Its common names are ambiguous – " ruffe " may refer to any local member of its genus Gymnocephalus, which as a whole is natively endemic to Eurasia.

It was among the most effective armies of western Eurasia for much of the Middle Ages. The early Byzantine army received a mixed diet of victory and defeat – consequently the cavalry arm became more prominent as the legion system disappeared in the early 7th century.

Several species ( H. nestianus, sainzelli, crenatidens, nihowanensis, ultimum ) are recognized from Eurasia, which differ mainly in the shape of the canines and in body size.

It is widespread and common in Eurasia, mainly breeding in temperate and wintering in subtropical regions ; in winter, it can also be found in the Maghreb.

F. tularensis palaearctica ( Type B ) occurs mainly in aquatic rodents ( beavers, muskrats ) in North America and in hares and small rodents in northern Eurasia.

The Ruff is a migratory species, breeding in wetlands in colder regions of northern Eurasia, and spends the northern winter in the tropics, mainly in Africa.

The genus includes about 100 species, distributed worldwide, but mainly in temperate Eurasia.

This is a cosmopolitan family, found mainly in temperate Eurasia, North America, South America, parts of Australia, New Zealand and tropical Africa.

These plants are mainly native to Eurasia, but some species can be found nearly worldwide, having been introduced to other continents.

In Eurasia the Northern Hawk-Owl ’ s biomass consists of about 94 % microtine voles, whereas in North America the percentage of biomass contributed by voles can be as low as 20 %.

Volcanic arcs ( see volcanic arc ) and backarc basins ( see back-arc basin ) formed and were emplaced onto Eurasia as ophiolites ( see ophiolite ) as they collided with microcontinents ( literally relatively small plates of continental lithosphere ; e. g. Ustaomer and Robertson, 1997 ).

The Common Kingfisher ( Alcedo atthis ) also known as Eurasian Kingfisher or River Kingfisher, is a small kingfisher with seven subspecies recognized within its wide distribution across Eurasia and North Africa.

The Wallcreeper ( Tichodroma muraria ) is a small passerine bird found throughout the high mountains of Eurasia.

Mongooses are 33 living species of small carnivorans from southern Eurasia and mainland Africa of the family Herpestidae.

The genus Perisoreus is a very small genus of Jays from the Boreal regions of North America and Eurasia from Scandinavia to the Asian seaboard.

The Black-shouldered Kite ( Elanus axillaris ) or Australian Black-shouldered Kite is a small raptor found in open habitat throughout Australia and resembles similar species found in Africa, Eurasia and North America, which have in the past also been named as Black-shouldered Kites.

Later, about 70, 000 years ago, perhaps after the Toba catastrophe, a small group left the Levant to populate Eurasia, Australia and later the Americas.

They are largely found in Eurasia, New Zealand, the Philippines and Borneo, and are characteristically small.

The Alpine orogeny occurred when the continents Africa and India and the small Cimmerian plate collided ( from the south ) with Eurasia in the north.

Members of Linoideae include herbaceous annuals and perennials as well as woody subshrubs, shrubs, and small trees ( Tirpitzia ) inhabiting temperate and tropical latitudes of Eurasia, Africa, Australia, and the Americas.

Silene acaulis, moss campion, or Cushion Pink is a small mountain-dwelling wildflower that is common all over the high arctic and tundra in the higher mountains of Eurasia and North America, ( south to the Alps, Carpathians, southern Siberia, Pyrenees, British Isles, Faroe Islands, Rocky Mountains ).

On the opposite side of Eurasia, the Basque lauburu and some forms of the Celtic spiral triskele resemble small groups of tomoe.

By the early Miocene, deinotheres had grown to the size of a small elephant, and had migrated to Eurasia.

Though once abundant over much of North America and Eurasia, the grey wolf inhabits a very small portion of its former range because of widespread destruction of its habitat ; in some regions it is endangered or threatened.

While loss of livestock by wolves makes up only a small percentage of total losses in North America, surveys in Eurasia show some instances where wolf predation was frequent.

* Loons, or divers, a group of aquatic birds found in parts of North America and northern Eurasia

The Common Mare's tail, Hippuris vulgaris, is a common aquatic plant of Eurasia and North America.

Utricularia vulgaris is an aquatic species and grows into branching rafts with individual stolons up to one metre or longer in ponds and ditches throughout Eurasia.

The species are floating annual aquatic plants, growing in slow-moving water up to 5 meters deep, native to warm temperate parts of Eurasia and Africa.

Villarsia nymphaeoides, Fringed Water-lily, Yellow Floating-heart, Water Fringe ) is an aquatic plant of the family Menyanthaceae native to Eurasia.

The multiple dispersal model is contradicted by studies indicating that the populations of Eurasia and the populations of Southeast Asia and Oceania are all descended from the same mitochondrial DNA lineages, which support a single migration out of Africa that gave rise to all non-African populations.

The decline of the dog-like hyenas began 5-7 million years ago during a period of climate change, which was exacerbated when canids crossed the Bering land bridge to Eurasia.

These mountains are recognised by biogeographers as the boundary between two of the Earth's great ecozones: the temperate Palearctic that covers most of Eurasia and the tropical and subtropical Indomalaya ecozone which includes the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia and Indonesia.

Later in his life, Greenberg proposed that nearly all of the language families of northern Eurasia belong to a single higher-order family, which he called Eurasiatic.

Laurasia became North America and Eurasia, while Gondwana split into South America, Africa, Australia, Antarctica and the Indian subcontinent, which collided with the Asian plate during the Cenozoic, the impact giving rise to the Himalayas.

Marsupials spread westward into modern North America ( still attached to Eurasia ) and then to South America, which was connected to North America until around 65 mya.

In a regional nuclear conflict scenario where two opposing nations in the subtropics would each use 50 Hiroshima-sized nuclear weapons ( about 15 kiloton each ) on major populated centers, the researchers estimated as much as five million tons of soot would be released, which would produce a cooling of several degrees over large areas of North America and Eurasia, including most of the grain-growing regions.

Mountain ranges are found along the southern borders, such as the Caucasus ( containing Mount Elbrus, which at is the highest point in both Russia and Europe ) and the Altai ( containing Mount Belukha, which at the is the highest point of Siberia outside of the Russian Far East ); and in the eastern parts, such as the Verkhoyansk Range or the volcanoes of Kamchatka Peninsula ( containing Klyuchevskaya Sopka, which at the is the highest active volcano in Eurasia as well as the highest point of Asian Russia ).

Another wolf-like branch migrated to Eurasia and evolved into the gray wolf, which later migrated to North America.

These are the North Anatolian Fault Zone, which forms the present day plate boundary of Eurasia near the Black Sea coast, and the East Anatolian Fault Zone, which forms part of the boundary of the North Arabian Plate in the southeast.

It represents a period of time in which imperialism, or the desire to conquer, grew to prominence, in the city states of the Middle East, but also throughout Eurasia, with Indo-European expansion to Anatolia, Europe and Central Asia.

Above all, he wanted to ensure that the Navy would have a pre-eminent role in Hitler's Weltreich and armament priorities far beyond what it could hope to achieve in this war " Hitler saw the conquest of the Soviet Union, which was intended to give Germany lebensraum and with it control of enough of Eurasia, to provide sufficient Autarky to challenge the sea powers and carry out Raeder's plans for trans-oceanic expansionism.

Klyuchevskaya Sopka (; also known as Kliuchevskoi, ) is a stratovolcano which is the highest mountain on the Kamchatka Peninsula of Russia and the highest active volcano of Eurasia.

This is a perennial herb which is native to Eurasia, but it is widely cultivated worldwide as an animal forage and fodder.

In the mountains of Eurasia, pikas often share their burrows with snowfinches, which build their nests there.

The climate is mild humid ; near Batumi, annual rainfall level reaches 4000 mm, which is the absolute maximum for the continental western Eurasia.

During the Mongol rule, in 1334, Hubei was devastated by the world's first recorded outbreak of the Black Death, which spread during the following three centuries to decimate populations throughout Eurasia.

Laurasia finally divided into the continents after which it is named: Laurentia ( now North America ) and Eurasia ( excluding India ).

Under Uzbeg and his successor Janibeg ( 1342 – 1357 ), Islam, which among some of the Turks in Eurasia had deep roots going back into pre-Mongol times, gained general acceptance, though its adherents remained tolerant of other beliefs.

This appears as the third principal component of genetic variation in Eurasia ( after the " Great expansion " from the African continent, and a second expansion from the area of Northern Siberia ), which suggests geographical expansion during the early Jōmon period.

The Palearctic ecozone includes mostly boreal and temperate climate ecoregions, which run across Eurasia from western Europe to the Bering Sea.