Besides the New Testament, it has been alleged that Cathar sacred texts include The Gospel of the Secret Supper, or John's Interrogation and The Book of the Two Principles.

Even in terms of religion, the South produced its own variant, the Cathar movement, which was ultimately declared heretical.

The small ruins of the terraced dwellings, immediately outside the perimeter of the current fortress walls on the north-eastern flank are, however, confirmed to be traces of authentic former Cathar habitations.

The Albigensian and Cathar movements of the Middle Ages are often linked to Gnosticism.

Other than at such moments of extremis, little evidence exists to suggest this was a common Cathar practice.

Though the term " Cathar " has been used for centuries to identify the movement, whether the movement identified itself with this name is debatable.

Conclusions about Cathar ideology continue to be fiercely debated with commentators regularly accusing their opponents of speculation, distortion and bias.

A landmark in the " institutional history " of the Cathars was the Council, held in 1167 at Saint-Félix-Lauragais, attended by many local figures and also by the Bogomil papa Nicetas, the Cathar bishop of ( northern ) France and a leader of the Cathars of Lombardy.

Bernard of Clairvaux's biographer and other sources accuse some Cathars of Arianism, and some scholars see Cathar Christology as having traces of earlier Arian roots.

Such was the situation that in order for a reputed Cathar to have the charge of heresy against him dismissed he needed only to show that he was legally married.

It has been alleged that the Cathar Church of the Languedoc had a relatively flat structure, distinguishing between perfecti ( a term they did not use, instead bonhommes ) and credentes.

In 1147, Pope Eugene III sent a legate to the Cathar district in order to arrest the progress of the Cathars.

At first Pope Innocent III tried pacific conversion, and sent a number of legates into the Cathar regions.

He concluded that only preachers who displayed real sanctity, humility and asceticism could win over convinced Cathar believers.

As the Languedoc was supposedly teeming with Cathars and Cathar sympathisers, this made the region a target for northern French noblemen looking to acquire new fiefs.

The remainder of the first of the two Cathar wars now essentially focused on Simon's attempt to hold on to his fabulous gains through winters where he was faced, with only a small force of confederates operating from the main winter camp at Fanjeau, with the desertion of local lords who had sworn fealty to him out of necessity — and attempts to enlarge his newfound domains in the summer when his forces were greatly augmented by reinforcements from northern France, Germany and elsewhere.

From May 1243 to March 1244, the Cathar fortress of Montségur was besieged by the troops of the seneschal of Carcassonne and the archbishop of Narbonne.

On 16 March 1244, a large and symbolically important massacre took place, where over 200 Cathar Perfects were burnt in an enormous fire at the prat dels cremats near the foot of the castle.

A popular though as yet unsubstantiated theory holds that a small party of Cathar Perfects escaped from the fortress before the massacre at prat dels cremats.

It is widely held in the Cathar region to this day that the escapees took with them le tresor cathar.

The leaders of a Cathar revival in the Pyrenean foothills, Peire and Jacques Autier, were executed in 1310.

The last known Cathar perfectus in the Languedoc, Guillaume Bélibaste, was executed in 1321.

They thus retained a certain Cathar identity, despite having returned to the Catholic religion.

Any use of the term " Cathar " to refer to people after the suppression of Catharism in the 14th century is a cultural or ancestral reference, and has no religious implication.

The term Pays Cathare, French meaning " Cathar Country " is used to highlight the Cathar heritage and history of the region where Catharism was traditionally strongest.

Actually, most of the promoted Cathar castles were not built by Cathars but by local lords and later many of them were rebuilt and extended for strategic purposes.

While the early texts condemn killing in the strongest terms, and portray the ideal king as a pacifist, such a king is nonetheless flanked by an army.

Hindu religious texts contain account of saints and hermits practicing what would be called inedia, breatharianism or Sustenance through Light in modern terms.

However, within these early texts there are many terms that modern scholars have interpreted differently from previous generations of scholars.

The Christian censorship of the Jewish Talmud in the aftermath of the Disputation of Barcelona and during the Spanish Inquisition and Roman Inquisition, let the term spread within the Jewish classical texts, since the church censors replaced terms like Minim (" sectarians ", coined on the Christians ) with the term Epikorsim or Epicursim, meaning heretics, since the church had heavily persecuted heretics at that time.

There are a number of Latin texts that include Lombardic names, and Lombardic legal texts contain terms taken from the legal vocabulary of the vernacular.

In order to understand the metaphysics of the Mage setting, it is important to remember that many of the terms used to describe magic and Magi e. g., Avatar, Quintessence, the Umbra, and Paradox, Resonance, as well as the game mechanics a player uses to describe the areas of magic in which his character is proficient — the Spheres, look, mean, and are understood very differently depending on the paradigm of the Mage in question, even though they are often, in the texts of the game, described from particular paradigmatic points-of-view.

On 28 March 2001, the Holy See issued the Instruction Liturgiam Authenticam, which included the requirement that, in translations of the liturgical texts from the official Latin originals, " the original text, insofar as possible, must be translated integrally and in the most exact manner, without omissions or additions in terms of their content, and without paraphrases or glosses.

It primarily added extra letters to transcribe Tibetan and Sanskrit terms in religious texts, and later also from Chinese.

However, others find them of value even for non-repetitive texts, because the database resources created have value for concordance searches to determine appropriate usage of terms, for quality assurance ( no empty segments ), and the simplification of the review process ( source and target segment are always displayed together while translators have to work with two documents in a traditional review environment ).

" By 1814 Young had completely translated the " enchorial " ( demotic, in modern terms ) text of the Rosetta Stone ( he had a list with 86 demotic words ), and then studied the hieroglyphic alphabet but initially failed to recognize that the demotic and hieroglyphic texts were paraphrases and not simple translations.

Much more important in terms of theoretical consequences, Derrida criticized Searle's work for pretending to talk about " intention " without being aware of traditional texts about the subject and without even understanding Husserl's work when talking about it.

As with all Syndicate ghostwriters, under the terms of her contract Benson signed away all rights to her texts and any claim to the Syndicate pen name, Carolyn Keene.

On the other hand, the terms meforshim and parshanim ( commentaries / commentators ) almost always refer to later, post-Talmudic writers of Rabbinic glosses on Biblical and Talmudic texts.

* Science ( Latin )-medicine ( itself a Latin loanword ) uses a large vocabulary of Latin terms ( sternum, appendix ), as a result of medieval advances in medical science being conducted in Latin-even if some of the earliest Latin medical texts were translations from Greek and Arabic.

Other terms are taken not from Norse mythology, but from the Welsh mythology encapsulated in Mediaeval texts like the Mabinogion.

This included the requirement that, in translations of the liturgical texts from the official Latin originals, " the original text, insofar as possible, must be translated integrally and in the most exact manner, without omissions or additions in terms of their content, and without paraphrases or glosses.

From the 14th century, in old texts ( until the 16th / 17th c .) and in Latin, the terms Prut ( h ) enia and Prut ( h ) enic refer not only to the original settlement area of the extinct Old Prussians ( Prusowie, see: Prussia ) along the Baltic Coast east of the Vistula River, but also to the adjacent lands of the former Samboride dukes of Pomerelia, which the Teutonic Knights had acquired from Poland in the 1343 Treaty of Kalisz and added to their Order's State.

Other terms are used in later texts, such as העליונים ( ha-elyonim, the upper ones, or the ultimate ones ).

The Byzantine period remained largely a period of preservation in terms of classical Greco-Roman texts ; there were, however, significant advances made in the fields of medicine and historical scholarship.

Robb ( 2003 ) shows how it is possible to use Google as a concordancer, but he also points out a number of drawbacks, for instance there is no control over the educational level, nationality, or other characteristics of the creators of the texts that are found, and the presentation of the examples is not as easy to read as the output of a dedicated concordancer that places the key words ( i. e. the search terms ) in context.

Watson and Wyatt, 1999 ): " The language they 30 signs represented could be described as an idiom which in terms of content seemed to be comparable to Canaanite texts, but from a phonological perspective, however, was more like Arabic.

Many texts included in Home's SMILE ( and Michael K's later ' KATHEDRAL-MAGAZINE OF MULTIPLE ORIGINS ') issues plagiarised other, especially Situationist, writing, simply replacing terms like " spectacle " with " glamour ".