His credulity is perhaps best illustrated in his introduction to The Emancipation Of Massachusetts, which purports to examine the trials of Moses and to draw a parallel between the leader of the Israelite exodus from Egypt and the leadership of the Puritan clergy in colonial New England.

Since the Protestant clergy for the most part wear gray or some variant from the wholly black suit, my Roman collar and black garb usually identify me in England as a Roman Catholic cleric.

" He further asserts that because the Roman Catholic Church does not recognise the Church of England as an apostolic church, a Roman Catholic monarch who abided by their faith's doctrine would be obliged to view Anglican and Church of Scotland archbishops, bishops, and clergy as part of the laity and therefore " lacking the ordained authority to preach and celebrate the sacraments.

In England, an Oath of Abjuration was taken by Members of Parliament, clergy, and laymen, pledging to support the current British monarch and repudiated the right of the Stuarts and other claimants to the throne.

In the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America ( ELCA ) and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada ( ELCIC ), the largest Lutheran Church bodies in the United States and Canada respectively and roughly based on the Nordic Lutheran state churches ( similar to that of the Church of England ), bishops are elected by Synod Assemblies, consisting of both lay members and clergy, for a term of 6 years, which can be renewed, depending upon the local synod's " constitution " ( which is mirrored on either the ELCA or ELCIC's national constitution ).

In England, Henry I's proclamation of the Charter of Liberties in 1100 bound the king for the first time in his treatment of the clergy and the nobility.

In 1533 their marriage was declared invalid and Henry married Anne on the judgment of clergy in England, without reference to the Pope.

However, the contradiction of simultaneously upholding tradition and embracing innovations was impossible to resolve and, as a consequence, the clergy continued to lose influence over secular affairs in eighteenth-century New England.

In a review of Charles Babbage's book Decline of Science in England in John Murray's Quarterly Review, he suggested the creation of " an association of our nobility, clergy, gentry and philosophers ".

Innocent then placed an interdict on England in March 1208, prohibiting clergy from conducting religious services, with the exception of baptisms for the young, and confessions and absolutions for the dying.

John seized the lands of those clergy unwilling to conduct services, as well as those estates linked to Innocent himself ; he arrested the illicit concubines that many clerics kept during the period, only releasing them after the payment of fines ; he seized the lands of members of the church who had fled England, and he promised protection for those clergy willing to remain loyal to him.

James gave the translators instructions intended to guarantee that the new version would conform to the ecclesiology and reflect the episcopal structure of the Church of England and its belief in an ordained clergy.

In 12th and 13th century England, the ability to cite a particular passage from the Bible entitled a common law defendant to the so-called benefit of clergy, i. e. trial before an ecclesiastical court, where sentences were more lenient, instead of a secular one, where hanging was a likely sentence.

Initially Whitefield and the Wesleys merely sought reform, by way of a return to the gospel, within the Church of England, but the movement spread with revival and soon a significant number of Anglican clergy became known as Methodists in the mid-18th century.

Honorius wrote to the clergy and nobles of England, directing them to treat his legate as if he were Honorius himself.

While in Rome he assisted at a council then being held concerning certain questions on " the life and monastic peace of monks ", and, on his departure, took with him to England the decree of the council together with letters from the pope to Lawrence, Archbishop of Canterbury, and to all the clergy, to King Ethelbert of Kent, and to all the English people " concerning what was to be observed by the Church of England ".

With the clergy beginning to be taxed in France and England to finance their ongoing wars against each other, Boniface took a hard stand against it.

In England the anti-papal preaching of John Wyclif supported the opposition of the king and the higher clergy to Boniface IX's habit of granting English benefices as they fell vacant to favorites in the Roman Curia.

Puritans were blocked from changing the established church from within, and severely restricted in England by laws controlling the practice of religion, but their views were taken by the emigration of congregations to the Netherlands and later New England, United States, and by evangelical clergy to Ireland and later into Wales, and were spread into lay society by preaching and parts of the educational system, particularly certain colleges of the University of Cambridge.

After the English Restoration of 1660 and the 1662 Uniformity Act, almost all Puritan clergy left the Church of England, some becoming nonconformist ministers, and the nature of the movement in England changed radically, though it retained its character for much longer in New England.

Also in 1983, he recorded tracks including " In England and In Africa " and " Sing Like Billy Bragg " which were used as a ‘ demo ’ to secure a further Peel Session in 1984, where he performed three songs including " Hands Together Eyes Closed ".

Scientists at Liverpool University in England performed genetic tests on three eggs that collapsed after being moved to an incubator, and verified that Flora had never been in physical contact with a male dragon.

* 1717 – The Loves of Mars and Venus is the first ballet performed in England.

Although The Sin of Pride was critically acclaimed and the Undertones performed several gigs in both Scotland and England to promote the release of this album, The Sin of Pride only reached number 43 in the UK chart.

* The earliest recorded miracle play is performed in Dunstable, England.

* December 30 – The Pirates of Penzance is first performed in Paignton, Devon, England.

It was first performed in England on 24 May 1856 in Italian at Her Majesty's Theatre in London, where it was considered morally questionable, and " the heads of the Church did their best to put an injunction upon performance ; the Queen refrained from visiting the theatre during the performances, though the music, words and all, were not unheard at the palace ".

These vernacular religious performances were, in some of the larger cities in England such as York, performed and produced by guilds, with each guild taking responsibility for a particular piece of scriptural history.

* Wakefield Mystery Plays-a collection of thirty-two mystery plays performed in medieval and early Renaissance England.

* January 11 – May 6 – The first recorded lottery in England is performed nonstop at the west door of the St. Paul's Cathedral.

Haydn became more interested in choral music near the end of his life following his visits to England in the 1790s, when he heard various Handel oratorios performed by large forces ; he wrote a series of masses beginning in 1797 and his two great oratorios The Creation and The Seasons.

Ablative psychosurgery was not performed in England between the late 1990s and 2010, although a couple of hospitals have been experimenting with DBS.

Although the initial Atlantic naval explorations were performed purely by Europeans, members of many European nationalities were involved, including sailors from the Iberian kingdoms, the Italian kingdoms, England, France and Poland.

His largest, longest and most ambitious work is the four-movement Symphony in C (" Saturday Symphony ") which was written during his retirement c. 1970 and performed in England and Germany.

Incubus also performed a number of shows throughout Europe this summer including the Rock am Ring and Rock im Park Festivals in Germany, the Nova Rock Festival in Austria, Pinkpop Festival in the Netherlands and the Download Festival in England.

An Inspector Calls was first performed in 1945 in two Moscow theatres, as an appropriate venue in England could not be found.

The Salvation Army in England, America, Australia and New Zealand commonly used concertinas in their bands, and other concertina bands and musicians performed in all parts of the English speaking world.

The most successful adaptation was David Garrick's Catharine and Petruchio, which was introduced in 1756 and dominated the stage for almost two centuries, with Shakespeare's play not returning until 1844 in England and 1887 in the United States, although Garrick's version was still being performed as late as 1879, when Herbert Beerbohm Tree staged it.

The Pageant of the Shearmen and Tailors, performed in Coventry, England, included a haunting song about the episode, now known as the Coventry Carol.

The play was performed and published late in the reign of the childless Elizabeth I of England, at a time when the queen's advanced age made the succession an important political concern.

Edward's immediate successor was the Earl of Wessex, Harold Godwinson, the richest and most powerful of the English aristocrats, who was elected king by the Witenagemot of England and crowned by the Archbishop of York, Ealdred, although Norman propaganda claimed the ceremony was performed by Stigand, the uncanonically elected Archbishop of Canterbury.

Edward Harley and John Blunt together had devised a scheme to consolidate this debt in a similar manner to that previously performed by the Bank of England, although the Bank still held the monopoly on operating as a bank.

During the reigns of Elizabeth I and James I of England, William Shakespeare wrote his plays and performed with his theatre company the Lord Chamberlain's Men ( later called the King's Men ).

In 2006, Mulgrew performed in The Exonerated at the Riverside Studios located in London, England.