Before 1938, the federal courts, like almost all other common law courts, decided the law on any issue where the relevant legislature ( either the U. S. Congress or state legislature, depending on the issue ), had not acted, by looking to courts in the same system, that is, other federal courts, even on issues of state law, and even where there was no express grant of authority from Congress or the Constitution.

In 1938 Germany annexed Austria and Italy assisted in Germany in resolving the diplomatic crisis between Germany versus Britain and France over claims on Czecholslovakia by arranging the Munich Agreement that gave Germany the Sudetenland and was perceived at the time to have averted a European war, these hopes faded when Hitler violated the Munich Agreement by ordering the invasion and partition of Czechoslovakia between Germany and a client state of Slovakia in 1939.

Ribbentrop was instrumental in February 1938 in persuading Hitler to recognize the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo and to renounce German claims upon her former colonies in the Pacific, which were now held by Japan.

Partly for economic reasons, and partly out of fury over being " cheated " out of war in 1938, in early 1939, Hitler decided to destroy the rump state of Czecho-Slovakia ( as Czechoslovakia had been renamed in October 1938 ).

In August 1938, Stalin brought Beria to Moscow as deputy head of the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs ( NKVD ), the ministry which oversaw the state security and police forces.

By 1938, however, the oppression had become so extensive that it was damaging the infrastructure, economy and even the armed forces of the Soviet state, prompting Stalin to wind the purge down.

By 1952 as the funding ended, the economy of every participant state had surpassed pre-war levels ; for all Marshall Plan recipients, output in 1951 was at least 35 % higher than in 1938.

* 1938 – Carl Gunter Jr, American state legislator ( d. 1999 )

In summer 1938, a state visit to France by the King and Queen was postponed for three weeks because of the death of the Queen's mother, Lady Strathmore.

On the wage front, in October 2009 the state of Colorado announced that its state minimum wage, which is indexed to inflation, is set to be cut, which would be the first time a state has cut its minimum wage since 1938.

In spite of the League of Nations ' approach, the new state was diplomatically recognised by El Salvador ( 3 March 1934 ) and the Dominican Republic ( 1934 ), the Soviet Union ( de facto 23 March 1935 ; de jure 13 April 1941 ), Italy ( 29 November 1937 ), Francoist Spain ( 2 December 1937 ), Germany ( 12 May 1938 ) and Hungary ( 9 January 1939 ).

During the 1938 crisis over Czechoslovakia that culminated in the Munich Agreement, Canaris was together with the army chief of staff, General Ludwig Beck and the Foreign Office ’ s state secretary Ernst von Weizsäcker, a leader of the " anti-war " group in the German government, which was determined to avoid a war in 1938 that it felt Germany would lose.

In 1938, Mussolini gave a speech wherein he established a clear ideological distinction between capitalism ( the social function of the bourgeoisie ) and the bourgeoisie ( as a social class ), whom he dehumanized by reducing into high-level abstractions: a moral category and a state of mind.

Developed in 1938, the road has a separate commission in each state.

Finally, the construction of the first Brazilian highway in 1938, between Campinas and São Paulo, the Anhanguera Highway, was a turning point in the integration of Campinas into the rest of the state.

The team won the state championship five times: 1925, 1938, 1948, 1959 and 1966.

The road was closed in 1938 when it was taken over by the state of New York in lieu of back taxes.

Protected as a monument historique since 1840, the château was given into state ownership in 1938 and is now open to the public.

The route was first assigned in 1938, when the state took over maintenance of the fifth segment of Ocean County Route 13 built in 1929, intending it for reaching New Jersey Route 37 in Bay Head from Beaver Dam Road, a distance of.

The designation of Route 13 originated as an alignment of Ocean County Route 13-E, a highway maintained by the county In 1938, the state legislated a takeover of the fifth segment of the county route, a portion of highway from New Jersey Route 37 at Bay Head to an intersection with Beaver Dam Road, including the Lovelandtown Bridge.

For example, they played Rhodesia ( the future Zimbabwe ) in 1910, 1924, 1938, 1955, 1962, 1968 & 1974 during their tours to South Africa.

In 1938 the Rosenwald Fund provided money for Alston to travel to the South, which was his first return there since leaving as a child.

* 1938 – Goh Kun, South Korean politician

* 1938 – Percy Qoboza, South African journalist ( d. 1988 )

In 1938, G. E. Taylor, a South African tourist, filmed something in the loch for three minutes on 16 mm colour film, which was in the possession of Maurice Burton.

In the United States, the minimum wage promulgated by the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 was intentionally set at a high, national level to render low-technology, low-wage factories in the South obsolete.

* 1938 – Diana E. H. Russell, South African feminist writer and activist

A partial cranium and mandible of Paranthropus robustus was discovered in 1938 by a schoolboy, Gert Terblanche, at Kromdraai B ( 70 km south west of Pretoria ) in South Africa.

Argentina claimed South Georgia in 1927 and claimed the South Sandwich Islands in 1938.

Argentina claimed the South Sandwich Islands in 1938, and challenged British sovereignty in the Islands on several occasions.

During the 1930s, the Surrealist idea spread from Europe to North America, South America ( founding of the Mandrágora group in Chile in 1938 ), Central America, the Caribbean, and throughout Asia, as both an artistic idea and as an ideology of political change.

He served on Winthrop's Board of Trustees from 1936 to 1938 and again from 1947 to 1951 when he was governor of South Carolina.

Coelacanths were thought to have gone extinct in the Late Cretaceous, but were rediscovered in 1938 off the coast of South Africa.

More closely related to tetrapods than even the ray-finned fish, coelacanths were considered to be transitional species between fish and tetrapods until the first Latimeria specimen was found off the east coast of South Africa, off the Chalumna River ( now Tyolomnqa ) in 1938.

Since 1938, Latimeria chalumnae have been found in the Comoros, Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Madagascar, and in iSimangaliso Wetland Park, Kwazulu-Natal in South Africa.

In 1938, Courtenay-Latimer rediscovered the first live specimen, L. chalumnae, which was caught off of the coast of East London, South Africa.

Cambyses's lost army also appears in Biggles Flies South ( 1938 ), and a 2002 novel by Paul Sussman, The Lost Army of Cambyses ( ISBN 0-593-04876-8 ), recounts the story of rival archaeological expeditions searching for the remains of his army.

Brazil and Germany had been the leading bidders to host the cancelled 1942 World Cup ; since both the 1934 and 1938 tournaments had been held in Europe, football historians generally agree that the 1942 event would most likely have been awarded to a South American host country.

After Europe hosted two consecutive World Cups, the American federations claimed the 1962 edition must be held in South America or face a complete boycott of the tournament, similar to 1938.

Tweedsmuir Provincial Park in British Columbia, now divided into Tweedsmuir South Provincial Park and Tweedsmuir North Provincial Park and Protected Area, was created in 1938 to commemorate Buchan's 1937 visit to the Rainbow Range and other nearby areas by horseback and floatplane.

By contrast, under Neil McBain and subsequently Bill Findlay, the team recorded five consecutive top six finishes between 1934 – 35 and 1938 – 39, and won the Football League Third Division South Cup in 1937.

In 1938 – 39, he led South Australia to the Sheffield Shield and made a century in six consecutive innings to equal CB Fry's world record.

The drought was broken with the club's sixth VFL premiership in 1938, when former Subiaco and South Melbourne champion Brighton Diggins was recruited by the club to serve as captain-coach.

* Jack Temple Kirby ( 1938 – 2009 ), historian of the Southern United States, who was awarded the Bancroft Prize for his 2006 book Mockingbird Song: Ecological Landscapes of the South.