The International Bureau of Weights and Measures ( BIPM, France ), combines these measurements to retrospectively calculate the weighted average that forms the most stable time scale possible.

The most important French social theorist since Foucault and Lévi-Strauss is Pierre Bourdieu, who trained formally in philosophy and sociology and eventually held the Chair of Sociology at the Collège de France.

This use of the title is said to have originated in the right conceded to the king of France, by the concordat between Pope Leo X and Francis I ( 1516 ), to appoint abbés commendataires to most of the abbeys in France.

de Pompadour, Louis XV's mistress, who was considered the most powerful woman in France at the time.

* 1802 – Napoleon Bonaparte signs a general amnesty to allow all but about one thousand of the most notorious émigrés of the French Revolution to return to France, as part of a reconciliary gesture with the factions of the Ancien Regime and to eventually consolidate his own rule.

A very small number of his instruments survive, dated between the years of 1560 and 1574 and most bearing the coat of arms of Charles IX of France.

( The Western Schism had begun in 1378 and there were two competing popes at the time, one in Avignon supported by France and Spain, and one in Rome supported by most of Italy, Germany and England.

For example the United States uses NTSC-M, the UK uses PAL-I, France uses SECAM-L, much of Western Europe and Australia uses PAL-B / G, most of Eastern Europe uses PAL-D / K or SECAM-D / K and so on.

According to a 2008 television programme, presented by Griff Rhys Jones, “ the flame has only been extinguished once, by a drunken Mexican football supporter on the night that France beat Brazil here in Paris ,” most likely referring to the 1998 FIFA World Cup Final.

In France, most claims against the national or local governments are handled by administrative courts, which use the Conseil d ' État ( Council of State ) as a court of last resort.

The castle was classified as a protected historical monument by France in 1984 and most of the domain now belongs to the Coastal Protection Agency and is managed by the city of Hendaye.

Celsius traveled frequently in the early 1730s, including to Germany, Italy, and France, when he visited most of the major European observatories.

The Great Powers, most notably France and Austria-Hungary, reacted to this diplomatic sensation by trying to dissuade the League from going to war, but failed.

She was the subject of Simone de Beauvoir's 1959 essay, The Lolita Syndrome, which described Bardot as a " locomotive of women's history " and built upon existentialist themes to declare her the first and most liberated woman of post-war France.

The previous year had been one of success for France and her allies, most particularly on the Danube, where Marshal Villars and the Elector of Bavaria had created a direct threat to Vienna, the Habsburg capital.

Like so many others, Étienne was eventually forced to flee Paris because of his opposition to the fiscal policies of Cardinal Richelieu, leaving his three children in the care of his neighbor Madame Sainctot, a great beauty with an infamous past who kept one of the most glittering and intellectual salons in all France.

Just outside Paris, France, the Fontainebleau area is the biggest and most developed bouldering area in the world.

At the end of 1131, the kingdoms of France, England, Germany, Castile, and Aragon supported Innocent ; however, most of Italy, southern France, and Sicily, with the patriarchs of Constantinople, Antioch, and Jerusalem, supported Anacletus.

Following his conquest of most of Western Europe, the first Napoleon made his elder brother Joseph ( 1768 – 1844 ) king first of Naples ( 1806 – 1808 ) and then of Spain ( 1808 – 1813 ), his third brother Louis ( 1778 – 1846 ) king of Holland ( 1806 – 1810 ) ( subsequently forcing his abdication after his failure to subordinate Dutch interests to those of France ) and his youngest brother Jérôme Bonaparte ( 1784 – 1860 ) king of Westphalia, the short-lived realm created from some of the states of northwestern Germany ( 1807 – 1813 ).

Somewhat surprisingly, contracts throughout the world ( for example, contracts involving parties in Japan, France and Germany, and from most of the other states of the United States ) often choose the law of New York, even where the relationship of the parties and transaction to New York is quite attenuated.

Cambodia's boundaries were for the most part based upon those recognized by France and by neighboring countries during the colonial period.

The Royal Cambodian Government ( RGC ) has established diplomatic relations with most countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, and France, as well as all of its Asian neighbors, to include the People's Republic of China, India, Vietnam, Laos, South Korea, North Korea, and Thailand.

Although drops in its external assistance budget have reduced French military and social development aid to the country, France remains the most important bilateral donor and the country from which C. A. R.

Azincourt is famous as being near the site of the battle fought on 25 October 1415 in which the army led by King Henry V of England defeated the forces led by Charles d ' Albret on behalf of Charles VI of France, which has gone down in English history as the Battle of Agincourt.

During the same period a movement with similar aims had also developed in France under the direction of Eugène Viollet-le-Duc a French architect and theorist, famous for his " restorations " of medieval buildings.

The most famous of all bicycle races is the Tour de France.

After finishing his studies he went on long educational voyages from 1710 to 1724 through Europe, visiting other German states, England, Holland, Italy, and France, meeting with many famous mathematicians, such as Gottfried Leibniz, Leonhard Euler, and Nicholas I Bernoulli.

According to the famous Theses on Feuerbach ( 1845 ), philosophy had to stop " interpreting " the world in endless metaphysical debates, in order to start " changing " the world, as was being done by the rising workers ' movement observed by Engels in England ( Chartist movement ) and by Marx in France and Germany.

The group went on with its now famous experiments, but in 1933 Rasetti left Italy for Canada and the United States, Pontecorvo went to France and Segrè left to teach in Palermo.

Louis Bonaparte was the nephew of the famous Napoleon Bonaparte, who had become dictator and then Emperor of France from 1804 until 1814.

The war now became a stalemate — the famous " Western Front " was fought largely in France and was characterized by very little movement despite extremely large and violent battles, often with new and more destructive military technology.

The most famous figure of the French resistance was Jean Moulin, sent in France by de Gaulle in order to link all resistance movements ; he was captured and tortured by Klaus Barbie ( the " butcher of Lyon ").

In response to the bloody suppression of this rebellion Marx wrote one of his most famous pamphlets, The Civil War in France, a defense of the Commune.

Lascaux is the setting of a complex of caves in southwestern France famous for its Paleolithic cave paintings.

In 1924 he published one of his most famous works Les rois thaumaturges: étude sur le caractère surnaturel attribué à la puissance royale particulièrement en France et en Angleterre ( translated in English as The magic-working kings or The royal touch: sacred monarchy and scrofula in England and France ) in which he collected, described and studied the documents pertaining to the ancient tradition that the kings of the Middle Ages were able to cure the disease of scrofula simply by touching people suffering from it.

For example, Bernard Gui, a famous inquisitor working in the area of Carcassonne ( in modern France ), executed 42 people out of over 900 guilty verdicts in fifteen years of office.

His son Virginio was a famous admiral for the Papal States and France, but in 1539 he had his fiefs confiscated under the charge of treason.

He also sent to France his famous " formulary ", that was to be signed by all the clergy as a means of detecting and extirpating Jansenism and which inflamed public opinion, leading to Blaise Pascal's defense of Jansenism.

Its definitions and decrees were confirmed by a papal bull (" Benedictus Deus ") dated 26 January 1564 ; and, though they were received with certain limitations by France and Spain, the famous Creed of Pius IV, or Tridentine Creed, became an authoritative expression of the Catholic faith.

Only Horst Söhnlein complied with the order ; the rest went underground and made their way to France, where they stayed for a time in a house owned by prominent French journalist and revolutionary, Régis Debray, famous for his friendship with Che Guevara and the focus theory of guerrilla warfare.

Jefferson's tenure in France was uneventful, partly because he found it difficult to fill the shoes of his predecessor Benjamin Franklin, who at the time was one of the most famous people in the world.

* Loire Valley with its famous castles ( France )

Inoculation was adopted both in England and in France nearly half a century before Jenner's famous smallpox vaccine of 1796.

Its farming activity and its location on the road from Paris to Dreux and Normandy brought prosperity to the village, culminating in the end of the 13th century, the so-called " century of Saint Louis ", famous for the prosperity of northern France and the building of Gothic cathedrals.

The museum annex houses an Air France Concorde ; the Enola Gay B-29 ; the Space Shuttle Discovery ; the Boeing 367 – 80, which was the prototype of the Boeing 707 ; the SR-71 ; and other famous aerospace artifacts, particularly those too large for the main building on the National Mall.

He was out of power for most of his career, and became famous for his attacks on the government, such as Walpole's corruption in the 1730s, Hanoverian subsidies in the 1740s, peace with France in the 1760s, and the uncompromising policy toward the American colonies in the 1770s.

* June 7 – King Henry VIII of England and King Francis I of France meet at the famous Field of Cloth of Gold.