In Managua, Nicaragua, the Albertus Magnus International Institute, a business and economic development research center, was founded in 2004.

According to the International Telecommunication Union, in 2004 there were only 479, 000 telephone subscribers in the country of nearly 11 million people, with. 061 main lines per 1000 inhabitants.

Internet use is also low in the country, with only 40 users per 10, 000 inhabitants in 2004, and just over 53, 000 users total, according to the International Telecommunication Union.

Satellite image of the Bosphorus, taken from the International Space Station in April 2004.

The Quaternary Period was officially recognized by the International Commission on Stratigraphy in June 2009, and the former Tertiary Period was officially disused in 2004.

* RAI International: In Summer 2004, this Italian government controlled channel was denied permission to broadcast independently in Canada on the grounds that it had acted and was likely to act contrary to established Canadian policies.

In 2004, it announced that it was moving its head office from Casablanca to a location in Province of Nouaceur, close to Mohammed V International Airport.

Only the former International Race of Champions actually retired the No. 3, which they did in a rule change effective in 2004.

American Brugmansia & Datura Society, Inc. ( ABADS ), is designated in the 2004 edition of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants as the official International Cultivar Registration Authority for Datura.

Its status as an official geological period was ratified in 2004 by the International Union of Geological Sciences ( IUGS ), making it the first new geological period declared in 120 years.

According to the International Monetary Fund, the Afghan economy grew 20 % in the fiscal year ending in March 2004, after expanding 30 % in the previous 12 months.

The series was staged as the Formula 3000 European Championship in 1985, as the Formula 3000 Intercontinental Championship in 1986 and 1987 and then as the Formula 3000 International Championship from 1988 to 2004.

Singer set up the Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change ( NIPCC ) after a 2004 United Nations climate conference in Milan.

In 2004 he was also chosen to front the Codemasters England International Football game, with him voicing the team selection and the pre-and post-match menus.

* Day, John ( ed ), " In search of pre-exilic Israel: proceedings of the Oxford Old Testament Seminar " ( T & T Clark International, 2004 )

" The Expansion of International Organizations " Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Hilton Chicago and the Palmer House Hilton, Chicago, IL, Sep 02, 2004 < Not Available >.

" — Peters ( 2004, International English )

Jarmusch was recognized with the Filmmaker on the Edge award at the 2004 Provincetown International Film Festival.

In 2004, Jarmusch was honored with the Filmmaker on the Edge Award at the Provincetown International Film Festival.

* Khartoum International Community School, KICS, established in 2004.

The Southern African regional office of the U. S. Agency for International Development ( USAID ) in Gaborone, Botswana now administers most of the U. S. assistance to Lesotho, which totaled approximately $ 2 million in FY 2004.

2nd edition ; London & New York: T & T Clark International, 2004.

Then, in October 2004, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank said they would write off $ 2 billion in debt — almost half Madagascar's total debt.

The Ottawa International Animation Festival opened a machinima category in 2004, but, citing the need for " a certain level of excellence ", declined to award anything to the category's four entries that year.

* Szimhart, Joseph: Persistence of " Deprogramming " Stereotypes in Film, Cultic Studies Journal, 3 / 2 2004

* Szimhart, Joseph: Persistence of " Deprogramming " Stereotypes in Film, Cultic Studies Journal, 3 / 2 2004

In 2004, the organization took the name International Cultic Studies Association, " to better reflect the organization's focus and increasingly international and scholarly dimensions ".

" Coherence and Incoherence in Historical Studies: From the Annales School to the New Cultural History ," New Literary History, olume 35, Number 2, Spring 2004, pp. 207 – 231 in Project Muse

Studies published in 2004 and 2007 show the combined frequency of M7a and N9b to be at least 28 % in Okinawans ( 7 / 50 M7a1, 6 / 50 M7a ( xM7a1 ), 1 / 50 N9b ), 17. 6 % in Ainus ( 8 / 51 M7a ( xM7a1 ), 1 / 51 N9b ), and 10 % ( 97 / 1312 M7a ( xM7a1 ), 1 / 1312 M7a1, 28 / 1312 N9b ) to 17 % ( 15 / 100 M7a1, 2 / 100 M7a ( xM7a1 )) in mainstream Japanese.

* Jonathan A. C. Brown, " Criticism of the Proto-Hadith Canon: Al-daraqutni ’ s Adjustment of the Sahihayn ," Journal of Islamic Studies, 15, 1 ( 2004 ), 1-37.

Awarded the 2004 Lois Roth Prize for excellence in translation of Persian literature by the American Institute of Iranian Studies.

" Journal of Contemporary African Studies 2004 22 ( 1 ): 29-42.

In 2004 Bernard Luskin of Fielding Graduate University established an EdD program in Media Studies and a PhD program in Media Psychology with a concentration in Media Studies.

By August 2004, a report by the Australian Center for Independent Studies suggested that Nauru might consider relinquishing its independent status in favor of becoming an Australian territory.

* Frith, Simon ( 2004 ) Popular Music: Critical Concepts in Media and Cultural Studies, Routledge.

The Eighteenth-Century Commonwealthman: Studies in the Transmission, Development, and Circumstance of English Liberal Thought from the Restoration of Charles II until the War with the Thirteen Colonies ( 1959, 2004 ).

# Terry Johal, " Controlling the Internet: The use of legislation and its effectiveness in Singapore ( pdf file )", Proceedings, 15th Biennial Conference of the Asian Studies Association of Australia, Canberra, 2004.

The navy, according to 2004 estimates from the International Institute for Strategic Studies, now has 1, 800 personnel, and a base at Marsa Gwayawi on the Red Sea.

24 and 25 September 2004 ", Castle of Schengen, Luxembourg Institute for European and International Studies

* Gould, C. and Lamb, G., Hide & Seek: Taking Account of Small Arms in Southern Africa, Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria, 2004

Charlottetown: Atlantic Veterinary College / Island Studies Press, 2004.

" Cultural Studies ' Misfit: White Trash Studies ", Mississippi Quarterly 2004 57 ( 3 ): 369-387, traces the emergence of ' white trash studies ' as a scholarly field by placing representative 20th-century popular images of ' white trash ' in their Southern economic and cultural contexts.

American Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies: Wake Forest University, 2004.

* Duno Gottberg, Luis ( 2004 ), " Mob outrages: reflections on the media construction of the masses in Venezuela ( April 2000-January 2003 )", Journal of Latin American Cultural Studies, 13 ( 1 ), pp115 – 135

* Sobelman, Daniel, ' New Rules of the Game: Israel and Hizbollah after the Withdrawal from Lebanon, Tel-Aviv University, Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies, 2004

: The Definition and Distortion of Masculine Identity in Titus Andronicus, by Brecken Rose Hancock ; Early Modern Literary Studies, 10: 1 ( May 2004 ), 1 – 25.

* "' Caparisoned like the horse ': Tongue and Tail in Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew ", by LaRue Love Sloan ; Early Modern Literary Studies, 10: 2 ( September, 2004 ), 1 – 24.

In April 2004, following a complaint by the David S. Wyman Institute for Holocaust Studies, The Nation magazine refused to accept advertising from the IHR, stating " here is a strong presumption against censoring any advertisement, especially if we disagree with its politics.

* Forensic Materials Engineering: Case Studies by Peter Rhys Lewis, Colin Gagg, Ken Reynolds, CRC Press ( 2004 ).