The word abbot, meaning father, is a title given to the head of a monastery in various traditions, including Christianity.

During the early centuries of Christianity the title " pope " was applied generally to all bishops ; it now has more specific meanings that vary between churches.

The Protrepticus is, as its title suggests, an exhortation to the pagans of Greece to adopt Christianity, and within it Clement demonstrates his extensive knowledge of pagan mythology and theology.

The novel, which won the 2009 International Prize for Arabic Fiction and will be published in English under the title Azazeel, is set in 5th-century Egypt and Syria and deals with the early history of Christianity.

* Praeparatio evangelica ( Preparation for the Gospel ), commonly known by its Latin title, which attempts to prove the excellence of Christianity over every pagan religion and philosophy.

However, scholar Helmut Koester has pointed out the Greek title " Memorabilia " was not applied to Xenophon's work until the Middle Ages, and it is more likely apomnemoneumata was used to describe the oral transmission of the sayings of Jesus in early Christianity.

The title has influenced Touchstone Magazine: A Journal of Mere Christianity and William Dembski's book Mere Creation.

In the early centuries of Christianity, this title was applied, especially in the east, to all bishops and other senior clergy, and later became reserved in the west to the Bishop of Rome, a reservation made official only in the 11th century.

In Eastern Christianity, where the title " Pope " is used also of the Bishop of Alexandria, the Bishop of Rome is often referred to as the " Pope of Rome ", regardless of whether the speaker or writer is in communion with Rome or not.

In the earlier centuries of Christianity, the title " Pope ", meaning " father ", had been used by all bishops.

Founded under the title Collegium Cultorum Martyrum, in 1879, the Pontifical Academy of Martyrs promotes devotion to them, enhances and deepens the exact history of the witnesses of the faith, and monuments related to them, from the first centuries of Christianity.

In Christian usage, unlike the Son of God title, which has been an essential element of Christian creeds since the Apostolic age, the proclamation of " Jesus as the Son of man " has never been an article of faith in Christianity.

In Emperor Theodosius's edict De fide catholica of 27 February 380, enacted in Thessalonica and published in Constantinople for the whole empire, by which he established Catholic Christianity as the official religion of the empire, he referred to Damasus as a pontifex, while calling Peter an episcopus: "... the profession of that religion which was delivered to the Romans by the divine Apostle Peter, as it has been preserved by faithful tradition and which is now professed by the Pontiff Damasus and by Peter, Bishop of Alexandria ... We authorize the followers of this law to assume the title Catholic Christians ..." Some see in this an implied significant differentiation, but the title pontifex maximus is not used in the text ; pontifex is used instead: "... quamque pontificem damasum sequi claret et petrum alexandriae episcopum ..." ( Theodosian Code XVI. 1. 2 ; and Sozomen, " Ecclesiastical History ", VII, iv.

After Christianity and Judaism had separated, the prevailing view regarding Enoch was that of Targum Pseudo-Jonathan, which thought of Enoch as a pious man, taken to Heaven, and receiving the title of Safra rabba ( Great scribe ).

" The change of view is illustrated clearly in the essay, published in the Tübinger Zeitschrift for 1831, on the Christ-party in the Corinthian Church, Die Christuspartei in der korinthischen Gemeinde, der Gegensatz des paulinischen und petrinischen Christentums in der ältesten Kirche, der Apostel Petrus in Rom, the trend of which is suggested by the title ( in English, ' The Christ Party in the Corinthian Community, the Opposition of Pauline and Petrine Christianity in the earliest Church, the apostle Peter in Rome ').

" The Influence of the Apostle Paul on the Development of Christianity " was the title of a course of Hibbert Lectures given in London in 1885.

Both these books have been translated into English: Paradiesgärtlein with the title the Garden of Paradise, and Wahres Christentum as True Christianity.

Subdeacon ( or sub-deacon ) is a title used in various branches of Christianity.

In the early centuries of Christianity, this title was applied, especially in the east, to all bishops and other senior clergy ; in the west it began to be used particularly of the Bishop of Rome, rather than for bishops in general, in the 6th century and it was only in 1075 that Pope Gregory VII issued a declaration that has been widely interpreted as stating this by then established convention.

Bede, describing Peada as " an excellent youth, and most worthy of the title and person of a king ", wrote that he sought to marry Alchflaed, the daughter of King Oswiu of Northumbria ; Oswiu, however, made this conditional upon Peada's baptism and conversion to Christianity, along with the Middle Angles ( Peada was, at this time, still a pagan, like his father ).

In Christianity, the Beatitudes ( anglicized from the Matthean Vulgate Latin section title: Beatitudines ) are a set of teachings by Jesus that appear in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke.

An English translation of certain portions of the Palingénésie philosophique was published in 1787, under the title Philosophical and Critical Inquiries concerning Christianity.

The see of Hamburg was designated a " Mission to bring Christianity to the North ", and Ansgar became known as the " Apostle of the North ".

This model of monotheism became the defining characteristic of post-Exilic Judaism, and became the basis for Christianity and Islam.

Throughout the late Roman and early Byzantine periods, Christianity was resolving fundamental questions of identity, and the dispute between the orthodox and the monophysites became the cause of serious disorder, expressed through allegiance to the horse-racing parties of the Blues and the Greens.

With the emergence of Christianity and the rise of Islam, Constantinople became the last bastion of Christian Europe, standing at the fore of Islamic expansion, and repelling its influence.

As Christianity grew and became more accepted by governments, notably with the Edict of Milan, rooms and, eventually, entire buildings were set aside for the explicit purpose of Christian worship, such as the Church of the Holy Sepulcher.

The Church became overwhelmingly Gentile sometime in the 4th century, the era of Constantine I and Christianity and the birth of the State church of the Roman Empire.

The Diocletianic Persecution ( 303 – 11 ), the Empire's last, largest, and bloodiest official persecution of Christianity, did not destroy the Empire's Christian community ; indeed, after 324 Christianity became the empire's preferred religion under its first Christian emperor, Constantine.

Christianity eventually became the official religion in 381.

Especially noteworthy is Matthew Tindal's Christianity as Old as the Creation ( 1730 ), which " became, very soon after its publication, the focal center of the deist controversy.

Once Christianity was established, the Catholic Church became the focal point for village activities and Guam became a regular port-of-call for the Spanish galleons that crossed the Pacific Ocean from Mexico to the Philippines.

Notwithstanding the accounts of Biblical figures like Moses, Enoch and Solomon being associated with magical practices, when Christianity became the dominant faith of the Roman Empire, the early Church frowned upon the propagation of books on magic, connecting it with paganism and burned books of magic.

If Matthew's prime concern was to preserve the Jewish character of the church, he failed: Christianity became a Gentile religion, and Christianity and Judaism came to view each other as opposites.

Though Christianity started as a movement within Judaism, gradually Christians and Jews became bitterly opposed.

The same year Armenia became the first country to adopt Christianity as its state religion.

The newly built cathedral, the Mother Church in Echmiadzin became and remains the spiritual and cultural center of Armenian Christianity and center of the Armenian Apostolic Church.

Again in second-wave feminism in the U. S., as well as in many European and other countries, religion became the focus of some feminist analysis in Judaism, Christianity, and other religions, and some women turned to ancient goddess religions as an alternative to Abrahamic religions ( Womanspirit Rising 1979 ; Weaving the Visions 1989 ).

Although Géza probably never became a convinced Christian, during his rule Christianity began to spread among the Magyars.

It began among the Greeks and became the major philosophy of the Roman Empire before declining with the rise of Christianity in the 3rd century.

The area became a focal point of conflict between Christianity and Islam between 1096 and 1291 and from the end of the Crusades until the British conquest in 1917 was part of the Syrian province of first the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt and then ( from 1517 ) the Ottoman Empire.

Early in the 4th century, Constantinople became the capital of the East Roman Empire and Christianity was adopted as the official religion.

As Christianity spread, it acquired certain members from well-educated circles of the Hellenistic world ; they sometimes became bishops, but not always.