Traditionally, a man obtains one of three levels of Semicha ( rabbinic ordination ) after the completion of an arduous learning program in Torah, Tanakh ( Hebrew Bible ), Mishnah and Talmud, Midrash, Jewish ethics and lore, the codes of Jewish law and responsa, theology and philosophy.

Additional requirements include the study of: the Hebrew Bible, Mishna and Talmud, the Midrash literature, Jewish ethics and lore, the codes of Jewish law, the Conservative responsa literature, both traditional and modern Jewish works on theology and philosophy.

Academics have interpreted Samson as a demi-god ( such as Hercules or Enkidu ) enfolded into Jewish religious lore, or as an archetypical folklore hero, among others.

While in the beginning of their conceptual journeys Azazel and Satan are posited as representatives of two distinctive and often rival trends tied to the distinctive etiologies of corruption, in later Jewish and Christian demonological lore both antagonists are able to enter each other ’ s respective stories in new conceptual capacities.

One of Samael's greatest roles in Jewish lore is that of the angel of death.

In Jewish lore, Samael is said to be the angel of death, the chief ruler of the Fifth Heaven and one of the seven regents of the world served by two million angels ; he resides in the Heaven.

Jewish traditions in the Targums preserve other half-legendary lore about the pair.

Jewish lore links the symbol to the " Seal of Solomon ", the magical signet ring used by King Solomon to control demons and spirits.

Jewish lore also links the symbol to a magic shield owned by King David that protected him from enemies.

‘ Uzzā is also identified with Abezi Thibod (" father devoid of counsel ") who in early Jewish lore is also used as another name for Samael and Mastema referring to a powerful spirit who shared princedom of Egypt with Rahab and opposed Moses to eventually drown in the Red sea.

33. 7 and in Jewish folklore is not consonant with the lore surrounding the Thrones.

In Jewish lore, Rachel was born on 11 Cheshvan 1553 BC.

In ancient Jewish lore, pagan gods of neighbouring cultures were classed as extremely pernicious in order to protect Jews from worshiping them ; therefore, Ba ' al and Astarte were among the worst enemies of God.

Jophiel is said in Jewish lore to be a companion to the Angel Metatron ( a Prince of Divine Presence ), and is one of the chiefs of the choir of Cherubim.

Christians explain that such selectivity is based on rulings made by early Jewish Christians in the Book of Acts, at the Council of Jerusalem, that, while believing gentiles did not need to fully convert to Judaism, they should follow some aspects of Torah like avoiding idolatry and fornication and blood, including, according to some interpretations, homosexuality.

American theologian Edgar Goodspeed notes, " But the writer's Judaism is not actual and objective, but literary and academic, manifestly gained from the reading of the Septuagint Greek version of the Jewish scriptures, and his polished Greek style would be a strange vehicle for a message to Aramaic-speaking Jews or Christians of Jewish blood.

He is tried by the Jewish leaders ( the Sanhedrin ) and before Pontius Pilate, and Pilate washes his hands of his blood.

In 1913, Louis Marshall requested that Ginzberg refute a blood libel charge in Kiev based on Jewish sources.

In Jewish tradition, Rabbis blame Satan for saturating the vine with intoxicating properties from the blood of certain animals, thus Noah behaved not knowing what he was doing.

A male convert needs to undergo a ritual circumcision conducted according to Jewish law ( if already circumcised, a needle is used to draw a symbolic drop of blood while the appropriate blessings are said ), and there has to be a commitment to observe Jewish law.

Gercke reported that Heydrich was "... of German origin and free from any coloured and Jewish blood ".

The culmination of this rhetoric, and arguably the one verse that has caused more Jewish suffering than any other second Testament passage, is the uniquely Matthean attribution to the Jewish people: " His blood be on us and on our children!

Many of his most prominent collaborators and students were Jewish, and some were blood relations.

When a three year old Christian boy, Simonino, later known as Simon of Trent, disappeared in 1475 on the eve of Good Friday, the city's small Jewish community was accused of killing him and draining his blood for Jewish ritual purposes.

However, he and Goebbels agreed that after the Endsieg ( Final Victory ) the Reich Church should be pressed into evolving into a German social evolutionist organisation proclaiming the cult of race, blood and battle, instead of Redemption and the Ten Commandments of Moses, which they deemed outdated and Jewish.

This can also be seen in the Jewish case: as they accused others in the Near East of child sacrifice, they themselves would come to be accused of it in blood libel cases.

A strong Romaniote community was present in Corfu until the late 19th century, when a pogrom instigated by blood libel forced most of the Jewish community to leave the island.

On 17 September 1948, UN Mediator Count Folke Bernadotte, and Colonel André Serot while on an official tour of duty to Jerusalem were murdered " in cold blood ... in the Katamon quarter of Jerusalem by Jewish assailants.

The aim of these inquiries would be to prevent the appointment to positions of anyone found to have even a taint of heresy in their lineage — that is, a trace of Jewish or Moorish blood or contamination by trade or commerce in either side of the family for many generations.

Groups that have had such accusations leveled against them include blood libel against the Jews by Apion in the 30s CE, Christians in the Roman empire later allegations of a Jewish conspiracy and the witch hunts of the 16th and 17th centuries.

The SRA panic repeated many of the features of historical moral panics and conspiracy theories such as the blood libel against Jews by Apion in the 30s AD, Christians in the Roman empire, later allegations of a Jewish conspiracy alleging the killing of Christian babies and desecration of the Eucharist, the witch hunts of the 16th and 17th centuries.

:" The signer hereby swears to the best of his knowledge and belief that no Jewish or coloured blood flows in either his or in his wife's veins, and that among their ancestors are no members of the coloured races.

In 1171, Blois was the site of a blood libel accusation against its Jewish community that led to 31 Jews ( by some accounts 40 ) being burned to death.

But he thought it unlikely because, "... from his entire demeanor, the fact that Adolf Hitler had no Jewish blood coursing through his veins seems so clearly evident that nothing more need be said on this.

Although, the Jews received little praise or even respect, and were sometimes blamed for various misdeed but there were no fears of Jewish conspiracy and domination, nor any charges of diabolic evil nor accusations of poisoning the wells nor spreading the plague nor were even accused of engaging in blood libels until Ottomans learned the concept from their Greek subjects in 15th century.

but both groups were so closely knit that despite individual differences the family life in both cases was remarkably similar in atmosphere if not entirely in content -- the one being definitely Jewish and the other vaguely Christian.

The wholesome activities were to be provided by many organizations including the YMCA, the Knights of Columbus, the Jewish Welfare Board, the American Library Association, and the Playground and Recreation Association -- private societies which voluntarily performed the job that was taken over almost entirely by the Special Services Division of the Army itself in World War 2.

He writes, `` Most of my friends and I were Jewish ; ;

They were disturbed by his idiotic bravado -- as, when his bodyguard, Yankee Schwartz, complained that he had been snubbed by Dave Miller, a prize-fight referee, chieftain of a Jewish gang and one of four brothers of tough reputation, who were Hirschey, a gambler-politician in loose beer-running league with Torrio and O'Banion, Frank, a policeman, and Max, the youngest.

The most important aims of the Jewish students were as follows: to make the world a better place to live in -- 30 per cent ; ;

However, they were hostile to Jewish Orthodoxy, professing to believe in Judaism `` but in a moderate way ''.

The Sadducees were an ancient Jewish sect that generally believed that there was a God but no afterlife.

Whereas the members of Jewish Christianity were circumcised and adhered to dietary laws, the Pauline Christianity featured in Acts did not require Gentiles to be circumcised or to obey all of the Mosaic laws, which is consistent with Noahide Law.

In the Jewish Deuterocanonical book Second Maccabees, Chapter 2, " one finds in the records " that Jeremiah, having received an oracle of the Lord, ordered that the tent and the ark and the altar of incense should follow him to the mountain of God where he sealed them up in a cave, and he told those who followed him in order to mark the way ( but they could not find it ) " The place shall remain unknown until God gathers his people together again and shows his mercy, and then the Lord will disclose these things, and the glory of the Lord and the cloud shall appear, as they were shown in the case of Moses, and as Solomon asked that the place be specially consecrated.

Also, prior to the massive Sephardic emigrations to the Middle East in the 16th and 17th centuries, the Jewish communities of what are today Syria, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Egypt and Yemen were known by other Jewish communities as Musta ' arabi Jews or " like Arabs ".

Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella, and this tradition has existed continuously in both of these religions as well as in Islam.

However, a few families were permitted to live in two villages, Endingen and Lengnau, in Aargau which became the Jewish ghetto in Switzerland.

Important early anthroposophists who were Jewish included Karl König, the founder of the Camphill movement, and a majority of the executive board of the original Anthroposophical Society.

Martin Buber and Hugo Bergmann, who viewed Steiner's social ideas as a solution to the Arab – Jewish conflict, were also influenced by Anthroposophy.

His paternal grandparents were Danish immigrants and his mother was of half Polish Jewish and half German descent.

Jewish families were resident in Ansbach from at least the end of the 18th century.

A plaque in the entrance serves as a memorial to the synagogue and to Jewish residents who were murdered during the Holocaust.

The Therapeutae, pagan ascetic hermits and loosely organized cenobitic communities described by the Hellenized Jewish philosopher Philo of Alexandria in the first century, were long established in the harsh environments by Lake Mareotis close to Alexandria, and in other less-accessible regions.

Oranienburger Straße and the nearby New Synagogue were the center of Jewish culture before 1933.

Its Jewish residents were expelled by the military order of Hadrian.

The Chronicles, on the other hand, were written much later, after the restoration of the Jewish community in Palestine, at a time when the kingdoms were beginning to be regarded as the nostalgic past, something to be at least partially imitated, not something to be avoided.

Porteous and Roche agree that the Book of Daniel is composed of folktales that were used to fortify the Jewish faith during a time of great persecution and oppression by the Hellenized Seleucids some four centuries after Babylonian captivity.