He was canonized and proclaimed a Doctor of the Church on December 16, 1931 by Pope Pius XI and patron saint of the sciences.

Following the Leipzig premiere, the opera was presented in Berlin in December 1931 at the Theater am Schiffbauerdamm conducted by Alexander von Zemlinsky with Lotte Lenya as Jenny, Trude Hesterberg as Begbick, and Harald Paulsen as Jimmy.

A bocce player of note is Umberto Granaglia ( May 20, 1931 – December 13, 2008 ), who was awarded the honor of " Player of the Twentieth Century " by the Confédération Mondiale des Sports de Boules.

The conclusions of the imperial premiers conference of 1926 were restated by the 1930 conference and incorporated in the Statute of Westminster of December 1931, by which the British parliament renounced any legislative authority over dominion affairs, except as specifically provided in law.

He was appointed Fleet Wireless Officer to the Mediterranean Fleet in August 1931, and having been promoted to commander on 31 December 1932, was posted to the battleship HMS Resolution.

The Home Office removed gunpowder from its list of Permitted Explosives ; and shortly afterwards, on 31 December 1931, the former Curtis & Harvey's Glynneath gunpowder factory at Pontneddfechan, in Wales, closed down, and it was demolished by fire in 1932.

Shooting began on December 7, 1931 at Ascot Motor Speedway and wrapped on February 1, 1932.

On 27 December 2002 by 62 % the voters overwhelmingly elected members of the National Rainbow Coalition ( NaRC ) to parliament and NaRC candidate Mwai Kibaki ( b. 1931 ) to the presidency.

Spacey was born in South Orange, New Jersey, the son of Kathleen Ann ( née Knutson ; December 5, 1931 – March 19, 2003 ), a secretary, and Thomas Geoffrey Fowler ( June 4, 1924 – December 24, 1992 ), a technical writer and data consultant.

Following the death of the club's principal benefactor,, in October 1927, the club's finances deteriorated to the extent that Manchester United would likely have gone bankrupt had it not been for James W. Gibson, who, in December 1931, invested £ 2, 000 and assumed control of the club.

Despite several upgrades between December 1923 and July 1924, the nearby Hotel Esplanade's formidable bulk prevented the transmitter from functioning effectively and so in December 1924 it was superseded by a better sited new one, but Vox-Haus lived on as the home of Germany's first radio station, Radiostunde Berlin, founded in 1923, renamed Funkstunde in March 1924, but it moved to a new home in 1931 and closed in 1934.

As of December 2010, five former premiers are alive, the oldest being John Cain ( 1982 – 1990, born 1931 ).

On 10 December 1930, these were presented to the United States Senate, who postponed ratifying it on 16 December 1931 pending the discussion of " pressing domestic business ".

), national minorities were represented in Parliament, and several of them created national parties ( the Magyars in 1922, the Germans in 1929, the Jews in 1931 ), although a unique standing of minorities with autonomy on a wide basis, provided for at the assembly of Transylvanian Romanians on 1 December 1918 were not fulfilled.

But he kept the engagement and married von Osten in December 1931.

Passed on 11 December 1931, the Act established legislative equality for the self-governing dominions of the British Empire with the United Kingdom.

With the Labor Party split between Scullin's supporters and Langites, and with a very popular leader ( Lyons had a genial manner and the common touch ), the UAP won the subsequent parliamentary elections in December 1931 in a massive landslide which saw the two wings of the Labor Party cut down to 18 seats between them, and Lyons became Prime Minister in January 1932.

Their remains were re-interred December 20, 1927, at the newly completed Harding Memorial in Marion, dedicated by President Herbert Hoover on June 16, 1931.

* Edmund Leslie Newcombe ( September 16, 1924 – December 9, 1931 )

* December 27 – John Swigert, American astronaut ( b. 1931 )

* December 1 – Alvin Ailey, American dancer and choreographer ( b. 1931 )

* December 19 – Albert Abraham Michelson, German-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1931 )

* December 16 – Empress Wu Zetian of the Zhou Dynasty ( b. 625 )

When the Soviet agent Pavel Mif arrived in Shanghai to lead the Comintern in China in December 1930, Mif criticized Li's strategy as " left adventurism ", and criticized Zhou for compromising with Li.

Although he had supported the elimination of counterrevolutionaries, Zhou actively suppressed the campaign when he arrived in Jiangxi in December 1931, criticizing the " excess, the panic, and the oversimplification " practiced by local officials.

* 1931: December, Zhou Enlai arrives in Ruijin and replaces Mao as leader of the CCP.

Although the de facto leader of the party at the time, Zhou Enlai, originally supported Mao's purges as necessary to eliminate KMT spies, after he arrived in Jiangxi in December 1931 Zhou criticized Mao's campaigns for being directed more against anti-Maoists than legitimate threats to the Party, for the campaign's general senselessness, and for the widespread use of torture to extract confessions.

In December 1931 Zhou replaced Mao Zedong as Secretary of the First Front Army and political commissar of the Red Army.

In December 2010, one of the leaked United States diplomatic cables quoted a contact that claimed Li Changchun and fellow Politburo Standing Committee member Zhou Yongkang oversaw Beijing's cyber attack against Google.

Under the direction of Mao and Zhou, the Red Army finally arrived at the remote Communist base of Yan ' an, Shaanxi, in December 1936.

In December 1930, Liu went to Shanghai to assist Zhou Enlai in the daily administration of CPC military affairs.

In December, Zhou ended the 2008 season by winning the BWF Super Series Masters Finals, the biggest prize money event in the sport.

In December, the Kun Barbarians ( 昆夷 ) invaded Zhou.

In December, the vassals of Yong ( 庸 ), Shu, Qiang ( 羌 ), State ( 髳 ), Wei, Lu, Peng ( 彭 ) and Pu ( 濮 ) all followed Zhou to fight Shang.

In December, when the famous Xi ' an Incident ( 西安事變 ) broke out, Fan grasped the opportunity to interview Zhou Enlai ( 周恩來 ) at the risk of life.

In December, Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai ordered the leftist groups in Hong Kong to stop all bombings ; and the riots in Hong Kong finally came to an end.

Zhou Yongkang ( born December 1942 ) is a senior leader in the Communist Party of China ( CPC ) who is currently serving as the 9th ranked member of the powerful Politburo Standing Committee ( PSC ), and the Secretary of the Central Political and Legislative Committee, an organ directing central government legal policy and the legislative agenda.

Born in December 1942, Zhou Yongkang is a native of Wuxi, Jiangsu province.

The riots only came to an end in December 1967 when Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai ordered the leftist groups in Hong Kong to stop.

Barney was replaced as Camden Yards ' PA announcer by Dave McGowan, who held the position until December 2011.

This foray into government policy making, however, ended in a new currency crisis that December and the failure ( compounded by the company's lackluster business performance ) resulted in Born's 1991 ouster from the board ; he was replaced by Chief Operations Officer Octavio Caraballo.

Its functions were replaced by a fans forum which met for the first time in December 2008.

On December 8, 1917, some of the original members of the VCheka were replaced.

He was made captain of the battleship HMS Queen on 15 December 1908 until replaced 4 January 1910.

A bare majority of Congress, acting in a special session called by former President Lucio Gutiérrez in December, 2004, ousted 27 of the 31 justices and replaced them with new members chosen by Congress, notwithstanding the lack of any provisions permitting impeachment of Supreme Court justices by Congress and the specific provisions giving the Court the power to select new members.

He was replaced on 14 December 2007 by the former Real Madrid and FC Juventus manager Fabio Capello.

In 1872 the first secondary school was built. On 3 December 1877 Grenada's old representative system of government was replaced by the pure Crown Colony model.

On 7 December, the head of the Ottoman fleet Tahir Bey was replaced by Ramiz Naman Bey, the leader of the hawkish faction among the officer corps.

On 3 December 1941, Shefqet Bej Verlaci was replaced as Prime Minister and Head of State by Mustafa Merlika Kruja.

However, Verona was immediately involved in the relegation battle, and Massimo Ficcadenti was replaced in December 2006 by Giampiero Ventura.

After the Gator Bowl game on December 31, 1993 the old stadium was essentially demolished and replaced with a reinforced concrete superstructure.

The first Vice-Chancellor of Macquarie University was Alexander George Mitchell, who held the position until December 1975, when he was replaced by Edwin Webb, who served until 1986.

In June 1971, Frank O ' Farrell was appointed as manager, but lasted less than 18 months before being replaced by Tommy Docherty in December 1972.

CBS rescinded its system in March 1953, and the FCC replaced it on December 17, 1953 with the NTSC color standard, which was cooperatively developed by several companies, including RCA and Philco.

By December 1979, Muzerowa had replaced Smith as Prime Minister and secured a a fresh agreement with the more militant African factions, allowing Rhodesia to briefly revert to her colonial status pending popular elections.

Backstage at the Hollywood Palace show on December 26, 1985, one member's eyeball mask ( Mr. Red Eye ) was stolen, so it was replaced with a giant skull mask.

The Asquith government proved ineffective but when David Lloyd George replaced him in December 1916 Britain gained a powerful and successful wartime leader.

The standoff ended on 11 December 2004 when the parliament passed a motion of no-confidence against Vohor and replaced him with Ham Lini.

Dr. William DeVries and his surgical team at the University of Utah Medical Center made medical history and national headlines on December 2, 1982, when they replaced a diseased heart with the Jarvik-7, the first permanent artificial heart ever used for a human patient.

* December 4 – President of Bangladesh Hussain Muhammad Ershad resigns ; he is replaced by Shahabuddin Ahmed, who becomes interim president.

* December 4 – Prime Minister of Jordan Zaid ibn Shaker resigns and is replaced by Mudar Badran.

* December 12 – Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend, is demoted from his office as Secretary of State for the Northern Department in the British government and replaced by James Stanhope, 1st Earl Stanhope.

On 31 December 1938, both the Nansen Office and High Commission were dissolved and replaced by the Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees under the Protection of the League.

In Sweden it was also a public holiday, but Pentecost Monday ( Annandag Pingst ) was replaced by Swedish National Day on June 6, by a government decision on December 15, 2004.