Alphonse Marie Louis de Lamartine, who had been a leader of the moderate republicans in France during the 1840s became the Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Provisional Government that was established by this Assembly.

In the 1880s, there was a debate between those, such as Georges Clemenceau ( Radical ), Jean Jaurès ( Socialist ) and Maurice Barrès ( nationalist ), who argued that colonialism diverted France from the " blue line of the Vosges " ( referring to Alsace-Lorraine ), and the " colonial lobby ", such as Jules Ferry ( moderate republican ), Léon Gambetta ( republican ) and Eugène Etienne, the president of the parliamentary colonial group.

Notwithstanding the meekness and affability of his upright and moderate character, modest to a fault ( he had the classical sculptures in the Vatican provided with mass-produced fig leaves ) and generous with his extensive private fortune, Clement XIII's pontificate was disturbed by perpetual contentions respecting the pressures to suppress the Jesuits coming from the progressive Enlightenment circles of the philosophes in France.

The Left Communist Bolsheviks likely believed that the Germans would seize the opportunity to make a separate peace with Russia ( even on moderate terms ) so that they would have an opportunity to defeat France and Great Britain before the Americans arrived, even if this meant they would have to settle for less generous terms.

There were three competing views on which direction France should go, embodied by three political parties: the moderate royalists or Feuillants, republican Girondists, and the more radical Montagnards, led by Maximilien Robespierre.

In the four months ' conclave which followed the death of Clement XIV Spain, France and Portugal at length dropped their objection to Braschi, who was after all one of the more moderate opponents of the anti-Jesuit policy of the previous Pope, and he was elected to the Holy See on 15 February 1775, taking the name of Pius VI.

Wenger, who had moderate success coaching in France and Japan, recognised Bergkamp's talent and wanted to use him as a fulcrum of the team's forward play.

Though most of Provence, with the exception of Marseille, Aix and Avignon, was rural, conservative and largely royalist, it did produce some memorable figures in the French Revolution ; Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau from Aix, who tried to moderate the Revolution, and turn France into a constitutional monarchy like England ; the Marquis de Sade from Lacoste in the Luberon, who was a Deputy from the far left in the National Assembly ; Charles Barbaroux from Marseille, who sent a battalion of volunteers to Paris to fight in the French Revolutionary Army ; and Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès ( 1748 – 1836 ), an abbé, essayist and political leader, who was one of the chief theorists of the French Revolution, French Consulate, and First French Empire, and who, in 1799, was the instigator of the coup d ' état of 18 Brumaire, which brought Napoleon to power.

Alternatively, due to its moderate climate, wine growing soils and rich agricultural land, the Loire Valley is referred to as " The Garden of France ".

" Over the years, and especially since the 1999 split, the FN has cultivated a more moderate image on issues of immigration and Islam, at least compared to some of the proposals of Mégret's MNR or Philippe de Villiers's Movement for France.

Four of Dalida's English language recordings (" Alabama Song ", " Money Money ", " Let Me Dance Tonight ", and " Kalimba de Luna "), gained moderate success primarily in France and Germany, without being widely distributed in the UK and US markets.

He had to leave France after the coup d ' état ; nor did he re-enter political life during the Second Empire until 1869, when he founded a moderate opposition journal at Toulouse.

The preliminary conditions already agreed on in Paris were moderate for France to not disturb the re-enthronement of the returned Bourbon king: France ' borders of 1 June 1792 were confirmed, and in addition, she was allowed to retain Saarbrücken, Saarlouis, Landau, the County of Montbéliard, part of Savoy with Annecy and Chambéry, also Avignon and the Comtat Venaissin as well as artifacts acquired during the war, while on the other hand she had to cede several colonies.

His support of the second Jules Ferry ministry and his zeal for the colonial expansion of France gave him considerable weight in the moderate Republican party.

Gambetta rendered France three inestimable services: by preserving her self-respect through the gallantry of the resistance he organized during the Franco-Prussian War, by his tact in persuading extreme partisans to accept a moderate Republic, and by his energy in overcoming the usurpation attempted by the advisers of Marshal MacMahon.

He consistently supported the moderate party at court, and stood by the ministry of the Duc de Richelieu, thus earning the distrust and dislike of Metternich, who held him responsible for the revival of Liberal agitation in France.

As a supporter of the moderate party, he became a member of the " Club of 1789 ," which favoured making France into a constitutional monarchy.

Nevertheless, Mitterrand was re-elected President in 1988 with a moderate programme entitled " United France ".

André Léon Blum (; 9 April 1872 – 30 March 1950 ) was a French politician, usually identified with the moderate left, and three times Prime Minister of France.

Comparisons could be drawn with the reformists within the Sarkozy government in France, the moderate wing of the US Republican Party or David Cameron's Conservatives in the United Kingdom.

For the more moderate among them, Gallican ideas and liberties were simply privileges — concessions made by the popes, who had been quite willing to divest themselves of a part of their authority in favour of the bishops or kings or France.

He initially called a great council in the spring of 1414 to discuss going to war with France, but the lords insisted that he should negotiate further and moderate his claims.

From fervent socialism he turned towards moderate opinions ; as they say in France, " he put water into his wine ".

Though today many historians feel the possibility of France and Italy falling to the communists was remote, it was regarded as a very real possibility by American policy makers at the time.

" The Owenites in England and the Fourierists in France were considered " respectable " socialists, while working-class movements that " proclaimed the necessity of total social change " denoted themselves communists.

Throughout the better part of its existence, the Fourth International was hounded by agents of the Soviet secret police, repressed by capitalist countries such as France and the United States and rejected by followers of the Soviet Union and later Maoism as illegitimate a position these communists still hold today.

Postwar European politics had quickly become polarised between communists and anti-communists, and in France De Gaulle was keen to resist Communist Party attempts to monopolise the political dividends available to resistance heroes: politically Billancourt was a communist stronghold.

From the signing of Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact to the German assault on the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941, Spanish communists pursued neutralist policies with regards to Germany's aggression against Poland and France, regarding the war as imperialist and unjust.

Paris became the Albanian communists ' hub until Nazi deportations depleted their ranks after the fall of France in 1940.

In 1939, he edited a propagandist newspaper in France together with other Albanian communists.

Although individual communists opposed the German occupation of France, the official Communist position was not to offer resistance, as the Soviet Union was in a non-aggression pact with Germany.

Almost all of the syndicalist unions attended the 1920 congress of the Bolsheviks ’ international of communists, the Comintern, which unions in France and Italy joined immediately.

Through that association, Gerő was involved in Comintern -- the international organization of communists — in France, and also fought in the Spanish Civil War.

The idea of a British force to fight the communists languished until Amery encountered Jacques Doriot during a visit to France in January 1943.

: Just as it seemed the communists would stage a full-scale revolt, a deputy ran into the chamber shouting ' Bartali's won the Tour de France!

When World War II broke out Van Severen was killed in Abbéville, France, suspected of being an agent of Nazi Germany, and as part of some executions of Rexists and Belgian communists ( both groups were suspected of pro-German activism, justified by the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact in the case of the latter ).

In the 1940s communists in France during strikes against the Marshall Plan would, ” deliberately provoke the police and gendarmerie into acts of repressive violence in order to exploit the resulting ‘ martyrs to the cause ’ for propaganda purposes .” These martyrs and subsequent propaganda can be useful in turning political and social groups against each other.

Their ranks were filled with foreign communists living in France who were not part of the French Communist Party.

At the same time, he established centers and laboratories within France to provide an institutional context within anthropology, while training influential students such as Maurice Godelier and Françoise Héritier.

Ski resorts such as Les Menuires in France are purpose built for the ski industry and winter tourism.

At present the Alps are one of the more popular tourist destinations in the world with many resorts such Oberstdorf, in Bavaria, Saalbach in Austria, Davos in Switzerland, Chamonix in France, and Cortina d ' Ampezzo in Italy recording more than a million annual visitors.

During the post-World War I period ski-lifts were built in Swiss and Austrian towns to accommodate winter visitors, but summer tourism continued to be important ; by the mid-20th century the popularity of downhill skiing increased greatly as it became more accessible and in the 1970s several new villages were built in France devoted almost exclusively to skiing, such a Les Menuires.

Some high mountain villages, such as Avoriaz ( in France ) Wengen and Zermatt ( in Switzerland ) are accessible only by cable car or cog-rail trains, and are car free.

Countries that officially recognize the Armenian genocide include Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Cyprus, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Lebanon, Lithuania, The Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Uruguay, Vatican City and Venezuela ; additionally, some regional governments of countries recognize the Armenian genocide, such as New South Wales in Australia and Wales in the United Kingdom, also officially recognize the Armenian Genocide.

They met with many difficulties and many adventures, and became involved in political intrigues, Antoine especially exercising such influence as he possessed in favour of France and the Roman Catholic missionaries.

Today, his descendants can be found in many places outside of Afghanistan, such as in America, France, Germany, and even in Scandinavian countries such as Denmark and carry the surname of Ziyaee, which is itself a derivative of the King's title.

Following the 1707 union of England and Scotland, and the 1801 creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, British foreign policy, on the continent, was to contain expansion by its competitor powers such as France and Spain.

Making very powerful enemies such as Austria, United Kingdom, Russia and Prussia, as well as royalist ( particularly Bourbon ) restorational movements in France, Spain, the Two Sicilies and Sardinia, the dynasty eventually collapsed under its own weight.

Essentially, every country that was colonised at some time by England, Great Britain, or the United Kingdom uses common law except those that were formerly colonised by other nations, such as Quebec ( which follows the law of France in part ), South Africa and Sri Lanka ( which follow Roman Dutch law ), where the prior civil law system was retained to respect the civil rights of the local colonists.

Chives have a wide variety of culinary uses, such as in traditional dishes in France and Sweden, among others.

Some mixed economies, such as France under dirigisme, also featured a degree of indirect economic planning over a largely capitalist-based economy.

A movement that began in Britain and France to use the early industrial canals for pleasure boats, such as hotel barges, has spurred rehabilitation of stretches of historic canals.

Lewis followed the legacy of such comedians as Keaton and Harold Lloyd, but his work was not well received by critics in the United States ( in contrast to France where he proved highly popular.

Cumin can be found in some Dutch cheeses, such as Leyden cheese, and in some traditional breads from France.

Because of the popularity of Italian opera throughout 18th-century Europe ( except France ), singers such as Ferri, Farinelli, Senesino and Pacchierotti became the first operatic superstars, earning enormous fees and hysterical public adulation.

For example, the Union Cycliste Internationale, the governing body of international cycle sport ( which sanctions races such as the Tour de France ), decided in the late 1990s to create additional rules which prohibit racing bicycles weighing less than 6. 8 kilograms ( 14. 96 pounds ).

In semi-presidential systems such as France, where the president formally appoints a prime minister but the government itself must still maintain the confidence of parliament, coalition governments occur quite regularly.

In his lectures at the Collège de France, Foucault often defines governmentality as the broad art of " governing ," which goes beyond the traditional conception of governance in terms of state mandates, and into other realms such as governing " a household, souls, children, a province, a convent, a religious order, a family ".

After finishing his studies he went on long educational voyages from 1710 to 1724 through Europe, visiting other German states, England, Holland, Italy, and France, meeting with many famous mathematicians, such as Gottfried Leibniz, Leonhard Euler, and Nicholas I Bernoulli.

There are said to have been sixty-three such apostles ( Stokes, Forests of France, 254 ).

Many Continental or Traditionalist conservatives do not support separation of Church and state, with most supporting state recognition of and cooperation with the Catholic Church, such as had existed in France before the Revolution.

Blood donations in all endemic Latin American countries undergo Chagas screening, and testing is expanding in countries, such as France, Spain and the United States, that have significant or growing populations of immigrants from endemic areas.