* 1945 – World War II: The German army in Italy unconditionally surrenders to the Allies.

Famous victory marches around or under the Arc have included the Germans in 1871, the French in 1919, the Germans in 1940, and the French and Allies in 1944 and 1945.

The Germans launched a surprise counter offensive in the Battle of the Bulge in December 1944 which was turned back in early 1945 by the Allies after Eisenhower repositioned his armies and improved weather allowed the Air Force to engage.

Almost all Germans who returned or remained were expelled as the city was annexed by the Soviet Union and ceded to Poland in spring 1945, a decision by Stalin with full consent of the western Allies in the Potsdam Conference.

Between 14 November 1945 and 3 October 1946, the Allies established an International Military Tribunal ( IMT ) to try 22 of 24 major Nazi war criminals and six groups for crimes against peace, war crimes and crimes against humanity.

In 1955, the USSR declared the Soviet occupation zone – the historic middle portion of Germany – to be a sovereign state named the Deutsche Demokratische Republik ( German Democratic Republic, established in 1949 ), while the Red Army and the Western Allies ' occupation forces remained in place under the tripartite Potsdam Agreement ( 1945 ) which established the Allied Occupation of Germany.

To compensate Poland for the USSR's annexation of its eastern provinces, the Allies provisionally established Poland's post-war western border at the Oder – Neisse line at the Yalta Conference ( 1945 ).

In the spring of 1945 Germany itself was invaded from the east by the Soviet Union and from the west by the other Allies respectively ; After Red Army conquered the Reichstag in Berlin, Hitler committed suicide and Germany surrendered in early May ending the war in Europe.

In response to Himmler's attempts to open peace overtures with the Allies in 1945 through Count Bernadotte, Churchill enquired if they should negotiate with Himmler ' and bump him off later.

Following the war, the Dutch fought Indonesian independence forces after Japan surrendered to the Allies in 1945.

By the beginning of 1945, with the Soviets on the Oder and the Western Allies preparing to cross the Rhine, Goebbels could no longer disguise the fact that defeat was inevitable.

* 1945 – World War II: Hungary agrees to an armistice with the Allies.

* 1945 – The Republic of China takes over administration of Taiwan following Japan's surrender to the Allies.

After the Second World War ( 1939 – 45 ), and the Tehran, Casablanca and Yalta Conferences, the Allies by the Berlin Declaration of June 5th, 1945 had assumed supreme authority over Germany.

Moreover, towards concluding the Pacific Theatre of War, the Potsdam Conference issued the Potsdam Declaration, the Proclamation Defining Terms for Japanese Surrender ( 26 July 1945 ) wherein the Western Allies ( UK, US, USSR ) and the Nationalist China of General Chiang Kai-shek asked Japan to surrender or be destroyed.

The persecution of the Jews ended in Southern Italy ( controlled by the Kingdom of Italy ) after the armistice with the Allies ( 8 September 1943 ), while in Central and Northern Italy ( controlled by the Italian Social Republic, a puppet state of Nazi Germany led by Mussolini ) the persecution continued until the definitive fall of Mussolini's regime ( 25 April 1945 ).

From 1945 to 1951, a policy of industrial disarmament was pursued in Germany by the Allies ( see the industrial plans for Germany ).

The total victory of the Allies over the Axis in 1945 ended the conflict.

During the final stages of World War II the future of Europe was decided between the Allies in the 1945 Yalta Conference, between the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, U. S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and the Premier of the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin.

Through the Yalta Conference and Potsdam Conference of 1945 the victorious Allies divided East Prussia into the two parts now known as Oblast Kaliningrad ( in Russia ) and the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship ( in Poland ).

Florey's research team investigated the large-scale production of the mould and efficient extraction of the active ingredient, succeeding to the point where, by 1945, penicillin production was an industrial process for the Allies in World War II.

The port city was also the main objective of German armies in December ; the inability of the Allies to end the war in 1944 meant that Allied troops had to winter in Belgium, during which time the Ardennes Offensive was launched by the Germans, resulting in heavy fighting on Belgian soil that lasted into 1945.

After the capitulation of the Wehrmacht in May 1945 the Allies occupied Germany in the borders as they were on 31 December 1937, as agreed to in the Berlin declaration of 5 June 1945.

These troops were composed of Lebanese and Syrian enlisted personnel, but were commanded predominantly by French officers ; however, the percentage of Lebanese and Syrian officers in the force gradually increased in size to approximately 90 % of the total number by 1945.

In September 1945 he commanded a firing squad that executed a Polish soldier convicted of rape and murder.

From September 1944 to March 1945 Wassenaar was one of launching sites used by the German Luftwaffe, commanded by SS General Hans Kammler for the V-2 rockets directed mainly towards London.

In addition, during 1945, General Carl Spaatz commanded the separate U. S. Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific.

He commanded the Seventh United States Army from 1945 to 1946 and the Third United States Army from 1946 to 1947.

Joint Allied Forces Headquarters AFHQ was operationally responsible for all Allied land forces in the Mediterranean theatre, and it planned and commanded the invasion of Sicily and the campaign on the Italian mainland until the surrender of German forces in Italy in May 1945.

In 1945 he commanded the Saison operation against the Irgun and Stern Gang.

By 9 May 1945, the 15th Infantry had 16 recipients of the Congressional Medal of Honor, including Audie Murphy who was the most decorated soldier in US Army history and who commanded Company B of the 15th.

A reorganization of the division created a new battalion, the 37th Tank Battalion, which he commanded until he was promoted to command Combat Command B of the division in March 1945.

The brigade then marched to Prague, reaching the city on 18 May 1945, eight days after the arrival of Soviet-sponsored Czechoslovak troops commanded by Ludvík Svoboda.

It was commanded by Lieutenant General Władysław Anders and by the end of 1945 it had grown to well over 100, 000 soldiers.

In early April 1945, Krukenberg now commanded only about 700 men organized into a single infantry regiment with two battalions ( Battalions 57 and 58 ) and one heavy support battalion, without equipment.

It was commanded by Lieutenant General Simon Bolivar Buckner, Jr. until he was killed by enemy artillery fire on Okinawa on 18 June 1945.

In February 1945 Khrennikov was officially posted by the Political Authority ( Politupravlenie ) of the Red Army from Sverdlovsk, where he and his family had been evacuated, to the First Belorussian Front, and the Army commanded by General ( later Marshal ) Chuikov.

Joint Allied Forces Headquarters ( AFHQ ) was operationally responsible for all Allied land forces in the Mediterranean theatre, and it planned and commanded the invasion of Sicily and the campaign on the Italian mainland until the surrender of German forces in Italy in May 1945.

In addition to that post, he commanded Task Force 56 in the Battle of Iwo Jima before returning to the United States in July 1945, to head the Marine Training and Replacement Command at Camp Pendleton, California.

Fortuitously for the CIA, that failed scouting trip coincided with the first US state visit of Anastasio Somoza García, the President of Nicaragua ( 1937 – 47, 1950 – 56 ), who told the Truman Administration ( 1945 – 53 ) of the existence of a small, Guatemalan rebel-group commanded by Col. Castillo Armas.

Promoted to captain he commanded a company of the French military detachment there until 3 January 1946 under circumstance that had until 1945 become increasingly difficult with the gradual establishment of Japanese administration and troops in China.

He commanded this Abteilung until the Division surrendered to the Americans on 8 May 1945.

The General arrived in Italy with the first Brazilian troops in June 1944 and commanded the Brazilian forces until the surrender of the Axis forces in Italy, on May 2, 1945.

In September 1945, following the end of the Pacific war, Struble commanded the Pacific Fleet's mine force as it began the long process of clearing mines from the former combat zone.

It was commanded by General Count Hisaichi Terauchi, who commanded it from 1941 to 1945.

Tunner commanded the division until November 10, 1945.