However, there is one railroad that connects Chile with Argentina via the Andes, and there are others that make the same connection via southern Bolivia.

Bolivia faced Marxist-Leninist revolution in the 1960s that included Che Guevara as a leader until being killed there by government forces.

Beginning in the early 21st century, there has been a movement in Bolivia, Peru, and Venezuela to promote and expand legal markets for the crop.

In an attempt to obtain international acceptance for the legal recognition of traditional use of coca in their respective countries, Peru and Bolivia successfully led an amendment, paragraph 2 of Article 14 into the 1988 United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, stipulating that measures to eradicate illicit cultivation and to eliminate illicit demand “ should take due account of traditional licit use, where there is historic evidence of such use .” Bolivia also made a formal reservation to the 1988 Convention, which required countries to adopt measures to establish the use, consumption, possession, purchase or cultivation of the coca leaf for personal consumption as a criminal offence.

Despite the fact that eastern Bolivia is described a lowland in when seeing the general topography of the country there are mountains and mountain ranges well beyond the Andes.

The majority of white Bolivians are of Spanish descent, including Basque origin, but there are large German ( including Mennonite ) and small Croats, Asian ( notably Japanese Okinawans relocated there after expropriation of farmland by the U. S. military after World War II ), Middle Eastern, and other minorities ( Afro Bolivian ), many of whose members descend from families that have lived in Bolivia for several generations.

According to 2005 figures, there are 646, 300 main telephone lines in Bolivia and 2. 421 million mobile telephones, but new subscribers to the telephone network can encounter bureaucratic difficulties.

In 2006, in Bolivia, there were 20, 085 internet hosts, and 480, 000 users of the internet.

Mate consumption spread in the 17th century to the River Plate and from there to Argentina, Chile, Bolivia and Peru.

In Bolivia, there was a successful three-year amnesty for the free registration of young people aged between 12 and 18.

Although it is generally agreed that microfinance practitioners should seek to balance these goals to some extent, there are a wide variety of strategies, ranging from the minimalist profit-orientation of BancoSol in Bolivia to the highly integrated not-for-profit orientation of BRAC in Bangladesh.

It should be noted that almost all of the ICFI in Latin America went to the new pro-OCI international tendency leaving the SLL supporters there with only a handful of members, notably in Bolivia and Peru.

Cuban Posadists went on to claim that Castro had Guevara killed when, it turned out, he was actually in Bolivia fighting with the guerrilla movement there.

They are native to Peru, northwest Argentina, Bolivia and north Chile, and there is a smaller, introduced population in central Ecuador.

For much of its history, Santa Cruz was mostly a small outpost town, and even after Bolivia gained its independence in 1825, there was little attention from the authorities or the population in general to settle the region.

Operations are mostly domestic, but there are also a few flights to Bolivia and Paraguay.

Since the time of her death there have been various conflicting rumors or allegations that she worked for the Soviet KGB and / or the East German Stasi ; along with the claim that she and Che Guevara were lovers while in Bolivia, and that she may have even been carrying his child when she was killed.

Although this sport is mostly played in Spain and France, there are also federations of Basque ball in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, Chile, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Philippines, Guatemala, Italy, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Uruguay, United States, Venezuela, Netherlands, Sweden, India and Greece.

While exporting one such " focalist " revolution to Bolivia, leading an armed vanguard party there in October 1967, Guevara was captured and executed, becoming a martyr to both the World Communist Movement and the New Left.

In Bolivia and Southern Peru, including Cuzco, there are three versions of all the stop consonants: the basic unaspirated sounds ( p, t, ch, k, q ), an aspirated series spelled with an h ( ph, th, chh, kh, qh ); and finally an ejective series spelled with an apostrophe ( p ', t ', ch ', k ', q ).

Antonio de León Pinelo, a Spaniard who settled in Bolivia, claimed in his book Paraíso en al Nuevo Mundo that the Garden of Eden and the creation of man had occurred in Bolivia and that the rest of the world was populated by migrations from there.

Bolivia has been a completely landlocked country ever since then.

A system of preferences — which consists of market opening lists, special cooperation programs ( business rounds, preinvestment, financing, technological support ) and countervailing measures on behalf of the landlocked countries — has been granted to the countries deemed to be less developed ( Bolivia, Ecuador and Paraguay ), to favour their full participation in the integration process.

Additionally, Brazil has no contested territorial disputes with any of its neighbours and neither does it have rivalries, like Chile and Bolivia have with each other.

Without massive Soviet subsidies and its primary trading partner Cuba was comparatively isolated in the 1990s, but has since entered bilateral co-operation with several South American countries, most notably Venezuela and Bolivia.

In Argentina, vectorial transmission has been interrupted in 13 of the 19 endemic provinces, and major progress toward this goal has also been made in both Paraguay and Bolivia.

The 2009 constitution of Bolivia states that the country has an unrenounceable right over the territory that gives it access to the Pacific Ocean and its maritime space.

Paraguay has the lowest fixed-line telephone density in South America, with 5. 6 lines per 100 residents, compared with 8. 7 per 100 in Bolivia, 21. 9 in Brazil, and 24. 9 in Argentina.

The UNCCD has 194 country Parties: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, the People's Republic of China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Côte d ' Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, European Union, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, the Republic of Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russian Federation, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, São Tomé and Príncipe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Thailand, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Since 1943 only a single urban outbreak in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia has occurred.

# Legitimize policies – This has been clearer in Ecuador, Bolivia and Peru.

In Bolivia, the government led by Evo Morales has been working with NGOs and other research centres to do the same.

While the official capital of Bolivia is Sucre and it is the seat of Justice, La Paz has more government departments, hence the " de facto " qualifier.

Historically, industry in Bolivia has been dominated by mineral processing and the preparation of agricultural products.

Also, Evo Morales of Bolivia has referred to the US-backed Free Trade Area of the Americas, as " an agreement to legalize the colonization of the Americas.

Road space rationing based on license numbers has been implemented in cities such as Athens ( 1982 ), México City ( 1989 ), São Paulo ( 1997 ), Santiago, Chile, Bogotá, Colombia, La Paz ( 2003 ), Bolivia, and San José ( 2005 ), Costa Rica.

Coca has also been a vital part of the religious cosmology of the Andean peoples of Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia and northern Argentina and Chile from the pre-Inca period through the present.

Colombian Andean has been strongly influenced by Spanish rhythms and instruments, and differs noticeably from the Indian music of Peru or Bolivia.

The land is among the most fertile in Bolivia, but poor transport has hindered its agricultural development.

Also, the Pantanal, the world's largest wetland of any kind, has some of its area in Bolivia.

Since Bolivia was created as a state on its own in 1825 it has been a multiethnical society, which means that it is home to people of a lot of different ethnical backgrounds.

From silver to tin to coca, Bolivia has enjoyed only occasional periods of economic diversification.

Since 1985, the Government of Bolivia has implemented a far-reaching program of macroeconomic stabilization and structural reform aimed at maintaining price stability, creating conditions for sustained growth, and alleviating poverty.

Bolivia has the second-largest natural gas reserves in South America, and its current domestic use and exports to Brazil account for just a small portion of its potential production.