Assembly formally deposes the House of Habsburg-Lorraine.

* 1859 – Katharine Lee Bates, American poet ( d. 1929 )

* Alexander John Cuza, prince of Romania ( 1859 – 1866 )

* 1859 – A geomagnetic storm causes the Aurora Borealis to shine so brightly that it is seen clearly over parts of USA, Europe, and even as far away as Japan.

* 1859 – Matilda Howell, American archer ( d. 1938 )

* 1859 – Vittorio Sella, Italian photographer ( d. 1943 )

* 1917 – L. L. Zamenhof, Polish creator of Esperanto ( b. 1859 )

* 1859 – Knut Hamsun, Norwegian writer, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1952 )

* 1859 – British and French engineers break ground for the Suez Canal.

* 1944 – William Stephens, American politician ( b. 1859 )

* 1803 – James Curtiss, American politician, Mayor of Chicago ( d. 1859 )

* 1859 – Walter Camp, American football player, coach, and writer ( d. 1925 )

* 1943 – Alexandre Millerand, French politician, President of France ( b. 1859 )

Alfred Edward Housman (; 26 March 1859 – 30 April 1936 ), usually known as A. E. Housman, was an English classical scholar and poet, best known to the general public for his cycle of poems A Shropshire Lad.

* Page, Norman, ‘ Housman, Alfred Edward ( 1859 – 1936 )’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography ( Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004 )

His siblings included Sarah ( 1802 – 1859 ), Naphtali ( 1807 ), Ralph ( 1809 – 1898 ), and James ( 1813 – 1868 ).

The Viscount Palmerston, Prime Minister 1855 – 58, 1859 – 65

Between 1855 and 1867, an outpouring of great Verdi operas followed, among them such repertory staples as Un ballo in maschera ( 1859 ), La forza del destino ( commissioned by the Imperial Theatre of Saint Petersburg for 1861 but not performed until 1862 ), and a revised version of Macbeth ( 1865 ).

She is the author of seven novels, including Adam Bede ( 1859 ), The Mill on the Floss ( 1860 ), Silas Marner ( 1861 ), Middlemarch ( 1871 – 72 ), and Daniel Deronda ( 1876 ), most of them set in provincial England and known for their realism and psychological insight.

Brown ( 1835 – 1904 ), Kentucky governor 1891 – 1895, U. S. representative ( D – KY, 1859 – 1861, 1873 – 1877 )

The current limits of the Spanish territory around the fortress were fixed by treaties with Morocco in 1859, 1860, 1861, and 1894.

The discovery of silver at the Comstock Lode in 1859 led to a population boom that was an impetus to the creation of Nevada Territory out of western Utah Territory in 1861.

Piedmont was an initial springboard for Italy's unification in 1859 – 1861, following earlier unsuccessful wars against the Austrian Empire in 1820 – 1821 and 1848 – 1849.

Occupied by Piedmontese troops in 1859, Ravenna and the surrounding Romagna area became part of the new unified Kingdom of Italy in 1861.

These led to the so-called " Offenbachiade ": works including Geneviève de Brabant 1859, Le pont des soupirs 1861, La belle Hélène 1864, Barbe-bleue and La Vie parisienne both 1866, La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein 1867, La Périchole 1868 and Les brigands 1869.

Gold discoveries in Otago ( 1861 ) and Westland ( 1865 ), caused a worldwide gold rush that more doubled the population in a short period, from 71, 000 in 1859 to 164, 000 in 1863.

He married Lucretia Rudolph in 1858, and in 1860 was admitted to practice law while serving as an Ohio State Senator ( 1859 – 1861 ).

He was nominated by the party convention and then elected an Ohio state senator in 1859, serving until 1861.

In Italy a state-run school system has existed since 1859, when the Legge Casati ( Casati Act ) mandated educational responsibilities for the forthcoming Italian state ( Italian unification took place in 1861 ).

In 1854, he was elected a Republican to the United States House of Representatives for Ohio's thirteenth district where he was the Republican candidate for Speaker in the long contest of 1859 – 60 and served as chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means from 1860 to 1861.

Sherman as College President, edited by Walter L. Fleming ( Cleveland: The Arthur H. Clark Co., 1912 ) – edited letters and other documents from Sherman's 1859 – 1861 service as superintendent of the Louisiana Seminary of Learning and Military Academy.

He went to war with Austria in 1859 and won a victory at Solferino, which resulted in Austria ceding Lombardy to Piedmont, and, in return, Napoleon received Savoy and Nice in 1860, and Roquebrune-Cap-Martin and Menton in 1861.

* Editions of Cicero's Pro Murena ( 1859 ) and De lege agraria ( 1861 )

The gain of the Milanese in 1859 by the future king of Italy ( 1861 ) meant that Italy then won the valley of Livigno ( between the Upper Engadine and Bormio ), which is the only important bit it holds on the non-Italian slope of the Alps, besides the county of Tenda ( obtained in 1575, and not lost in 1860 ), with the heads of certain glens in the Maritime Alps, reserved in 1860 for reasons connected with hunting.

It was named for William J. Dickenson, delegate to the Virginia General Assembly from Russell County, 1859 – 1861, 1865 – 1867, and 1877-1882.

Robert Williamson Steele, Governor of the Provisional Government of the Territory of Jefferson from 1859 to 1861, built his home in the county at Mount Vernon and later at Apex.

The brothers and sisters were Jørgine Caroline ( 1854 – 1879 ), Mathilde Sophie ( born 1856 ), Karen Marie ( 1857 – 1876 ), Jørgen Peter ( born 1859 ) emigrated to Australia, Johan Sophus ( 1861 – 1942 ) emigrated to USA, Christian Albert ( born 1863 ) emigrated to USA, Carl August ( 1865 – 1931 ), Anders Jacob ( born 1867 ) emigrated to USA, Helene Christine Louise ( born 1869 ) emigrated to USA, Valdemar Emil ( 1871 – 1965 ), Julie Christine ( born 1872 ), Anna Dusine ( 8 January to 2 April 1875 ). All the children bore the surname Nielsen despite regulations by the Ministry of Church Affairs.

The township was first organized in 1861 and named after Moses Wisner, Governor of Michigan from 1859 – 1861.

The New Jersey legislature created Hudson County in 1840, and in 1843, it was divided into two townships: Old Bergen Township ( which eventually became Jersey City ) and North Bergen Township, which was gradually separated into Hudson County's present day municipalities: Hoboken in 1849, Weehawken and Guttenberg in 1859, and Union Township in 1861.

Marcus Peck ; 1825 – 1826, William F. Averill ; 1827 – 1833, Marcus Peck ; 1834, Peter F. Westervelt ; 1835 – 1837, John I. Vosburgh ; 1838 – 1839 ; John H. Gregory ; 1840, Calvin Sliter ; 1841, John H. Gregory ; 1842 – 1843, Solomon Coons ; 1844, Reuben A. Thomas ; 1845, S. V. R. Cole ; 1846, David Fonda ; 1847, David Luce ; 1848, Lorenzo M. Lown ; 1849 – 1850, William L. Stewart, jr .; 1851, Jacob Boyce ; 1852, W. H. Wicks ; 1853, Joseph Alden ; 1854, William H. Lyons ; 1855, Samuel D. Seymour ; 1856, Harmon Westfall ; 1857, George Sliter ; 1858, Albert H. Dutcher ; 1859 – 1861, George Sliter ; 1862, D. E. Barnes ; 1863, William H. Ford ; 1864, B. M. Wilkinson ; 1865, Jeffrey P. Thomas ; 1866 – 1867, David Horton ;

In 1859, 1860, and 1861, the village was severely damaged by fires.