In several Scots and in Northern Middle English folkoric ballads, Álfheim was known in as Elphame or Elfhame.

For example ; burgh in Scots and Middle English ; burg in German and Old English, borg in Scandinavian languages ; parcus in Latin and pyrgos in Greek.

It may have been introduced to Middle Scots through the Auld Alliance.

Shetland () ( from Middle Scots ) is a subarctic archipelago of Scotland that lies north and east of mainland Great Britain.

The initial letter is the Middle Scots letter, " yogh ", the pronunciation of which is almost identical to the original Norn sound, "".

The letter yogh ( ; Middle English: ), was used in Middle English and Older Scots, representing y () and various velar phonemes.

In Middle Scots the character yogh became confused with a cursive z and the early Scots printers often used z, when yogh was not available in their fonts.

The Scots language began to diverge from early Northumbrian Middle English, which was called Ynglis as late as the early 16th century ( until the end of the 15th century the name Scottis ( modern form: Scots ) referred to Scottish Gaelic ).

In Old English and Early and Middle Scots, the word ton, toun, etc.

During the Middle Ages, because of its proximity to the Kingdom of Scotland, Carlisle became an important military stronghold ; Carlisle Castle, still relatively intact, was built in 1092 by William Rufus, and having once served as a prison for Mary, Queen of Scots.

The succeeding variety of Early northern Middle English spoken in southeastern Scotland, also known as Early Scots, began to diverge from that of Northumbria due to twelfth and thirteenth century immigration of Scandinavian-influenced Middle English-speakers from the North and Midlands of England.

Later influences on the development of Scots were from Romance languages via ecclesiastical and legal Latin, Norman and later Parisian French due to the Auld Alliance as well as Dutch and Middle Low German influences due to trade and immigration from the Low Countries.

Scots law, which applies in Scotland, is a pluralistic system based on civil-law principles, with common law elements dating back to the High Middle Ages.

In the Middle Ages, the principal users of the pike were urban militia troops such as the Flemings or the peasant array of the lowland Scots.

Good Neighbours ( Guid Nychburris in Middle Scots ) is the main festival of the year, a ceremony which is largely based on the theme of a positive community spirit.

Over time and due to various factors the language of the Lothians and the former Kingdom of Northumbria, a northern variety of Middle English, also known as Early Scots or Inglis, came to displace Gaelic as the language of all of lowland Scotland and over time adopted for itself the name " Scottis " (" Scots ") which had previously been used to refer to Gaelic, which later became known as " Erse " (" Irish ") — now considered derogatory.

The Bannatyne Manuscript is, with the Asloan and Maitland manuscripts, one of the great sources of Middle Scots literature.

The genealogies produced for Kings of Scots in the High Middle Ages traced their ancestry through Kenneth MacAlpin, through the Cenél nGabráin of Dál Riata to Fergus Mór, and then to legendary Irish kings such as Conaire Mór and the shadowy Deda mac Sin.

Middle Scots inscription " Godis Providens Is My Inheritans " over the main entrance door leading to the tower in Ballygally Castle. Scots, mainly Gaelic-speaking, had been settling in Ulster since the 15th century, but large numbers of Scots-speaking Lowlanders, some 200, 000, arrived during the 17th century following the 1610 Plantation, with the peak reached during the 1690s.

Despite its faintness, Capricornus has one of the oldest mythological associations, having been consistently represented as a hybrid of a goat and a fish since the Middle Bronze Age.

Being a pioneer of peace making in the region and driven from its belief that a peaceful Middle East is the best solution for the development of Egypt, the third Egyptian President Anwar Sadat's groundbreaking trip to Israel in 1977, the 1978 Camp David Accords, and the 1979 Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty represented a fundamental shift in the politics of the region ; from a strategy of confrontation to one of peace as a strategic choice.

The region is nowadays mainly represented by the administrative districts of Lower Franconia ( Unterfranken, capital city Würzburg ), Middle Franconia ( Mittelfranken, capital city Ansbach ), and Upper Franconia ( Oberfranken, capital city Bayreuth ) in Bavaria.

The Middle Age represented a period of decline in what concerns gardening.

The Late Middle Ages represented a period of upheaval in Europe.

The outgoing Board designates the ten members who are the most advanced in atomic energy technology and the remaining three most advanced members from any of the following areas that are not represented by the first ten: North America, Latin America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Africa, Middle East and South Asia, South East Asia, the Pacific, and the Far East.

During the Middle Ages, Gothic sculpture represented the agonies and passions of the Christian faith.

His education began in the school of Bishop Fulbert of Chartres, who represented the traditional theology of the early Middle Ages, but did not succeed in imposing it on his pupil.

During the Middle Ages, Gallura represented one of the four Giudicati of Sardinia.

Having grown out of the religiously based mystery plays of the Middle Ages, they represented a shift towards a more secular base for European theatre.

In the west, the Greek philosophical tradition, represented by the works of Plato and Aristotle, was diffused throughout Europe and the Middle East by the conquests of Alexander of Macedon in the 4th century BC.

In the Middle Ages, opal was considered a stone that could provide great luck because it was believed to possess all the virtues of each gemstone whose color was represented in the color spectrum of the opal.

The poem retained its popularity throughout Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, and is represented by an extremely high number of surviving manuscripts ( more than 400 ); the earliest of these are three fragmentary copies containing portions of Books 1-3, dating to the ninth century.

Different pundits would attribute different meanings to " the Bush Doctrine ", as it came to describe other elements, including the controversial policy of preventive war, which held that the United States should depose foreign regimes that represented a potential or perceived threat to the security of the United States, even if that threat was not immediate ; a policy of spreading democracy around the world, especially in the Middle East, as a strategy for combating terrorism ; and a willingness to unilaterally pursue U. S. military interests.

Johns and Heritage also argued that Mengistu's decision to permit a Soviet naval and air presence on the Red Sea ports of Eritrea represented a strategic challenge to U. S. security interests in the Middle East and North Africa.

He is commonly represented on ceramics from the Zapotec area, from the Middle Preclassic right through to the Terminal Classic.

Bernotas Middle School's mascot is Thor, represented by a Viking, which is also RFB's name for its sports team.

As a teacher of undergraduates, he was well known, and rejected the conventional wisdom that the Renaissance represented an abrupt cultural change, stressing the continuities between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.

The Middle Combination Room ( MCR ) comprises the graduate students of Selwyn College, and is similarly represented by the MCR Committee ( MCRc ).

* Pepin the Middle ( 688 – 695 ), represented in court by his follower Nordebert

Many villages in Europe have churches that date back to the Middle Ages, but all periods of architecture are represented.

In the Middle Ages this area had dense forests, so it represented a major obstacle to civilian and military traffic.

The king and members of the royal family have represented Spain in Europe, Latin America, in the United States and in Canada, nations in the Middle East and North Africa, in China, Japan, the Philippines, Australia, New Zealand and many countries in sub-Sahara Africa.

Several classes of people comprise both men and women or women only, namely Hungarian Freedom Fighter in 1956, " U. S. Scientists " in 1960, Twenty-Five and Under in 1966, The Middle Americans in 1969, " American Women " in 1975, " The American Soldier " in 2003, You in 2006, and " The Protester " in 2011 ( represented on the cover by a woman ).