By 1860 two mills on Atsena Otie Key were producing ' cedar ' slats for shipment to northern pencil factories.

In 1860 wrecking made Key West the largest and richest city in Florida and the wealthiest town per capita in the U. S. A number of the inhabitants worked salvaging shipwrecks from nearby Florida reefs, and the town was noted for the unusually high concentration of fine furniture and chandeliers that the locals used in their own homes after salvaging them from wrecks.

In the fall of 1860, as a result of a disagreement over procurement contracts, Meigs " incurred the ill will " of the Secretary of War, John B. Floyd, and was " banished to Tortugas in the Gulf of Mexico to construct fortifications at that place and at Key West.

After distinguishing himself in active service abroad, on the South American Station ( 1844 – 1846 ), in the Baltic during the Crimean War ( CB 1855 ) and China ( 1857 ), Key was appointed in 1858 a member of the Royal Commission on national defence, in 1860 Captain of the steam reserve at Devonport, and in 1863 captain of HMS Excellent and superintendent of the Old Royal Naval College.

Stanton was one of many conservative Democrats ( he supported Breckenridge in the 1860 election ) who became anti-slavery Republicans under Lincoln's leadership.

From 1850 onwards he became well known as a critic and essay-writer, and in 1860 he began working on his magnum opus, his History of Music, which was published at intervals from 1862 in five volumes, the last two ( 1878, 1882 ) being edited and completed by Otto Kade and Wilhelm Langhans.

In 1860, he became editor of Vanity Fair, a humorous New York weekly, which proved a failure.

In the 1860 United States Census the slave population in the United States had grown to four million, and in Reconstruction after the Civil War ( late 1860s ) the newly freed slaves became citizens with ( in the case of men ) a nominal right to vote.

In fact, the period from 1860 to about 1910 became the " golden age of kiting ".

Also in the 19th century, most countries of South America introduced a flag as they became independent ( Peru in 1820, Bolivia in 1851, Colombia in 1860, Brazil in 1822, etc.

With the plebiscite of 1860 the former duchy became part of the unified Kingdom of Italy.

It became the capital of the South African Republic ( ZAR ) on 1 May 1860.

The immediate followers of Pretorius now became extremely incensed at the action of the Lydenburg party, and a mass meeting was held at Potchefstroom ( October 1860 ), where it was resolved that: ( a ) the volksraad no longer enjoyed its confidence ; ( b ) that Pretorius should remain president of the South African Republic, and have a year's leave of absence to bring about union with the Free State ; ( c ) that Schoeman should act as president during the absence of Pretorius ; ( d ) that before the return of Pretorius to resume his duties a new volksraad should be elected.

To supplement his income from his medical practice, Mudd became a small scale tobacco grower, using five slaves according to the 1860 U. S. Slave Census .< ref >

After the publication of the improved method of flame spectroscopy by Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff and the discovery of caesium and rubidium in the years 1859 to 1860, flame spectroscopy became an approved method to determine the composition of minerals and chemical products.

After 1860, Japonisme, sparked by the importing of Japanese woodblock prints, became an important influence in the western arts.

In 1860 Thackeray became editor of the newly established Cornhill Magazine, but was never comfortable as an editor, preferring to contribute to the magazine as a columnist, producing his Roundabout Papers for it.

Although they had lived peaceably with most Americans in the New Mexico Territory up to about 1860, the Chiricahua became increasingly hostile to American encroachment in the Southwest after a number of provocations had occurred between them.

When Sarah was young her mother sent her to Grandchamp, an Augustine convent school near Versailles In 1860 she began attending The Conservatoire de Musique at Déclemation in Paris and eventually became a student at the Comédie Française where she would have her acting debut ( August 11, 1862 ) in the title role of Racine's Iphigénie to lackluster reviews.

Later the area became the central part of the Two Sicilies under the Bourbons, until the Italian unification of 1860 when it became part of the new state Italy.

The period from 1860 to about 1910 became the " golden age of kiting ".

For years it was an Italian dominion, then became part of France in 1860.

For the Vienna production of 1860, Carl Binder provided an overture that became famous, beginning with its bristling fanfare, followed by a tender love song, a dramatic passage, a complex waltz, and, finally, the renowned Can-can music.

Shaw despised the result, calling it " a putrid opera bouffe in the worst taste of 1860 ", but grew to regret not accepting payment when, despite his opinion of the work, it became a lucrative international success.

After the treaty annexing Nice and Savoy to France, signed in Turin on March 1860 ( Treaty of Turin ), the north-western slopes of the range became part of French repubblic.

With the introduction of the constitutionalism in the Austrian Empire in 1860, the municipal autonomy of the city was restored, with Trieste became capital of the Adriatisches Küstenland, the Austrian Littoral region.

* Socrate Polara ( 1800 – 1860 ) ( Italy ), founded the first dedicated ophthalmology clinic in Sicily in 1829 entirely as a philanthropic endeavor ; later appointed as the first director of the ophthalmology department at the Grand Hospital of Palermo, Sicily ( Italy ) in 1831 after the Sicilian government became convinced of the importance of state support for the specialization.

After November 1860, it became the Chicago Daily Tribune.

Anti-slavery Northerners mobilized in 1860 behind moderate Abraham Lincoln because he was most likely to carry the doubtful western states.

These were originally four in number, reduced to two in 1860, the eastern division being administered from Ipswich and the western from Bury St Edmunds.

The final act in this long-continued struggle took place in 1860, when France obtained by cession the rest of the county of Nice and also Savoy, thus remaining sole ruler on the western slope of the Alps.

* West Benton was a rural post office in the western part part of the township, which operated from January 12, 1855 until October 19, 1860.

In 1860, the western part of Hope was used to form the Town of Benson.

In 1860, the western boundary of West Deer was moved eastward, the land being used to form Richland Township.

In the span between 1850 and 1860, Norris also travelled to the western states.

On 18 October 1860, the western forces went on to loot and burn the Imperial Summer Palaces of Qīngyī Yuán ( 清漪园 / 清漪園 ) and Yuánmíng Yuán ( 圆明园 / 圓明園 ).

Owen Wister ( July 14, 1860 – July 21, 1938 ) was an American writer and " father " of western fiction.

In 1860, he was living in Sebastian County near Fort Smith in western Arkansas.

In 1860, he made extensive forays into the central and western Alps to produce a series of commissioned alpine scenery drawings.

* Exploration-British North America: The journals, detailed reports, and observations relative to the exploration, by Captain Palliser, of that portion of British North America, which, in latitude, lies between the British boundary line and the height of land or watershed of the northern or frozen ocean respectively, and in longitude, between the western shore of Lake Superior and the Pacific Ocean during the years 1857, 1858, 1859, and 1860 ( 1863 )

David Rumsey Collection Oregon, Washington Territory, western Nebraska Territory, southern British Columbia, in 1860.

The major part of the City was first incorporated in 1860 as the Mornington Roads District, which became a shire in 1871 and was renamed Shire of Frankston and Hastings in 1893, losing its western riding to form the Shire of Mornington, which has since been amalgamated into the Shire of Mornington Peninsula.

* Richard Secord ( Alberta politician ) ( 1860 – 1935 ), politician in western Canada

The British North American Exploring Expedition, commonly called the Palliser Expedition, explored and surveyed the open prairies and rugged wilderness of western Canada from 1857 to 1860.

In 1860, when the Democratic Party refused to add the support of extending slavery to the western territories, the party split.

United States Secretary of State William Seward predicted in 1860 that western British North America, from Manitoba to British Columbia, would with Russian Alaska join the United States.

In 1860, during the Colorado Gold Rush, Berthoud and his wife Helen settled in the western part of the territory in the new town of Golden.

D. l. fuscipennis ( P. L. Sclater, 1860 ) – western Ecuador and northwestern Peru.

The Majorelle firm's factory was designed by famous École de Nancy architect Lucien Weissenburger ( 1860 – 1929 ) and located at 6, rue du Vieil-Aître in the western part of Nancy.

The Bummers gang was a western outlaw gang that operated in the Colorado Territory between 1855 to 1860, led by Eddie " the Shooter " Coleman.

During 1860 and 1861 Craven began the removal of a large chalk hill on the western side of the main line, which had been dumped during the construction of the main line.