In recognition of his contribution to the creation of modern electrical science, an international convention signed in 1881 established the ampere as a standard unit of electrical measurement, along with the coulomb, volt, ohm, and watt, which are named, respectively, after Ampère ’ s contemporaries Charles-Augustin de Coulomb of France, Alessandro Volta of Italy, Georg Ohm of Germany, and James Watt of Scotland.

Hasan Ali Shah died after an imamate of sixty-four years in April 1881.

First Turkish encyclopedia was Kamus-ül-Ulûm ve ’ l-Maarif written by Ali Suvai in 1870 after that Ahmet Rifat Efendi's 7 volumes work " Lûgaat-i Tarihiye ve Coğrafiye " ( Dictionary of History and Geography ) published in Istanbul at 1881.

He wrote two more autobiographies, with his last, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, published in 1881 and covering events through and after the Civil War.

Finally, after several attempts, Alexander II was assassinated by anarchists in 1881, on the very day he had approved a proposal to call a representative assembly to consider new reforms in addition to the abolition of serfdom designed to ameliorate revolutionary demands.

His father, Arthur Simon ( 1881 – 1948 ), was an electrical engineer who had come to the United States from Germany in 1903 after earning his engineering degree from the Technische Hochschule of Darmstadt.

In 1881 Higaonna Kanryō returned from China after years of instruction with Ryu Ryu Ko and founded what would become Naha-te.

The publication of their result in 1887, the null result, was the first clear demonstration that something was seriously wrong with the aether concept of that time ( after Michelson's first experiment in 1881 that wasn't fully conclusive ).

Recognized on March 26, 1881 after the end of the Romanian War of Independence.

Under the reforms introduced by Secretary of State for War Hugh Childers in 1881, the remaining militia infantry regiments were redesignated as numbered battalions of regiments of the line, ranking after the two regular battalions.

John Stephens was a prosperous real estate developer after the Civil War and one of the founders of the Gate City Street Railroad ( 1881 ), a mule-drawn Atlanta trolley system.

Waterhouse was dismissed as architect in 1878 and succeeded by George Gilbert Scott, who, after extending the Chapel, provided additional accommodation with the construction of New Court in 1881, with letters on a series of shields along the string course above the first floor spelling out the Psalm text " Nisi Dominus aedificat domum …" (" Except the Lord build the house, their labour is but vain that build it ").

On March 13, 1881, Alexander was killed after returning from a military parade.

He became treasurer of the National Liberal League in 1879 ; but after the Irish coercive measures of 1881, he finally abandoned the Liberal Party and advanced into socialist politics.

The Last Spike by Thomas Hill ( 1881 ) Six years after the groundbreaking, laborers of the Central Pacific Railroad from the west and the Union Pacific Railroad from the east met at Promontory Summit, Utah.

In 1862, after Wallachia and Moldavia were united to form the Principality of Romania, Bucharest became the new nation's capital ; in 1881, it became the political centre of the newly-proclaimed Kingdom of Romania under Carol I.

In March 1881, after heavy lobbying by Los Angeles residents, the California State Legislature authorized the creation of a southern branch of the California State Normal School ( which later became San Jose State University ) in downtown Los Angeles to train teachers for the growing population of Southern California.

Boris Godunov was performed 21 times during the composer's lifetime, and 5 times after his death ( in 1881 ) before being withdrawn from the repertory on 8 November 1882.

James Abram Garfield ( November 19, 1831 – September 19, 1881 ) served as the 20th President of the United States, after completing nine consecutive terms in the U. S. House of Representatives.

It was last created in 1881, for the fourth son of Queen Victoria ; the dukedom was then suspended under the Titles Deprivation Act after its holder fought on the side of Germany during World War I.

In 1881, Alexandra and Albert Edward travelled to Saint Petersburg after the assassination of Alexander II of Russia, both to represent Britain and so that Alexandra could provide comfort to her sister, who was now the Tsarina.

Edmond de Goncourt modeled his acrobat-mimes in his The Zemganno Brothers ( 1879 ) upon them ; J .- K. Huysmans ( whose Against Nature would become Dorian Gray's bible ) and his friend Léon Hennique wrote their pantomime Skeptical Pierrot ( 1881 ) after seeing them perform at the Folies Bergère.

The earliest emergency medical service was reportedly the rescue society founded by Jaromir V. Mundy, Count J. N. Wilczek, and Eduard Lamezan-Salins in Vienna after the disastrous fire at the Vienna Ring Theater in 1881.

Thessaly became part of the modern Greek state in 1881, after four and a half centuries of Ottoman rule.

In the United States, the United States Civil Service utilized the Spoils System from 1828 until the assassination of United States President Garfield by a disappointed office seeker in 1881 proved its dangers.

* May 23 – Ambrose Burnside, American Civil War general ( d. 1881 )

In 1881 an influential group of New Yorkers led by U. S. Civil War veteran Captain William Fowler came together to put an end to this and other superstitions.

Garfield's single executive order was to provide government workers the day off on May 30, 1881, in order to decorate the graves of those who died in the Civil War.

An 1881 Puck ( magazine ) | Puck cartoon shows Garfield finding a baby at his front door with a tag marked " Civil Service Reform, compliments of Rutherford B. Hayes | R. B.

He was elected as the president of the Institution of Civil Engineers in December 1881 and served in that capacity for the next year.

Sidney features some unusual architecture for a small town, including the 1881 Second Empire courthouse, the 1877 Gothic revival Monumental Building, dedicated to the county's Civil War dead, the 1918 early-modern People's Federal Savings and Loan Association was designed by Louis Sullivan, a National Historic Landmark, and the " smallest house in Sidney " on Shelby Street.

Following the devastation to Warrenton, Virginia, during the Civil War, George Scott Shackelford moved from Warrenton to Charlottesville and later to Orange in 1881, where he was an attorney, Mayor of Orange, member of the Virginia House of Delegates, the Virginia State Senate, the Board of Visitors of the University of Virginia, and later judge of the Ninth Virginia Judicial Circuit.

* John S. Preston, ( 1809 – 1881 ), born in Abingdon, Confederate general in the American Civil War and South Carolina politician

He was made an honorary Doctor of Laws of the University of Edinburgh in 1881, of the University of St Andrews in 1885, of the University of Cambridge in 1888, and of the Universities of Dublin and Glasgow in 1891, and an honorary Doctor of Civil Law of the University of Oxford in 1891.

In 1879 he was made a Doctor of Civil Law ( DCL ) of the University of Oxford, and in 1881 Historiographer Royal for Scotland.

He was the son of Count André de Laborde de Monpezat ( Mont-de-Marsan, 6 May 1907 – Le Cayrou, 23 February 1998 ) and his wife, Renée Doursenot ( Périgueux, 26 October 1908 – Le Cayrou 11 February 2001 ), ( married religiously Cahors, 6 January 1934 and civilly Cahors 22 January 1948 ), who was previously married firstly civilly in Paris on 29 September 1928 and divorced at the Tribunal Civil Français de Saigon on 21 September 1940 Louis Leuret ( Châteauneuf-sur-Loire, 18 March 1881 – Saigon, South Vietnam, 29 December 1962 ).

Coney Island became a major resort destination after the American Civil War, as excursion railroads and the Coney Island & Brooklyn Railroad streetcar line reached the area in the 1860s, and the Iron steamboat company arrived in 1881.

However, the American Civil War delayed construction of such a route, and it was not until 1881 that the Southern Pacific Railroad finally was completed, fulfilling the purpose of the acquisition.

* Richard Hamilton ( Medal of Honor ) ( 1836 – 1881 ), American Civil War sailor

* Old Abe ( died 1881 ), a bald eagle, the mascot of the 8th Wisconsin Volunteer Regiment in the American Civil War.

* James Smith ( Medal of Honor, 1864 ) ( 1826 – 1881 ), Medal of Honor recipient in the American Civil War

He was one of the commissioners appointed to build the state capitol 1874 ; in 1867 appointed clerk of Westchester County, but resigned after a short service ; made immigration commissioner by New York Legislature in 1870, but declined to serve ; member of boundary commission of the state of New York in 1875 ; had also been commissioner of quarantine and president of Court of Claims of New York City and commissioner of taxes and assessments for the city and county of New York ; defeated for Lieutenant Governor of New York on the Liberal Republican-Democratic ticket in 1872 ; candidate for U. S. Senator from New York in 1881, but withdrew after the 41st ballot ; declined nomination as a senator in 1885 ; but elected to the U. S. Senate in 1899, and re-elected in 1905, and served from March 4, 1899, to March 4, 1911 ; stumped the state of New York for John C. Frémont in 1856 and for Abraham Lincoln in 1860 ; delegate-at-large to Republican National conventions 1888-1904 and delegate to all following conventions, including 1928, being elected the day before he died ; made the nomination speeches for Harrison in 1892, Governor Morton in 1896, and Fairbanks in 1904 ; at the convention in 1888 received ninety-nine votes for the presidential nomination, and in 1892 declined an appointment as Secretary of State in Harrison's cabinet ; Adjutant of the 18th Regiment, New York National Guard, which served in the American Civil War, and later Colonel and Judge Advocate of the 5th Division, on the staff of Major General James W. Husted of the New York Guard, trustee of Peekskill Military Academy ; president of New York State Society of the Sons of the American Revolution, of the Pilgrims Society from 1918 until his death, of the St. Nicholas Society, and of the Union League for seven years ( member since 1868 and elected honorary life member at the close of his presidency ); an officer of the French Légion d ' honneur ; vice president of New York Chamber of Commerce 1904-08 ( member since 1885 ).

General Herman Haupt, another veteran of the Civil War and the Pennsylvania Railroad, set up the Northern Pacific Beneficial Association in 1881.

Luther Gordon ( 1822 – 1881 ) was a successful business person who supported the school at a crucial financial point just after the Civil War.

Joseph Carter Abbott ( July 15, 1825October 8, 1881 ) was a Union Army colonel during the American Civil War who was awarded the grade of brevet brigadier general of volunteers and a Republican United States Senator from the state of North Carolina between 1868 and 1871.

Her maternal grandfather, Hugh Judson Kilpatrick ( 1836 – 1881 ), was a Union Army general during the American Civil War who also served as the U. S. minister to Chile.