Many people seem hopeful, yet it is difficult to predict whether or not there will be any more real attainment of Christian unity in 1961 than there was in 1861.

From there it spread to the United States, arriving at Yale University in 1861, and then to the United Kingdom in 1921.

After this, in the mid to late 19th century, only in autonomous Galicia ( 1861 – 1914 ) was there a unicameral, functioning National Sejm ; it is recognised today as having played a major, and overwhelming positive role in the development of Polish national institutions.

However, there were problems with this system, exemplified by the transcontinental telegraph line constructed in 1861 by the Western Union Company between Saint Joseph, Missouri, and Sacramento, California.

The Law Commission stated its view that " the deliberate or reckless causing of disease should not be beyond the reach of the criminal law " and there is continuing debate over whether the transmission of HIV is covered as grievous bodily harm or under sections 22 to 24 of the Offences against the Person Act 1861.

In Central Oregon there was the Santiam Wagon Road ( established 1861 ), which roughly parallels Oregon Highway 20 to the Willamette Valley.

A. W. Murray, the earliest European missionary in Tuvalu, reported that in 1863 about 180 people were taken from Funafuti and about 200 were taken from Nukulaelae as there were fewer than 100 of the 300 recorded in 1861 as living on Nukulaelae.

Almost immediately the three upper classes were detached and ordered to sea, and the remaining elements of the academy were transported to Fort Adams, Newport, Rhode Island by the USS Constitution in April 1861 and setup in temporary facilities and opened there in May.

Unionville was the first county seat in 1861 until the mining boom died there and it was moved to Winnemucca on the transcontinental railroad line in 1873.

By the start of the American Civil War in 1861 there were several small river mill settlements, some mining camps and about nine or ten towns ( seven platted ) in Jasper County, Missouri.

Growth was slow during the war years of 1861 to 1865 but started to boom shortly there after Veterans of the Civil War took advantage of the homestead act and many came to Mason County after the war to start a new life.

Double Bridges being the site where two bridges spanned either side of Owen's Island in the middle of the Flint River ; a brief Civil War ( 1861 – 65 ) cavalry skirmish took place there.

A post office was established there in 1861, but had been discontinued by 1880.

In 1861 the war broke out, and as nearly every able-bodied man in Iola, as well as the county, had entered the army there was no chance for improvement ; and until the close of the war, in 1865, the town grew to be no larger than it was in 1860.

By 1861 there were several small river mill settlements, some mining camps and about nine or ten towns ( seven platted ) in Jasper County, Missouri.

The name Antes Fort was not bestowed on the village until 1861 when the United States Post Office established a branch there and named it in honor of Colonel Antes ' stockade.

Creeks in the township supplied water power to 14 mills in 1861, and in 1876 there were 19 sawmills, a shingle mill, a woolen factory, and a tannery there.

The city council stopped holding meetings in 1861 ; by the end of the war the town had almost disappeared, and only a few people lived there.

By 1838, there were 36 houses on the island, and in 1861 the island voted 132-2 not to secede from the Union and against slavery.

Later in 1861, General William Rosecrans bivouacked 10, 000 Union troops there, including future President William McKinley.

On April 27, 1861, he told General Winfield Scott ( commander-in-chief of the army ) that if there was any resistance on the " military line " from Annapolis to Washington, Scott or " the officer in command at the point " was authorized to suspend habeas corpus if necessary.

In 1861 there were at least 30 shoddy mills in Batley.

The one of 1861 made clear that in making their government the people were acting through their states, whereas the Preamble of 1787-89 expressed, as clearly as language can, the opposite concept, that they were acting directly as citizens.

On August 6, 1861, Lincoln signed the Confiscation Act that authorized judiciary proceedings to confiscate and free slaves who were used to support the Confederate war effort.

The ends of the tunnel were sealed in the fall of 1861.

Between 1861 and 1871, the Tanzimat reforms which began during the reign of his brother Abdülmecid I were continued under the leadership of his chief ministers, Keçecizade Mehmet Fuat Pasha and Mehmed Emin Aali Pasha.

In 1861, outlying suburbs including Wedding, Moabit, and several others were incorporated into Berlin.

The names dyne and erg were first proposed as units of force and energy in 1861 by Everett.

In several stages between 1816 and 1861, the 21 existing Light Dragoon regiments in the British Army were disbanded or converted to lancers or hussars.

In 1861 the two existing U. S. Dragoon regiments were re-designated as the 1st and 2nd Cavalry.

Electricity and magnetism ( and light ) were definitively linked by James Clerk Maxwell, in particular in his " On Physical Lines of Force " in 1861 and 1862.

Each of the other candidates had hindrances to his nomination: Bayard had spoken in favor of secession in 1861, making him unacceptable to Northerners ; Butler, conversely, was reviled throughout the South for his actions during the Civil War ; Thurman was generally well liked, but was growing old and infirm, and his views on the silver question were uncertain.

After Italy was unified in 1861, many of Verdi's early operas were re-interpreted as Risorgimento works with hidden Revolutionary messages that probably had not been intended by either the composer or librettist.

The last vestiges of serfdom were abolished in Russia in 1861 and Balkan nations began to regain independence from the Ottoman Empire.

The articles comprising London Labour and the London Poor were initially collected into three volumes in 1851 ; the 1861 edition included a fourth volume, co-written with Bracebridge Hemyng, John Binny and Andrew Halliday, on the lives of prostitutes, thieves and beggars.

In the American Civil War ( 1861 – 65 ), as was typical of the 19th century, more soldiers died of disease than in battle, and even larger numbers were temporarily incapacitated by wounds, disease and accidents.

The first milestones in the Japanese media history were newspapers in the Meiji period, the first being the Nagasaki Shipping List & Advertiser, founded 1861 in Nagasaki, with the telegraph and telephone following suit.

In July 1860, with European intervention threatening, the Turkish government tried to quiet the strife, but Napoleon III of France sent 7, 000 troops to Beirut and helped impose a partition: The Druze control of the territory was recognized as the fact on the ground, and the Maronites were forced into an enclave, arrangements ratified by the Concert of Europe in 1861.

During the period of the semi-autonomous province ( Mutasarrifia ) period of Mount Lebanon between 1861 and 1914, no Turkish troops were allowed to station within its boundary.

The current limits of the Spanish territory around the fortress were fixed by treaties with Morocco in 1859, 1860, 1861, and 1894.

In 1861 the Ceylon Light Infantry Volunteers were raised as a militia, but soon became a military reserve force.

Until 1861 the militia were an entirely infantry force, but in that year a number of county regiments were converted to artillery.

In Lebanon, modern police were established in 1861, with creation of the Gendarmerie.