Samuel Morse received his first ever patent for the telegraph in 1847, at the old Beylerbeyi Palace ( the present Beylerbeyi Palace was built in 1861 – 1865 on the same location ) in Istanbul, which was issued by Sultan Abdülmecid who personally tested the new invention.

Samuel Morse received a patent for the telegraph in 1847, at the old Beylerbeyi Palace ( the present Beylerbeyi Palace was built in 1861 – 1865 on the same location ) in Istanbul, which was issued by Sultan Abdülmecid who personally tested the new invention.

He served as a General in the Union Army during the American Civil War ( 1861 – 65 ), for which he received recognition for his outstanding command of military strategy as well as criticism for the harshness of the " scorched earth " policies that he implemented in conducting total war against the Confederate States.

He went to war with Austria in 1859 and won a victory at Solferino, which resulted in Austria ceding Lombardy to Piedmont, and, in return, Napoleon received Savoy and Nice in 1860, and Roquebrune-Cap-Martin and Menton in 1861.

Turner eventually received praise in a seminal Atlantic Monthly article in 1861 by Thomas Higginson, who called him a man " who knew no book but the Bible, and that by heart -- who devoted himself soul and body to the cause of his race ".

Perry attended Kalamazoo Theological Seminary from 1860 – 1861, but left before he received a diploma.

The Jefferson Territory never received federal sanction, but on February 28, 1861, U. S. President James Buchanan signed an act organizing the Territory of Colorado.

The Jefferson Territory never received federal sanction, but during his last week in office, President James Buchanan signed an act which organized the Territory of Colorado on February 28, 1861.

The Jefferson Territory never received federal sanction, but on February 28, 1861, U. S. President James Buchanan signed an act organizing the Territory of Colorado .< ref name = ColoradoTerritory >

Nevertheless, the aid received enabled the liberals to overcome the conservatives ' initial military advantage ; Juárez's government successfully defended Veracruz from assault twice during 1860 and recaptured Mexico City on 1 January 1861.

Once populated by only the natives and the Grizzly bears, from which the area received its name, Big Bear Valley grew rapidly during the Southern California Gold Rush from 1861 to 1912.

Brigham Young sent a scouting party to Uinta Basin in 1861 and received word back the area was good for nothing but nomad purposes, hunting grounds for Indians and " to hold the world together.

Placed under the direction of the Oblates of Mary Immaculate, it was renamed the College of Ottawa in 1861 and received university status five years later through royal charter.

He received a commission as a brigadier general on July 19, 1861, and served first as a brigade commander in the ( Confederate ) Army of the Potomac, and then in David R. Jones's division of the Army of Northern Virginia through the Peninsula Campaign, Seven Days Battles, Northern Virginia Campaign, and Maryland Campaign.

Ex Voto ( 1861 ), a work of great power and insight, now in the museum at Dijon, was received by his friends with enthusiasm, but it only obtained a mention at the Salon.

On December 25, 1861 at Lincoln's invitation, Sumner read letters he received from prominent British political figures, including Cobden, Bright, Gladstone, and the Duke of Argyll, to Lincoln's Cabinet.

Smith received great help from his brother, Arthur W. W. Smith ( 1825 – 1861 ), who had also been educated in medicine and who managed the entertainments at the Egyptian Hall from 1852 to 1860.

They received land grants from Governor James Douglas and started running the Anderson sawmill at the mouth of the Somass River in August 1861.

In April 1861, he received a telegram from the Confederate States government and went to Richmond, Virginia, to assist in the establishment of the commissary, quartermaster, and ordnance departments for the Confederate military.

In May 1861 he received a commission as Colonel of the 13th Arkansas Infantry.

In 1861 he received the titular rank of bishop, but without a see.

His victories at Rich Mountain and Corrick's Ford in July 1861 were among the very first Union victories of the war, but his superior, Maj. Gen. McClellan, received the credit.

These three banks received the exclusive right to issue paper currency in 1861 with the Paper Currency Act, a right they retained until the formation of the Reserve Bank of India.

On May 13, 1861, on the recommendation of Russell, Queen Victoria issued a declaration of neutrality that served as recognition of Southern belligerency — a status that provided Confederate ships the same privileges in foreign ports that U. S. ships received.

* 1861 – American Civil War: Robert E. Lee resigns his commission in the United States Army in order to command the forces of the state of Virginia.

He met with Confederate President Jefferson Davis at the executive mansion on June 22, 1861, where he was informed that he had been appointed a brigadier general with date of rank on June 17, a commission he accepted on June 25.

* USS Gem of the Sea ( 1861 ), a United States Navy bark in commission from 1861 to 1865

Arriving after the First Battle of Bull Run, he resigned his commission in the U. S. Army on June 25, 1861 ; he had been holding a commission as a major in the Confederate States Army Artillery since March 16.

*, a timberclad gunboat in commission from 1861 to 1865

From 1859 to 1861, he held a commission as a colonel in the California militia.

He resigned his commission as a Major in the London Rifle Volunteer Brigade in June 1861.

On March 1, 1861, just before the outbreak of the Civil War, Hill resigned his U. S. Army commission.

After learning of the secession of his home state of Georgia, Alexander resigned his U. S. Army commission on May 1, 1861, to join the Confederate Army as a captain of engineers.

He commanded the forces around New Orleans until April 16, but his commission was transferred to be a brigadier general of the Confederate States Army on March 7, 1861.

Shortly after the outbreak of the Civil War in April 1861, he resigned his commission.

At the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, Beall resigned his commission and was appointed as a captain of cavalry in the Confederate Army.

In 1861 at the age of sixteen, Ludwig began his military career when his uncle, King Maximilian II of Bavaria, gave him a commission as a lieutenant in the 6th Jägerbattalion.

Hardee resigned his U. S. Army commission on January 31, 1861, after his home state of Georgia seceded from the Union.

As the nation moved towards Civil War, Ewell had generally pro-Union sentiments, but when his home state of Virginia seceded, Ewell resigned his U. S. Army commission on May 7, 1861, to join the Virginia Provisional Army.

In August 1861, he received a commission of major in the 21st Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry.

On January 31, 1861, Smith was promoted to major, but resigned his commission in the U. S. Army on April 6 to join the Confederacy.

At the start of the American Civil War in 1861, Pemberton chose to resign his commission and join the Confederate cause, despite his Northern birth and the fact that his two younger brothers both fought for the Union.

Texas seceded from the union on February 1, 1861, and on February 14, McCulloch received a colonel's commission from Confederate President Jefferson Davis, with the comment that " to Texans, a moment's notice is sufficient when their State demands their service.

* Shark, a schooner captured in 1861, acquired by the Navy in 1863, and in commission as from January 1865 to August 1865