With his marriage to Urraca, queen regnant of Castile and León, in 1109, he began to use, with some justification, the grandiose title Emperor of Spain, formerly employed by his father-in-law, Alfonso VI.

" The result of the crisis produced by the result of Alfonso I's will was a major reorientation of the peninsula's kingdoms: the separation of Aragon and Navarre, the union of Aragon and Catalonia and — a moot point but stressed particularly by some Castilian historians — the affirmation of ' Castilian hegemony ' in Spain " by the rendering of homage for Zaragoza by Alfonso's eventual heir, Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona.

Surprisingly, Acts does not record the outcome of Paul's legal troubles — some traditions hold that Paul was ultimately executed in Rome, while other traditions have him surviving the encounter and later traveling to Spain — see Paul-Imprisonment & Death.

In recent years, the Port Authority has established it as one of the most important ports in Spain for cruises, with 72 calls to port made by cruise ships in 2007 bringing some 80, 000 passengers and 30, 000 crew to the city each year.

He was a direct descendant of the last of the Umayyad caliphs, Marwan II, and was thus connected with the Umayyad rulers in Spain, and seems to have kept up a correspondence with them and to have sent them some of his works.

The Ministries of Defense of Germany, Argentina, Chile, Spain, USA, France, the United Kingdom, Italy and Portugal had been chosen for deepened analysis because they had some type of identification with Brazil, as territorial extension, population, cash of the Armed Forces, amongst others.

Today Basque holds co-official language status in the Basque regions of Spain: the full autonomous community of the Basque Country and some parts of Navarre.

Following his conquest of most of Western Europe, the first Napoleon made his elder brother Joseph ( 1768 – 1844 ) king first of Naples ( 1806 – 1808 ) and then of Spain ( 1808 – 1813 ), his third brother Louis ( 1778 – 1846 ) king of Holland ( 1806 – 1810 ) ( subsequently forcing his abdication after his failure to subordinate Dutch interests to those of France ) and his youngest brother Jérôme Bonaparte ( 1784 – 1860 ) king of Westphalia, the short-lived realm created from some of the states of northwestern Germany ( 1807 – 1813 ).

In Spain, Antonio Soler also produced valuable keyboard sonatas, more varied in form than those of Scarlatti, with some pieces in three or four movements.

Such free travel was unheard of at the time in the Eastern Bloc countries, and in some western countries as well ( e. g. Spain or Portugal, both dictatorships at the time ).

This Viceroyalty included some other provinces of northwestern South America which had previously been under the jurisdiction of the Viceroyalties of New Spain or Peru and correspond mainly to today's Venezuela, Ecuador and Panama.

In some cases, this is perfectly legitimate ; Francisco Franco was a lieutenant general in the Spanish Army before he became Chief of State of Spain ; Manuel Noriega was officially commander of the Panamanian Defense Forces.

Although his work has been criticized for the lack of candor in checking the " facts ", some of his text has been confirmed by recent research, like the spectacular remains of Roman gold mines in Spain, especially at Las Medulas, which Pliny probably saw in operation while a Procurator there a few years before he compiled the encyclopedia.

Opposition figures who lived among the exile communities in Spain and elsewhere agitated for reforms ; some of them had been employed in the Macías and Obiang governments.

# Paul is planning to travel to Rome from Jerusalem and to spend some time there before moving on to Spain ; he hopes the Roman church will support his mission to Spain.

The Armada straggled home to Spain in shattered remnants, after disastrous losses on the coast of Ireland ( after some ships had tried to struggle back to Spain via the North Sea, and then back south past the west coast of Ireland ).

For the following years with his family, till he left for studies in Paris in 1525, Francis ' life in the Kingdom of Navarre, then partially occupied by Spain, was surrounded by a war that lasted over 18 years, ending with the Kingdom of Navarre being partitioned into two territories, and the King of Navarre and some loyalists abandoning the south and moving to the northern part of the Kingdom of Navarre ( currently France ).

In some countries the civil flag is the same as the war flag or state flag, but without the coat of arms, such as in the case of Spain, and in others it's an alteration of the war flag.

The fan was extensively used as a means of communication and therefore a way of flirting from the 16th century onwards in some European societies, especially England and Spain.

In some parts of the world ( e. g., German-language areas, France, Korea, Italy, Spain, Turkey ), it is called " Gin Tonic ".

Under Franco, Spain actively sought the return of Gibraltar by the UK, and gained some support for its cause at the United Nations.

For a time, Leclerc met with some success ; he also brought the eastern part of the island of Hispaniola under the direct control of France in accordance with the terms of the 1795 Treaties of Bâle with Spain.

Imports to Britain included: coin ; pottery, particularly red-gloss terra sigillata ( samian ware ) from southern, central and eastern Gaul, as well as various other wares from Gaul and the Rhine provinces ; olive oil from southern Spain in amphorae ; wine from Gaul in amphorae and barrels ; salted fish products from the western Mediterranean and Brittany in barrels and amphorae ; preserved olives from southern Spain in amphorae ; lava querns from Mayen on the middle Rhine ; glass ; and some agricultural products.

From October 1784 to September 1786 he was employed by Nepean, who was in charge of the Secret Service relating to the Bourbon Powers, France and Spain, to spy on the French naval arsenals at Toulon and other ports.

Throughout its history, the dynasty, as well as being Emperors of the French, held various other titles and territories including ; their ancestral nation the Kingdom of Italy, Kingdom of Spain, Kingdom of Westphalia, Kingdom of Holland and the Kingdom of Naples.

Cape Verdean populations also settled Spain, Germany, Canada, and other CPLP countries ( Angola, Brazil and Guinea-Bissau ).

For him and for certain other members of the Chilean elite, the initiative for temporary self-rule quickly escalated into a campaign for permanent independence, although other Criollos remained loyal to Spain.

Costa Rica joined other Central American provinces in 1821 in a joint declaration of independence from Spain.

The main destination countries are the United States, Spain, Mexico and other Central American countries.

Outside the Fuerza Pública, there is a small Special Forces Unit, the Unidad Especial de Intervencion ( UEI ) or Special Intervention Unit, which trains with special forces of Israel, and its namesake in Spain and other democratic nations, but is not part of the main police forces.

" That rich island ," he wrote on 1 December 1881, " the key to the Gulf of Mexico, is, though in the hands of Spain, a part of the American commercial system … If ever ceasing to be Spanish, Cuba must necessarily become American and not fall under any other European domination.

Contemporary constitutional monarchies include: Andorra, Belgium, Bhutan, Bahrain, Cambodia, Denmark, Japan, Jordan, Kuwait, Liechtenstein, Lesotho, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Monaco, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, Tonga, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms.

With the arrival of news in May 1810 that southern Spain had been conquered by Napoleon's forces, that the Spanish Supreme Central Junta had dissolved itself, declarations of independence in Quito ( 1809 ), Gran Colombia ( 1810 ), Venezuela and Paraguay ( 1811 ) and other territories, established their own governments.

In other countries where liberal conservative movements have entered the political mainstream, such as Italy and Spain, the terms liberal and conservative may be synonymous.

The history of France, along with Spain, has other sides of caste systems.

Between 1580 and 1640 the Crown of Portugal and the Crown of Spain were held by the same kings and therefore Casablanca and all other areas occupied by the Portuguese were under Spanish control, even though maintaining an autonomous Portuguese administration.

The Mondragon Corporation based out of the Basque Country in the region of Spain and France, was founded by a Catholic priest, Father José María Arizmendiarrieta, who seems to have been influenced by the same Catholic social and economic teachings that inspired Belloc, Chesterton, McNabb and the other founders of distributism.

Unlike other countries, Spain registers a comparatively small number of Doctor degree holders.

During his sojourn in Palencia, Spain experienced a dreadful famine, prompting Dominic to sell all of his beloved books and other equipment to help his neighbors.

This format, a contrast to the Encyclopædia Britannica, was widely imitated by later 19th century encyclopedias in Britain, the United States, France, Spain, Italy and other countries.

With the prodding of the United Nations, the United States, Spain, and other donor countries, the government undertook an electoral census in 1995.

Emeralds are also found in other countries, such as Afghanistan, Australia, Austria, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Canada, China, Egypt, Ethiopia, France, Germany, India, Italy, Kazakhstan, Madagascar, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Russia, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, Tanzania, United States, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

The presence of other generalized non-cercopithecids of middle Miocene age from sites far distant — Otavipithecus from cave deposits in Namibia, and Pierolapithecus and Dryopithecus from France, Spain and Austria — is evidence of a wide diversity of forms across Africa and the Mediterranean basin during the relatively warm and equable climatic regimes of the early and middle Miocene.

After the king's execution in January 1793, these powers, along with Spain and most other European states, joined the war against France.

A similar figure with the same name ( in other languages ) exists in several other countries, including France ( Père Noël ), Spain ( Papá Noel, Padre Noel ), almost all Hispanic South America ( Papá Noel ), Brazil ( Papai Noel ), Portugal ( Pai Natal ), Italy ( Babbo Natale ), Armenia ( Kaghand Papik ), India ( Christmas Father ), Andorra ( Pare Noel ), Romania ( Moş Crăciun ) and Turkey ( Noel Baba ).