The Pathé company in France also made imitations and variations of Smith and Williamson's films from 1902 onwards using cuts between the shots, which helped to standardize the basics of film construction.

More importantly, early next year the Pathé production unit down in the south of France in Nice made le Médecin du chateau ( The Physician of the Castle ), in which there are cuts back and forth between criminals threatening a doctor's wife and child, while the doctor himself drives home to rescue them after being warned by telephone.

In Europe the more restrained type of comedy was developed in substantial quantities in France, with the films of Max Linder for Pathé representing the summit of the genre from 1910 onwards.

* Pathé, various businesses founded and originally run by the Pathé Brothers of France

Created by Pathé Frères of France in 1908, this form of film was a staple of the typical North American, British, and Commonwealth countries ( especially Canada, Australia, and New Zealand ), and throughout European cinema programming schedule from the silent era until the 1960s when television news broadcasting completely supplanted its role.

These French studios, led by Pathé as well as Gaumont Pictures and Georges Méliès, were the dominant force worldwide until 1914 when movie production in France virtually ended with the onset of World War I.

In the 1950s, home movies became popular in the United States and elsewhere as Kodak 8 mm film ( Pathé 9. 5 mm in France ) and camera and projector equipment became affordable.

In France, Pathé became the largest and most successful distributor of cylinder records and phonographs.

Although Pathé cylinder records were never popular outside of France, their disc records sold successfully in many foreign countries such as the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, and Russia.

Attempts to market the Pathé vertical-cut discs abroad were abandoned in 1925, though they continued to sell in France until 1932.

The film division of Pathé Frères still survives in France.

Created by Pathé Frères of France in 1908, this form of film was a staple of the typical North American, British, and Commonwealth countries ( especially Canada, Australia and New Zealand ), and throughout European cinema programming schedule from the silent era until the 1960s when television news broadcasting completely supplanted its role.

Europe's " Hellfighters " also made their first recordings in France for the Pathé brothers.

We have our own racial feeling and if we try to copy whites we will make bad copies … We won France by playing music which was ours and not a pale imitation of others, and if we are to develop in America we must develop along our own lines .” In 1919 Europe made more recordings for Pathé Records.

) is the name of various French businesses founded and originally run by the Pathé Brothers of France from 1896.

The company was founded as Société Pathé Frères ( Pathé Brothers Company ) in Paris, France on 28 September 1896, by the four brothers Charles, Émile, Théophile and Jacques Pathé.

By 1909, Pathé had built more than 200 movie theaters in France and Belgium and by the following year they had facilities in Madrid, Moscow, Rome and New York City plus Australia and Japan.

Outside of France, Pathé does release their film library on VHS or DVD.

Manga Entertainment and Pathé released the anime on DVD in France.

After Georgia's defeat in the war in March 1921, Kvinitadze left for France, where he first worked as a clerk for Pathé Records and then run a small business producing matsoni.

The son of a butcher shop owner, Charles Pathé was born at Chevry-Cossigny, in the Seine-et-Marne département of France.

The connection of the lesser lay abbots with the abbeys, especially in the south of France, lasted longer ; and certain feudal families retained the title of abbes chevaliers ( abbates milltes ) for centuries, together with certain rights over the abbey lands or revenues.

' There was a knight of Saint Omer's, retained in wages with the king of England, called sir Denis Morbeke, who had served the Englishmen five year before, because in his youth he had forfeited the realm of France for a murder that he did at Saint-Omer's.

Essentially, every country that was colonised at some time by England, Great Britain, or the United Kingdom uses common law except those that were formerly colonised by other nations, such as Quebec ( which follows the law of France in part ), South Africa and Sri Lanka ( which follow Roman Dutch law ), where the prior civil law system was retained to respect the civil rights of the local colonists.

According to Alan Ware, Belgium, Denmark, Iceland, Finland, France, Greece, Iceland, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the UK retained viable conservative parties into the 1980s.

Count Raymond VII of Toulouse finally signed the Treaty of Paris in 1229, in which he retained much of his lands for life, but his daughter, married to Count Alfonso of Poitou, produced him no heir and so the County of Toulouse went to the King of France.

In the War of 1866, it fought on the side of Austria against Prussia, but retained its autonomy in defeat, because a greater part of the country was situated south of the Main river and Prussia did not dare to expand beyond the Main line as this might have provoked France.

Following the latter conflict, France retained control of Guadeloupe, Martinique, Marie-Galante, St. Barthélemy, and its portion of St. Martin ; all remain part of France today.

The victors of World War II — the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and France, comprising the Four-Power Authorities — retained authority over Berlin, such as control over air travel and its political status.

Under its terms, France restored Piedmont and Savoy to the Duke of Savoy, but retained Saluzzo, Calais and the bishoprics of Metz, Toul, and Verdun.

In September 1345 representative of France and Brabant met at the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye to sign preliminary agreements, and by a treaty signed at Saint-Quentin, June 1347, Brabant was retained as an ally by France.

When it was restored to France by the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the island retained the name of " Bourbon " until the fall of the restored Bourbons during the French Revolution of 1848, when the island was once again given the name “ Réunion ”.

René returned to France in the same year, and though he retained the title of king of Naples his effective rule was never recovered.

However, English monarchs retained their claim to France until 1801.

In the medieval period, France retained its association with pear growing, and the majority of pears consumed in England were in fact imported from France.

Isabelle had died in 1190, but King Philip still retained her dowry, on behalf of Isabelle's son, the future Louis VIII of France.

It has retained it thus far, however ; England and France are the only UEFA members offering a European berth to the winners of their second cup competitions.

The Guardianship transferred to Sir Andrew Murray of Bothwell but following his death in 1338 Robert was re-appointed and retained the office until King David returned from France in June 1341.

Since there was no linguistic contact with France from the late eighteenth century until the twentieth century, Acadian French retained features that died out during the French standardization efforts of the nineteenth century.

France retained its other pre-war North American possessions, including Île-Saint-Jean ( now Prince Edward Island ) as well as Île Royale ( now Cape Breton Island ), on which it erected the Fortress of Louisbourg.

France ceded almost all of its territory in mainland North America, but retained fishing rights off Newfoundland and the two small islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, where it could dry that fish.

Most notably, France retained all of the territory which it possessed as of 1 January 1792, and also was returned many of the territories lost to Britain during the war.