* 1486 – Sigismund von Herberstein, Austrian diplomat and historian ( d. 1566 )

* 1566 – Two-hundred Dutch noblemen, led by Hendrik van Brederode, force themselves into the presence of Margaret of Parma and present the Petition of Compromise, denouncing the Spanish Inquisition in the Netherlands.

German physician Leonhart Fuchs ( 1501 – 1566 ) was one of " the three German fathers of botany ", along with Otto Brunfels ( 1489 – 1534 ) and Hieronymus Bock ( 1498 – 1554 ) ( also called Hieronymus Tragus ).

Pius V ( pope 1566 – 1572 ), however, while sanctioning those which could show at least 200 years of existence, made the Roman obligatory in all other places.

* 1633 – Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain ( b. 1566 )

* 1566 – Manuel Cardoso, Portuguese composer ( d. 1650 )

* 1566 – Edward Wightman, English Baptist preacher ( d. 1612 )

* 1503 – Nostradamus, French astrologer ( d. 1566 )

During the next decade, Palestrina held positions similar to his Julian Chapel appointment at other chapels and churches in Rome, notably St John Lateran, ( 1555 – 1560 – a post previously held by Lassus ) and Sta Maria Maggiore ( 1561 – 1566 ).

* 1501 – Leonhart Fuchs, German physician and botanist ( d. 1566 )

Johannes Agricola ( originally Schneider, then Schnitter ) ( April 20, 1494 – September 22, 1566 ) was a German Protestant reformer and humanist.

* King James I of England ( 1566 – 1625 ), also king of Scotland as James VI

The second half of the century saw no composers equal in stature, but in the early 17th century Johannes Hieronymus Kapsberger ( c. 1580 – 1651 ) and Alessandro Piccinini ( 1566 – 1638 ) revolutionized the instrument's technique and Kapsberger, possibly, influenced the keyboard music of Frescobaldi.

* 1566 – Mehmed III, Ottoman Emperor ( d. 1603 )

Born in Bozdağan or Manisa, Murad III was the eldest son of sultan Selim II ( 1566 – 74 ), and succeeded his father in 1574.

Mehmed III Adli ( Ottoman Turkish: محمد ثالث Meḥmed-i < u > s </ u > āli < u > s </ u >, Turkish: III. Mehmet ; < span dir =" ltr "> May 26, 1566 – December 21 / 22, 1603 )</ span > was sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1595 until his death.

* 1566 – Don Carlo Gesualdo, Italian composer ( d. 1613 )

* 1566 – David Rizzio, private secretary to Mary, Queen of Scots, is murdered in the Palace of Holyroodhouse, Edinburgh, Scotland.

* 1625 – King James I of England and Ireland, James VI of Scotland ( b. 1566 )

* December 1 – Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain ( b. 1566 )

* Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain ( 1566 – 1633 ), co-sovereign of the Habsburg Netherlands

Isabella Clara Eugenia ( 12 August 1566 – 1 December 1633 ) was sovereign of the Spanish Netherlands in the Low Countries and the north of modern France, together with her husband Albert.

Isabella Clara Eugenia of Austria was born in the city of Segovia on 12 August 1566, daughter of Philip II of Spain and his third wife Elisabeth of Valois.

She later gave birth to Isabella Clara Eugenia on 12 August 1566, and then to Isabella's younger sister Catherine Michelle 10 October 1567.

During her incarceration, Catherine gave birth first to her eldest daughter Isabella of Finland in 1564 ( died 1566 ), then to her son Sigismund in 1566, and finally her youngest child Anna Vasa of Sweden on 17 May 1568.

She later gave birth to Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain on 12 August 1566, and then to Isabella's younger sister Catherine Michelle of Spain on 10 October 1567.

* Secondly, in 1529 to Honor Grenville ( 1493 – 1566 ) the daughter of Sir Thomas Grenville of Stowe in Kilkhampton, Cornwall by his wife Isabella Gilbert, and the widow of Sir John Bassett ( d. 1528 ) of Umberleigh, Devon.

* Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain, arch-duchess of the Netherlands ( 1566 – 1633 )

April 25: The Explosion of the Spanish Flagship during the Battle of Gibraltar, by Hendrick Cornelisz Vroom ( 1566 – 1640 ).

* March 30 – Antonio de Cabezón, Spanish composer and organist ( d. 1566 )

* August 24 – Bartolomé de Las Casas, Spanish bishop in Mexico ( d. 1566 )

When the Netherlands revolted against Spanish rule, beginning in 1566, the territories in what is now Nord-Pas-de-Calais were those most loyal to the throne, and proved the base from which the Duke of Parma was able to bring the whole southern part of the Netherlands back under Spanish control.

In 1566, an expedition sent from Spanish Florida by Pedro Menéndez de Avilés reached the Delmarva Peninsula.

In 1566, the Spanish explorer Juan Pardo came to Western North Carolina traveling through the area that is now McDowell county.

It was the capital of La Florida from 1566 to 1587, during which time Spanish explorers sailed from Santa Elena to explore the Tennessee valley and Chesapeake Bay.

Earlier attempts had been made by the Spanish in what is now Georgia ( San Miguel de Gualdape, 1526 – 27 ; several Spanish missions in Georgia between 1568 and 1684 ), South Carolina ( Santa Elena, 1566 – 87 ), North Carolina ( Joara, 1567 – 68 ) and Virginia ( Ajacán Mission, 1570 – 71 ); and by French in South Carolina ( Charlesfort, 1562 – 63 ).

Tomaso Malvenda ( 1566 – 7 May 1628 ) was a Spanish Dominican exegete and historical critic.

This use of marriages to secure alliances was demonstrated when Carlos offered his sister Antonia in marriage to the Spanish explorer Pedro Menéndez de Avilés in 1566.

When Pedro Menéndez de Avilés visited in 1566, the Calusa served only fish and oysters to the Spanish.

In 1566 the Spanish, led by Pedro Menéndez de Avilés founded a settlement named Santa Elena which became the capital of La Florida for the next decade.

Geuzen ( French: Les Gueux, English: the Beggars ) was a name assumed by the confederacy of Calvinist Dutch nobles and other malcontents, who from 1566 opposed Spanish rule in the Netherlands.

In 1862 whilst searching through archives at the Royal Academy of History in Madrid for New World materials, he came across an abridged copy of a manuscript which had originally been written by the Spanish cleric Diego de Landa sometime around 1566.

The term was used for the first time in the first document printed in Barcelona in 1566 which documented the expedition which launched from the port in Acapulco to find the best route which would favor a return journey from the Spanish East Indies to New Spain.

Antonio de Cabezón ( 30 March 1510 – 26 March 1566 ) was a Spanish Renaissance composer and organist.

The Spanish treasure fleet, also called silver fleet, plate fleet ( from the Spanish plata meaning " silver "), or West Indies Fleet from Spanish Flota de Indias, was a convoy system adopted by the Spanish Empire from 1566 to 1790.