In Scottish heraldry where the motto is granted as part of the blazon, it is usually shown on a scroll above the crest, and may not be changed at will.

In Scottish heraldry mottoes can only be changed by re-matriculation, with the Lord Lyon King of Arms.

Scottish clans ( from Gaelic, " progeny "), give a sense of identity and shared descent to people in Scotland and to their relations throughout the world, with a formal structure of Clan Chiefs recognised by the court of the Lord Lyon, King of Arms which acts as an authority concerning matters of heraldry and Coat of Arms.

It remains the most authoritative document on Scottish heraldry.

The lower two-thirds of the flag depicts a Scottish Lymphad, the traditional representation of a ship in heraldry.

The motto of the Order of the Thistle ( Nemo me impune lacessit ) should not be confused with the motto of the Royal arms ( In Defens ), which appears on an escroll above the crest in the tradition of Scottish heraldry.

In Scottish heraldry, for instance, a matriculation is a registration of armorial bearings.

but Scottish heraldry does use ' tierced in pale ' ( e. g. Clackmannan county ( now Clackmannanshire ) has Or ; a saltire gules ; a chief tierced in pale vert, argent, vert ...) A particular type of tiercing, resembling a Y in shape ( division lines per bend and bend sinister coming down from the chief, meeting at the fess point, and continuing down per pale ), is called per pall ( also per pairle ).

The Lord Lyon King of Arms, the head of Lyon Court, is the most junior of the Great Officers of State in Scotland and is the Scottish official with responsibility for regulating heraldry in that country, issuing new grants of arms, and serving as the judge of the Court of the Lord Lyon, the oldest heraldic court in the world that is still in daily operation.

Category: Scottish heraldry

In Scottish heraldry, an estoile is the same as in English heraldry, but it has been said that mullet refers only to a mullet pierced ( also called a spur revel ), while one that is not pierced is called a star.

Differencing system in Scottish heraldry

Burke's Peerage Partnership offered services including genealogical research, custom designed heraldry, and assisting clients to acquire Scottish and French noble titles.

Both the terms ' vol ' and ' demi vol ' ( half a vol, i. e. a single wing ) have been turning up every so often in Scots heraldry since the late 17th century-Sir Thomas Brand's crest, ' a volle with the baton of his office Usher of the Green Rod in pale ', in the Scottish Public Register volume 1, page 123, and the crest of Richard Graham, Viscount of Prestoun, volume 1, page 84

The origins of the Hays of Erroll were investigated around 1954 by Wagner who presented evidence, based largely on heraldry, that the Scottish Hays were descended from de La Haye of La Haye-Hue in the Cotentin Peninsula of Normandy.

In modern English and Scottish, but not Canadian, heraldry, the arms of an unmarried woman and of widows are usually shown on a lozenge rather than an escutcheon, without crest or helm.

The shield of a married woman ( and the lozenge of a widow ) may combine her own arms with the arms of her husband, either by impalement side by side or ( in the case of an heraldic heiress in English heraldry, but not Scottish ) in the form of a small " escutcheon of pretence " displaying the wife's arms over a larger shield ( or, in the case of a widow, lozenge ) of her husband's arms.

A procurator fiscal is appointed to the Court of the Lord Lyon, which is a civil and criminal court dealing with Scottish heraldry and genealogy in Scotland.

The birlinn appears in Scottish heraldry as the " lymphad " ( a corruption of long-fhada ).

The motto of the arms appears above the crest in the convention of Scottish heraldry.

In 1284, Alexander invested the title of Lord of the Isles in the head of the Macdonald family, Angus Macdonald, and over the next two centuries the Macdonald lords operated as if they were kings in their own right, frequently opposing the Scottish monarch.

In this context, he associated with Lord Monboddo and other Scottish Enlightenment luminaries in Edinburgh.

The dukedom was created in 1702 by Queen Anne ; John Churchill, whose wife was a favourite of the queen, had earlier been made Lord Churchill of Eyemouth in the Scottish peerage ( 1682 ), which became extinct with his death, and Earl of Marlborough ( 1689 ) by King William III.

There were exceptions to this rule however, such as the full-sized elves who appear in Lord Dunsany's The King of Elfland's Daughter as well as Northern English and Scottish Lowlands folklore ( as seen in such tales as The Queen of Elfan's Nourice and other local variants ).

* 1462 – Treaty of Westminster is finalised between Edward IV of England and the Scottish Lord of the Isles.

In 1682 he was made Lord Chancellor of Scotland, and was created, on 13 November, Earl of Aberdeen, Viscount Formartine, and Lord Haddo, Methlick, Tarves and Kellie, in the Scottish peerage, being appointed also Sheriff Principal of Aberdeenshire and Midlothian.

In December 1805 Lord Aberdeen took his seat as a Tory Scottish representative peer in the House of Lords.

There are seats for each of the 79 councillors, situated in a Hemicycle, all facing the Lord Provost ( the Scottish equivalent of the lord mayor found in London and other cities ), his Depute, and the Chief Executive, who are seated behind the mace.

The English-educated Scottish peer Lord Aberdeen ( 1784 – 1860 ) led a coalition government from 1852-5, but in general very few Scots held office in the government.

While the Scottish Enlightenment is traditionally considered to have concluded toward the end of the 18th century, disproportionately large Scottish contributions to British science and letters continued for another 50 years or more, thanks to such figures as the mathematicians and physicists James Clerk Maxwell, Lord Kelvin, and the engineers and inventors James Watt and William Murdoch, whose work was critical to the technological developments of the Industrial Revolution throughout Britain.

Henry Home, Lord Kames ( 169627 December 1782 ) was a Scottish advocate, judge, philosopher, writer and agricultural improver.

Lord Cairns, Disraeli's Lord Chancellor, sought to remove the House of Lords jurisdiction for Scottish and Irish appeals as well, which would have completely removed its judicial jurisdiction.

* 1799 – James Burnett, Lord Monboddo, Scottish judge ( b. 1714 )

The Militia Act of 1797 empowered Scottish Lord Lieutenants to raise and command militia regiments in each of the " Counties, Stewartries, Cities, and Places " under their jurisdiction.

In 1400, Lord Grey informed Glyndŵr too late of a royal command to levy feudal troops for Scottish border service, thus being able to call the Welshman a traitor in London court circles.

In the Balkans, Romantic views of a connection with classical Greece, which inspired Philhellenism infused the Greek War of Independence ( 1821-1832 ), in which the Scottish Romantic poet Lord Byron was mortally wounded.

Robert Bruce as Earl of Carrick and now 7th Lord of Annandale, held huge estates and property in Scotland and a barony and some minor properties in England and had a strong claim to the Scottish throne.

Isabella MacDuff, Countess of Buchan and wife of John Comyn, 3rd Earl of Buchan ( a cousin of the murdered John Comyn ), who claimed the right of her family, the MacDuff Earl of Fife, to crown the Scottish king for her brother, Donnchadh IV, Earl of Fife – who was not yet of age, and in English hands – arrived the next day, too late for the coronation, so a second coronation was held and once more the crown was placed on the brow of Robert Bruce, Earl of Carrick, Lord of Annandale, King of the Scots.

Scottish historian Lord Kinross, in his The Seeds of Decline, sees the massive outlay for the fleet-rebuilding following the Battle of Lepanto as the start of the Empire's slow decay.

Scottish physicist Lord Kelvin was the first to formulate a concise definition of thermodynamics in 1854:

* Henry Home, Lord Kames ( 1696 – 1782 ) Scottish.