Through its purported connections to the June 1914 assassination in Sarajevo of Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria, the Black Hand may have been one of the principal catalysts to the start of World War I, fueling the July Crisis of 1914 and giving Austria-Hungary a pretext to invade Serbia.

Just prior to World War I, under the orders of the Chief of Serbian Military Intelligence, Serbian Military Officers and remnants of the by then moribund Black Hand organized and facilitated the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria on occasion of his visit to Sarajevo, Bosnia.

The assassination of Dollfuss was accompanied by uprisings in many regions in Austria, resulting in further deaths.

* 1914 – World War I: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia after Serbia rejects the conditions of an ultimatum sent by Austria on July 23 following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

An often cited example is the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria at Sarajevo, the event which directly set off World War I.

Following the assassination Austria attacked Serbia, which was allied to Russia.

* The assassination of the German diplomat Ernst vom Rath by a German-born Polish Jew triggers the Kristallnacht ( The Night of Broken Glass ) held between the 9 to 10 November 1938 and carried out by the Hitler Youth, the Gestapo and the SS during which the Jewish population living in Nazi Germany and Austria were attacked – 91 Jews were murdered and 25, 000 to 30, 000 were arrested and placed in concentration camps.

* February 3 ( executed for their part in the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria ):

"), an Austria-Hungary | Austrian propaganda caricature, after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria in 1914, portraying the Serbs as terrorists and anarchists.

A fictionalised Buckingham is one of the characters in Alexandre Dumas, père's The Three Musketeers, which paints him as a lover of Anne of Austria and deals with his assassination by Felton.

Charles became heir presumptive to the Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria in 1914 after the assassination of his uncle Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, and acceded to the throne in 1916 after the old emperor's death.

Following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914, Bethmann Hollweg and Foreign Secretary Gottlieb von Jagow were instrumental in assuring Austria of Germany's unconditional support regardless of Austria's actions against Serbia.

* Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria was the heir presumptive of his uncle Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria until his assassination in Sarajevo.

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria on 28 June 1914 and of Jaurès on 31 July 1914 shattered those hopes.

In 1914, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, marking the start of the First World War.

That occupation enraged Serbian nationalists and was a catalyst for the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria by the Bosnian Serb nationalist Gavrilo Princip.

The authoritarian Catholic, anti-Nazi Vaterländische Front government of autonomous Austria had been in alliance with Mussolini, and in 1934 the assassination of Austria's authoritarian president Engelbert Dollfuss had already successfully invoked Italian military assistance in case of a German invasion.

In the 1930s the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, formed in Vienna, Austria, conducted a terrorist campaign in Poland, which included the assassination of prominent Polish politicians such as Interior Minister Bronisław Pieracki, and Polish and Ukrainian moderates such as Tadeusz Hołówko.

Archduke Franz Karl Joseph of Austria ( 17 December 1802 – 8 March 1878 ) from the House of Habsburg was father of two emperors ( Franz Joseph I of Austria and Maximilian I of Mexico ) as well as the grandfather of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, whose assassination sparked the hostilities that led to the outbreak of World War I, and the great-grandfather of the last Habsburg emperor Karl I.

* 1872 – Archduke Joseph August of Austria, Austrian field marshal ( d. 1962 )

In the Battle of Abensberg on 19 – 20 April 1809, Napoleon gained a significant victory over the Austrians under Archduke Louis of Austria and General Johann von Hiller.

* 1566 – Isabella Clara Eugenia Spanish wife of Albert VII, Archduke of Austria ( d. 1633 )

* Albert I of Germany ( 1255 – 1308 ), King of Germany and Archduke of Austria

On 29 November 1879 at the Basilica of Atocha in Madrid, Alfonso married a much more distant relative, Maria Christina of Austria, daughter of Archduke Karl Ferdinand of Austria and of his wife Archduchess Elisabeth of Austria.

Fifty-one composers responded with pieces, including Beethoven, Schubert, Archduke Rudolph of Austria, F. X.

Archduke Charles of Austria, Duke of Teschen (, also known as Karl von Österreich-Teschen ) ( Full name: Karl Ludwig Johann Josef Lorenz of Austria ) ( 5 September 1771 – 30 April 1847 ) was an Austrian field-marshal, the third son of emperor Leopold II and his wife Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain.

Victorious Archduke Charles of Austria during the Battle of Aspern-Essling ( 21 – 22 May 1809 ).

In the short and disastrous war of 1805 Archduke Charles commanded what was intended to be the main army in Italy, but events made Germany the decisive theatre of operations ; Austria sustained defeat on the Danube, and the archduke was defeated by Massena in the Battle of Caldiero.

In 1806 Francis II ( now Francis I of Austria ) named the Archduke Charles, already a field marshal, as Commander in Chief of the Austrian army and Head of the Council of War.

It is commonly referred to as the Archduke Trio, because it was dedicated to Archduke Rudolph of Austria, an amateur pianist who was a friend and composition student of Beethoven.

It was also in 1914 that Apis decided that Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir-apparent of Austria, should be assassinated.

Initially, Emperor Wilhelm II told the Archduke Franz Ferdinand that Germany was ready to support Austria in all circumstances — even at the risk of a world war, but the Austro-Hungarians hesitated.

* 1756 – Archduke Maximilian Franz of Austria ( d. 1801 )

* 1463 – Archduke Albert VI of Austria ( b. 1418 )

* 1662 – Archduke Ferdinand Charles of Austria ( b. 1628 )

* 1954 – Archduke Eugen of Austria, Austrian field marshal ( b. 1863 )

* 1784 – Archduke Louis of Austria ( d. 1864 )

In 1906, Berg met the singer Helene Nahowski, daughter of a wealthy family ( said by some to be in fact the illegitimate daughter of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria from his liaison with Anna Nahowski ); despite the outward hostility of her family, the two were married on May 3, 1911.

His fellow Knights of the Garter created in 1867 were Charles Gordon-Lennox, 6th Duke of Richmond, Charles Manners, 6th Duke of Rutland, Henry Somerset, 8th Duke of Beaufort, Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, Franz Joseph I of Austria and Alexander II of Russia.

* 1848 – Franz Josef I becomes Emperor of Austria.

* 1884-Knight of the Order of Franz Joseph of Austria.

Gavrilo Princip ( Serbian Cyrillic: Гаврило Принцип, ; 28 April 1918 ) was the man who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife, Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914.

* 1914: Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria is assassinated in Sarajevo and World War I begins.

* Franz von Papen: German Ambassador to Austria ( 1934 – 1938 ) and Turkey ( 1939 – 1944 )

In 1886 Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria, only son of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria and Empress Elisabeth of Bavaria and heir to the Austro-Hungarian crown, acquired the manor and transformed it into a hunting lodge.

Franz Joseph and Bismarck: The Diplomacy of Austria before the War of 1866 ( Harvard University Press, 1934 ).

For example, the tune ' Austria ' ( originally Haydn's ' Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser ') is associated today with the hymn ' Glorious things of thee are spoken ', just as ' New Britain ' an American folk melody, believed to be Scottish or Irish in origin ; has since the 1830s been associated with ' Amazing grace '.

On 24 June 1914, just four days before Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria was assassinated in Sarajevo, Pacelli, together with Cardinal Merry del Val, represented the Vatican when the Serbian Concordat was signed.

In 1915, he travelled to Vienna to assist Monsignor Raffaele Scapinelli, nuncio to Vienna, in his negotiations with Franz Joseph I of Austria regarding Italy.

* Chancellor Franz Vranitzky ( Austria )

* December 18 – Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria ( d. 1914 )

* June 24 – Battle of Solferino: The Kingdom of Sardinia and the armies of Napoleon III of France defeat Franz Josef I of Austria in northern Italy ; the battle inspires Henri Dunant to found the Red Cross.

** The Order of the Garter is conferred on Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria.