1936 is the last year in which the Summer and Winter Games were both held in the same country ( the cancelled 1940 games would have been held in Japan, with that country likewise hosting the Winter and Summer games ).

However, as a disparaging word, it was rather " chukhna " that was applied also to Finns ( and likewise to Estonians ) as late as during the Winter War, 1939 – 1940, between the Soviet Union and Finland.

Apart from these, three AMR 33s were built with the new suspension, two AMR 33 prototypes were rebuilt with it and about half a dozen AMR 33's were likewise modified in 1940.

It has been argued by John Mosier that, while the French soldiers in 1940 were better trained than German soldiers, as were the Americans later, and the German army was the least mechanised of the major armies, its leadership cadres were both larger and superior and their high standards of leadership were the primary reason for the successes of the German army in World War Two as it had been in World War One.

Erich Raeder, commander-in-chief of the Kriegsmarine in 1940 argued:

Globalist historians ( who believe Hitler had a master plan for conquering the world ) such as Andreas Hillgruber, Klaus Hildebrand and Gerhard Weinberg have argued that Hitler was never seriously interested in the " Mediterranean plan ", that his main priority was always the invasion of the Soviet Union, for which he ordered planning to start in July 1940, and that Hitler's interest in the " Mediterranean strategy " in late 1940 was only half-hearted at best.

Kallis argued that diplomatic issues prevented Hitler from executing the " Mediterranean plan " in late 1940 as he wanted to.

Similarly, in 1940 David Wechsler described the influence of non-intellective factors on intelligent behavior, and further argued that our models of intelligence would not be complete until we could adequately describe these factors.

The case was argued on January 6, 1940 in front of the court by Thurgood Marshall, representing four black men convicted for the murder of a white man in Florida.

In La Seule France ( 1941 ) Maurras argued for a policy of France d ' abord (" France First "), whereby France would restore itself politically and morally under Pétain, resolving the root causes in his eyes of France's defeat in 1940, before dealing with the issue of the foreign occupation.

As early as June 1940, before the armistice with France had been signed, General Heinz Guderian also argued for seizing Britain's strategically important naval base of Gibraltar.

In 1940, critic Alfred Harbage argued that Sir Robert Howard's play The Great Favourite, or The Duke of Lerma is an adaptation of a lost play by Ford.

In their attempt to explain the social stability of African " primitive " stateless societies where they undertook their fieldwork, Evans-Pritchard ( 1940 ) and Meyer Fortes ( 1945 ) argued that the Tallensi and the Nuer were primarily organized around unilineal descent groups.

In the case of Norway, the 1940 German invasion of Norway in the 1946 Nuremberg trials the German defense argued that Germany was " compelled to attack Norway by the need to forestall an Allied invasion and that her action was therefore preemptive.

Finally, in 1940, Lippert argued with Albert Speer over the organization of Berlin, leading to his dismissal on the orders of Adolf Hitler, who had become increasingly hostile to him, writing in a journal entry, “ Lippert is an incompetent, an idiot, a failure, a zero .”

In 1940 Clement Greenberg adapted the concept for his own essay entitled Towards a Newer Laocoön in which he argued that abstract art now provided an ideal for artists to measure their work against, and this title was copied by a 2007 exhibition at the Henry Moore Institute which exhibited work by modern artists influenced by the sculpture.

In 1940, the American art critic Clement Greenberg, in an influential piece in Partisan Review, argued that the value of art was located in its form, which is inseparable from its content.

In December 1940, Cavallero argued to the Italian High Command ( Commando Supremo ) that the Italian forces in East Africa should abandon offensive actions against the Sudan and against the Suez Canal.

The CP ( O ) meanwhile moved further away from the left and went through several name changes finally becoming the Independent Labor League of America in 1938 before dissolving at the end of 1940 in part because of a break between Lovestone and Wolfe on their interpretation of World War II with Lovestone favoring American intervention and Wolfe opposing support for what he argued was an imperialist war.

In a 1940 speech, Roosevelt argued, " Some, indeed, still hold to the now somewhat obvious delusion that we … can safely permit the United States to become a lone island … in a world dominated by the philosophy of force.

When Germany invaded Denmark in 1940, he argued that the Danish army should actively defend the country, even when Germany threatened through the dropping the OPROP!

While in 1940 Murray himself had argued in support of the claim that there was no salvation outside the Church, by 1944, his endorsement of full cooperation with other theists led to Catholic complaints that he was endangering American Catholic faith.

Finally, Overy argued that there is considerable evidence that the German state felt they could master the economic problems of rearmament ; as one civil servant put it in January 1940 " we have already mastered so many difficulties in the past, that here too, if one or other raw material became extremely scarce, ways and means will always yet be found to get out of a fix.

Broszat used as an example of his approach, the " Ley Plan " as the wide-ranging reform of the German social insurance system proposed in 1940 by the DAF was known, which Broszat noted borne many striking similarities to the British Beveridge Plan of 1943 ( through the German plan applied only to those classified as " Aryans ") Broszat argued that such a comparative approach would place the Nazi era in a better broader European and German context, especially since Broszat argued that the German plan of 1940 was in many ways the forerunner of the West German social insurance plan of 1957 with such features as pensions guaranteed by the state indexed to the level of GNP ( which was not surprising given that many of the same people worked on both plans ) Broszat called for the " normalization " of the historical understanding of the Nazi era with detailed scholarship employing " mid-range " concepts based upon empirical research and rejecting the moralistic condemnation of the period.

* 1871 – Nicolae Iorga, Romanian writer ( d. 1940 )

* 1940 – In Romania, the ruling party Iron Guard arrests and executes over 60 of exiled King Carol II of Romania's aides, including former minister Nicolae Iorga.

Nicolae Iorga (; sometimes Neculai Iorga, Nicolas Jorga, Nicolai Jorga or Nicola Jorga, born Nicu N. Iorga ; January 17, 1871 – November 27, 1940 ) was a Romanian historian, politician, literary critic, memoirist, poet and playwright.

Iorga was again Romanian Commissioner of the Venice Biennale in 1940.

* Nicolae Iorga ( 1871 – 1940 ), a Romanian historian, politician, literary critic, memoirist, poet, and playwright.

When Johnny Mercer and Harold Arlen began their collaboration in 1940, Mercer, like Arlen, had several substantial film songs to his credit, among them `` Hooray For Hollywood '', `` Ride, Tenderfoot, Ride '', `` Have You Got Any Castles, Baby??

By September 1940 the Suite had developed into a collection of six songs, `` four spirituals, a dream, and a lullaby ''.

By 1940 the Third Reich had occupied many of the Alpine countries.

They could not imagine that the Germans, whom they had defeated only twenty years previously, could defeat them in a mere six weeks, as happened when France fell in June 1940.

After the team had developed a method of purifying penicillin to an effective first stable form in 1940, several clinical trials ensued, and their amazing success inspired the team to develop methods for mass production and mass distribution in 1945.

He also kept, grew and distributed the original mould for twelve years, and continued until 1940 to try to get help from any chemist who had enough skill to make penicillin.

Montgomery's training paid off when the Germans began their invasion of the Low Countries on 10 May 1940 and the 3rd Division advanced to the River Dijle and then withdrew to Dunkirk with great professionalism, entering the Dunkirk perimeter in a famous night-time march which placed his forces on the left flank which had been left exposed by the Belgian surrender.

Attlee supported Churchill in his continuation of Britain's resistance after the French capitulation in 1940, and proved a loyal ally to Churchill throughout the conflict ; when the war cabinet had voted on whether to negotiate peace terms, Attlee ( along with fellow Labour minister Arthur Greenwood ) voted in favour of fighting, giving Churchill the majority he needed to continue the war.

By the end of 1940 all of the Indian cavalry had been mechanised, receiving light tanks, armoured cars or 15cwt trucks.

The alternative crossbreeding programs initiated in 1940 by Dr. Antonio Teixeira Viana had the objective of obtaining first, crossbreeds 5 / 8 Charolais and 3 / 8 Zebu and second, 3 / 8 Charolais x 5 / 8 Zebu, to evaluate which of the two was the most successful.

By 1940 the CCC was no longer wholly a relief agency, rapidly losing its non-military character, and becoming a system for work-training as its ranks had become increasingly younger, with life-inexperienced enrollees.

It took a Federal court ruling in 1940 to establish that a recording artist had no legal right to control the use of a record after it was sold.

He rejoined Kelly in December 1940 by which time the torpedo damage had been repaired.

Years earlier, working at Warner Bros., Hellinger had produced three films for Raoul Walsh, the proto-noirs They Drive by Night ( 1940 ) and Manpower ( 1941 ), and High Sierra ( 1941 ), now regarded as a key work in noir's development.

Perhaps no director better displayed that spirit than the German-born Robert Siodmak, who had already made a score of films before his 1940 arrival in Hollywood.

Finland's foreign politics before this deal had been varied: independence from Imperial Russia with support of Imperial Germany in 1917 ; participation in the Russian Civil War ( without official declaration of war ) alongside the Triple Entente 1918 – 1920 ; a non-ratified alliance with Poland in 1922 ; association with the neutralist and democratic Scandinavian countries in the 1930s ended by the Winter War ( 1939 ); and finally in 1940, a rapprochement with Nazi Germany, the only power able to protect Finland against the expansionist Soviet Union, leading to the Continuation War in 1941.

When, in 1940, the Liceo was put under state control and turned into the Conservatorio Statale di Musica " Gioachino Rossini ", the corporate body to which Rossini ’ s inheritance had been conveyed, assumed the style of Fondazione G. Rossini.

This was especially marked in the Baltic Republics of Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia, which had been annexed into the Soviet Union by Joseph Stalin in 1940.

Thus, the attack on the Soviet Union ( which together with Germany had partitioned central Europe in 1939 – 1940 ) was not pressed with sufficient strength.

On 28 October 1940 Wells was interviewed by Orson Welles, who two years previously had performed an infamous radio adaptation of The War of the Worlds, on KTSA radio in San Antonio, Texas.

When Germany had its hands free for an attack in the west, the Battle of France began in May 1940, and the same Blitzkrieg tactics proved just as devastating there.

He was appointed to the prestigious portfolios of Minister for Labour and National Service ( 1949 – 1958 ; he had previously served in this portfolio 1940 – 41 ) and Minister for Immigration ( 1949 – 1956 ), by which time he was being touted in the press as a " certain successor to Menzies and a potential Prime Minister ".

By the summer of 1940 Belgium had fallen to Germany along with most of Western Continental Europe.

Out more than 200, 000 inhabitants in 1940, less than 900 had survived the Nazi occupation.