Rather than from a first-hand study of Jewish people, his delineation of Shylock stems from a collection of Italian stories, Il Pecorone, published in 1558, although written almost two centuries earlier.

For this period, as for earlier centuries, pottery remains the most secure source ; ;

In earlier centuries men had had enough to do in rebuilding a fundamental sense of order after chaos.

They then came in contact with the Berghouata, a Berber tribal confederation, who followed a " heresy " founded by Salih ibn Tarif, three centuries earlier.

A few may be earlier, notably the one proposed for Old Scatness Broch in Shetland, where a sheep bone dating to 390 – 200 BC has been reported The other broch claimed to be substantially older than the 1st century BC is Crosskirk in Caithness, but a recent review of the evidence suggests that it cannot plausibly be assigned a date earlier than the 1st centuries BC / AD

Fifteen centuries earlier, the Indus Valley Civilization was using grids in such cities as Mohenjo-Daro.

Among the experiments of earlier centuries, scrolls were sometimes unrolled horizontally, as a succession of columns.

Such sentiments especially grew strong in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, when ecumenism evolved out of a liberal, non-sectarian perspective on relations to other Christian groups that accompanied the relaxation of Calvinist stringencies held by earlier generations.

In the Age of Exploration, from the 15th century to the 17th century, European cartographers both copied earlier maps ( some of which had been passed down for centuries ) and drew their own based on explorers ' observations and new surveying techniques.

" Their doctrines have numerous resemblances to those of the Bogomils and the earlier Paulicians as well as the Manicheans and the Christian Gnostics of the first few centuries AD, although, as many scholars, most notably Mark Pegg, have pointed out, it would be erroneous to extrapolate direct, historical connections based on theoretical similarities perceived by modern scholars.

However, several coins, seals and images exist, both foreign and domestic, from the 13th to 15th centuries and even earlier, showing flags similar to Dannebrog.

Although many of the results in Elements originated with earlier mathematicians, one of Euclid's accomplishments was to present them in a single, logically coherent framework, making it easy to use and easy to reference, including a system of rigorous mathematical proofs that remains the basis of mathematics 23 centuries later.

Elijah did not give a direct answer to the Lord's question but evades and equivocates, implying that the work the Lord had begun centuries earlier had now come to nothing, and that his own work was fruitless.

The earlier necessity and expediency had mutated into a strict tradition that did not allow for current expediency or necessity, but only dictated that daughters of a restricted circle of families were eligible brides, because they had produced eligible brides for centuries.

From an earlier preference in using silver, European economies re-established the minting of gold as coinage during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.

Gnostic and pseudo-gnostic ideas became influential in some of the philosophies of various esoteric mystical movements of the late 19th and 20th centuries in Europe and North America, including some that explicitly identify themselves as revivals or even continuations of earlier gnostic groups.

Few academics argue that the text, in its present form, dates back any earlier than the 14th – 16th centuries ; although a minority see it as containing portions of an earlier work, and almost all would detect the influence of earlier sources — over and above the Vulgate text of the Latin Bible.

Bear's garlic, a rediscovered spice from earlier centuries, has become quite popular again since the 1990s.

Although they are thought to have been used in Europe much earlier, gambesons underwent a revolution from their first proven use in the late 11th and early 12th centuries as an item of armour that simply facilitated the wearing of mail to an item of independent armour popular amongst infantry.

Such a recent origin was a handicap for a belief system bound by the scripture revealed, and the ways of those who lived, twelve centuries earlier.

Millions in northern Europe would die over an extended number of years, marking a clear end to the earlier period of growth and prosperity during the 11th and 12th centuries.

Canaan in the Late Bronze Age was a shadow of what it had been centuries earlier: many cities were abandoned, others shrank in size, and the total settled population was probably not much more than a hundred thousand.

Bede was interested primarily in the Christianization of England, but since Æthelberht was the first Anglo-Saxon king to convert to Christianity, Bede provides more substantial information about him than about any earlier king.

Biblical scholars are in general agreement that it was written by St. Paul to the church of Philippi, an early center of Christianity in Greece around 62 A. D. Other scholars argue for an earlier date, c. 50-60 A. D.

In the 19th century, various theories were proposed regarding the origin of religion, supplanting the earlier claims of Christianity of urreligion.

As noted earlier, intra-religious pluralism refers to views held by specific schools or denominations within a major faith tradition ( e. g., by Eastern Orthodox Christians ) about the validity or truth of other schools or denominations within the same major faith tradition ( e. g., about Protestant Christianity or Roman Catholic Christianity ).

" This mirrored his earlier work The Essence of Christianity ( pub.

The link with carne would suggest an origin within Christianity, while the link with carro with earlier religions.

The first appearance of Christianity in Mercia, however, had come at least thirty years earlier, following the Battle of Cirencester of 628, when Penda incorporated the formerly West Saxon territories of Hwicce into his kingdom.

Their culture in large part became identified with early Christianity during the first and second century after being previously regarded as pagans and polytheists during the earlier influences of Hellenism and Rome.

As their religious beliefs in the Gospel later deteriorated away from first and second century Christianity, the Goths would become identified again with occultism, paganism and the earlier beliefs associated with their classical spiritual influences.

In earlier periods of Christianity or Islam kissing became a ritual gesture, and is still treated as such in certain customs, as when " kissing the Pope's foot, relics, or a bishop's ring.

Paul, having earlier converted Philemon to Christianity, sought to reconcile the two by writing the letter to Philemon which today exists in the New Testament .).

It is not clear if Walser's later Christianity was a hybrid with his earlier spiritualism, but he did author a book entitled The Life and Teachings of Jesus.

This may not be as closely connected with the rise of Christianity as previously assumed ( the earlier suggestion of a 4th century end to the portraits would coincide with the widespread distribution of Christianity in Egypt.

However, Theodor Mommsen has shown that the Mathesis was composed in the year 336 and not in 354 as was formerly held, thus making it an earlier work than De errore profanarum religionum, and could have been written prior to Firmicus ' conversion to Christianity.

This is quite inconsistent with the earlier date Bede gives for Eadbald ’ s acceptance of Christianity, and it has been suggested in Bede's defence that Æthelburg married Edwin substantially earlier and stayed in Kent until 625 before travelling to Rome, and that the letter was written while she was in Kent.

His mother had died of cancer ten years earlier and so McElwee returns to his father's house, where his father's housekeeper ministers to him about Christianity and faith.

There had been earlier Aristotelian influences within Christianity ( notably Anselm ), but Aquinas ( who, incidentally, found his Aristotelian influence via Avicenna, Averroes, and Maimonides ) incorporated extensive Aristotelian ideas throughout his own theology.

She had converted from her family's Cao Dai religion to Christianity four years earlier.

Though the word proselytism originally referred to Early Christianity ( and earlier Gentiles ), it now refers to any religions ' or religious individuals ' attempts to convert people to their beliefs or even any attempt to convert people to another point of view, religious or not.

His later essay on Natural Religion, which denies that supernaturalism is essential to religion and maintains that the negations of science tend to purify rather than destroy Christianity satisfied no one and excited far less interest than his earlier work.

* An Apology for Mr. Toland ( 1697 ) ( concerning Toland's earlier Christianity Not Mysterious ).