The Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox receive several additional books in to their canons based upon their presence in manuscripts of the ancient translation of the Old Testament in to Greek, the Septuagint ( although some of these books, such as Sirach and Tobit, are now known to be extant in Hebrew or Aramaic originals, being found amongst the Dead Sea Scrolls ).

The Hebrew portion is, for all intents and purposes, identical to that found in the Dead Sea Scrolls, meaning chapters 1 and 8-12 were in existence before the late 2nd century BC.

This discovery has shed much light on the differences between the two versions ; while it was previously maintained that the Greek Septuagint ( the version used by the earliest Christians ) was only a poor translation, professor Emanuel Tov, senior editor of the Dead Sea Scrolls ' publication, wrote that the Masoretic edition either represents a substantial rewriting of the original Hebrew, or there had previously been two different versions of the text.

The Pharisees, who not only accepted the Torah, but the rest of the Hebrew scriptures also, believed in the Resurrection of the Dead, and it is known to have been a major point of contention between the two groups ( see ).

Researchers from Hebrew University of Jerusalem found the Dead Sea to be teeming with a type of algae called Dunaliella.

Dwelling in caves near the Dead Sea is recorded in the Hebrew Bible as having taken place before the Israelites came to Canaan, and extensively at the time of King David.

It was proposed before the Dead Sea Scrolls were discovered that the name came into several Greek spellings from a Hebrew self-designation later found in some Dead Sea Scrolls, ' osey hatorah, " observers of torah.

Hebrew manuscripts, such as the Dead Sea scrolls make no such differentiation.

Masada ( Hebrew מצדה, pronounced, from מצודה, metzuda, " fortress ") is the name for a site of ancient palaces and fortifications in the Southern District of Israel, on top of an isolated rock plateau, or horst, on the eastern edge of the Judaean Desert, overlooking the Dead Sea.

), astrological philosophy from Hellenistic Alexandria, early Christian mysticism, early Gnostics, the Hebrew system of the Kabbalah, The Hindu Vedas, the Chinese " Circle of the Dead ", Egyptian " Book of the Masters of the Secret House " ( Ritual of the Dead ).

The Jordan River ( American English ) or River Jordan ( British English ) ( Hebrew: נהר הירדן Nehar haYarden, Nahr al-Urdun ) is a long river in West Asia flowing to the Dead Sea.

During the 2nd millennium BC, Ancient Egyptian texts use the term Canaan to refer to an Egyptian-ruled colony, whose boundaries generally corroborate the definition of Canaan found in the Hebrew Bible, bounded to the west by the Mediterranean Sea, to the north in the vicinity of Hamath in Syria, to the east by the Jordan Valley, and to the south by a line extended from the Dead Sea to around Gaza.

Abarim ( Hebrew: ה ָ ר ֵ י ה ָ ע ֲ ב ָ ר ִ ים, Har Ha -' Avarim, Harei Ha -' Avarim ; Septuagint to oros to Abarim, en to peran tou Iordanou, mountain Abarim, mountains of Abarim ) is a mountain range across Jordan, to the east and south-east of the Dead Sea, extending from Mount Nebo — its highest point — in the north, perhaps to the Arabian desert in the south.

Vale of Siddim or Valley of Siddim (" Salt Sea ", " sea of the Arabah ", " east sea ", Arabic: Bahr Lut ( the Sea of Lut ), " Lake Asphaltitus ", " Dead Sea ") is a Hebrew Bible place name mentioned in the Book of Genesis Chapter 14.

While there are other items found among the Dead Sea Scrolls not currently in the Hebrew Bible, the texts on the whole testify to the accuracy of the scribes copying down through the ages, though many variations and errors occurred.

The Dead Sea Scrolls are currently the best route of comparison to the accuracy and consistency of translation for the Hebrew Bible, due to their date of origin being the oldest out of any Biblical text currently known.

Emanuel: Studies in Hebrew Bible, Septuagint, and Dead Sea Scrolls in Honor of Emanuel Tov.

The Dead Sea Scrolls are a collection of 972 texts consisting of biblical manuscripts from what is now known as the Hebrew Bible and extra-biblical documents found on the northwest shore of the Dead Sea, from which they derive their name.

The Dead Sea Scrolls are traditionally divided into three groups: " Biblical " manuscripts ( copies of texts from the Hebrew Bible ), which comprise roughly 40 % of the identified scrolls ; Other manuscripts ( known documents from the Second Temple Period like Enoch, Jubilees, Tobit, Sirach, additional psalms, etc., that were not ultimately canonized in the Hebrew Bible ), which comprise roughly 30 % of the identified scrolls ; and " Sectarian " manuscripts ( previously unknown documents that shed light on the rules and beliefs of a particular group or groups within greater Judaism ) like the Community Rule, War Scroll, Pesher on Habakkuk ( Hebrew: פשר pesher = " Commentary "), and the Rule of the Blessing, which comprise roughly 30 % of the identified scrolls.

All around the Mediterranean Sea, Asia Minor, northern India, and Tibet, Hebrew was the native tongue.

Its section north of the Sea of Galilee ( Hebrew: כינרת kinneret, Arabic: Bohayrat Tabaraya, meaning Lake of Tiberias ) is within the boundaries of Israel, and forms the western boundary of the Golan Heights.

Nevertheless, the Egyptian and Hebrew uses of the term are not identical: the Egyptian texts also identify the coastal city of Qadesh in north west Syria near Turkey as part of the " Land of Canaan ", so that the Egyptian usage seems to refer to the entire levantine coast of the Mediterranean Sea, making it a synonym of another Egyptian term for this coastland, Retenu.

Eilat ( Hebrew: ; ) is Israel's southernmost city, a busy port as well as a popular resort, located at the northern tip of the Red Sea, on the Gulf of Aqaba.

The Crossing of the Red Sea ( Hebrew: קריעת ים סוף Kriat Yam Suph ) is a passage in the Biblical narrative of the escape of the Israelites, led by Moses, from the pursuing Egyptians in the Book of Exodus.

Greek ἄβαξ itself is probably a borrowing of a Northwest Semitic, perhaps Phoenician, word akin to Hebrew ʾābāq ( אבק ), " dust " ( since dust strewn on wooden boards to draw figures in ).

The earliest known alphabet in the wider sense is the Wadi el-Hol script, believed to be an abjad, which through its successor Phoenician is the ancestor of modern alphabets, including Arabic, Greek, Latin ( via the Old Italic alphabet ), Cyrillic ( via the Greek alphabet ) and Hebrew ( via Aramaic ).

One, the ABCDE order later used in Phoenician, has continued with minor changes in Hebrew, Greek, Armenian, Gothic, Cyrillic, and Latin ; the other, HMĦLQ, was used in southern Arabia and is preserved today in Ethiopic.

Abjads differ from abugidas, another category invented by Daniels, in that in abjads, the vowel sound is implied by phonology, and where vowel marks exist for the system, such as nikkud for Hebrew and harakāt for Arabic, their use is optional and not the dominant ( or literate ) form.

However, most modern abjads, such as Arabic, Hebrew, Aramaic and Avestan, are " impure " abjads, that is, they also contain symbols for some of the vowel phonemes.

Due to the near-identity of the Aramaic and the classical Hebrew alphabets, Aramaic text is mostly typeset in standard Hebrew script in scholarly literature.

In the Hebrew Bible and the Qur ' an, Aaron ( or ; Ahărōn, Hārūn, Greek ( Septuagint ): Ααρών ), who is often called "' Aaron the Priest "' () and once Aaron the Levite () ( Exodus 4: 14 ), was the older brother of Moses, ( Exodus 6: 16-20, 7: 7 ; Qur ' an 28: 34 ) and a prophet of God.

The Christian writer's traditional re-interpretation is that the Hebrew word Sheol can mean many things, including " grave ", " resort ", " place of waiting " and " place of healing ".

Puttenham, in the time of Elizabeth I of England, wished to start from Elissabet Anglorum Regina ( Elizabeth Queen of the English ), to obtain Multa regnabis ense gloria ( By thy sword shalt thou reign in great renown ); he explains carefully that H is " a note of aspiration only and no letter ", and that Z in Greek or Hebrew is a mere SS.

This word is usually conceded to be derived from the Hebrew ( Aramaic ), meaning " Thou art our father " ( אב לן את ), and also occurs in connection with Abrasax ; the following inscription is found upon a metal plate in the Carlsruhe Museum:

In the Book of Samuel, Abner ( Hebrew אבנר " Avner " meaning " father of is a light "), is first cousin to Saul and commander-in-chief of his army ( 1 Samuel 14: 50, 20: 25 ).

The Book of Amos is a prophetic book of the Hebrew Bible, one of the Twelve Minor Prophets.

Its latest meaning is more or less similar to the Sanskrit word kalpa and Hebrew word olam.

The Bible translation is a treatment of the Hebrew word olam and the Greek word aion.

Abijah ( אביה ' aḆiYaH ) or Abiah or Abia, modern Hebrew Aviya, is a Biblical unisex name that means " my Father is Yahweh ".

* The original order (), used for lettering, derives from the order of the Phoenician alphabet, and is therefore similar to the order of other Phoenician-derived alphabets, such as the Hebrew alphabet.

* Birkat Hachama, observed once every 28 years, the next one is in 2037 ( Hebrew )

Dante concludes ( Paradiso XXVI ) that Hebrew is a derivative of the language of Adam.